Harimboonekwi zvokuvhoterwa uye yapera kuzivikanwa. Sei munyika harimboonekwi chinoda?

Harimboonekwi chinoda vakapararira pasi pose. Kakawanda vari kuumbwa apo enyika uye zvoupfumi contiguous zvinodiwa nemasimba ano, dictating kana pasi pose, mitemo kana emunharaunda. Saka, kunyika dzokuMadokero, Russia uye China zvino kuwana uremu uyu mutambo enyika ndivo protagonists, kubva kunaani kunobva, kana asika kana kuzivikanwa zvokuvhoterwa vachatitaka "nounhu zvisiri grata" pamberi kupfuura zvenyika.

The tsananguro

Ndeipi harimboonekwi chinoda? Iri izwi rinoreva hurumende masangano kuti vakazvimiririra vakazivisa kushaya kwavo kubva mamwe State, uye akazivisa kwavo rusununguko. Kunzwisisa zvauya kubva chokwadi kuti izvi ekupedzisira chinoda hadzina kuzivikanwa maererano nezvibvumirano, t. E. The vazhinji munyika havabvumi navo akazvimirira rinoti, uye vanoonekwa chete chikamu dzimwe nyika. Zvisinei, kubva enyika nemaonero, vane zvose zvaidiwa yakazvimirira chinoda.

Zvinoitwa Independent States

Changamire inoti vanofanira kuva zvishoma hwounhu huru shanu:

- Zita (pamutemo enshrined ari pamutemo mabasa uye mitemo rinozviti zvokuvhoterwa);

- State zviratidzo (mureza, rumbo, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange Constitution);

- vokuparidzira;

- hurumende, mapazi matatu ehurumende - zvemitemo, Executive uye matare (vanowanzoororwa kusimbiswa mumaoko mumwe munhu);

- hondo.

Pfungwa kuziva States

The dzakawanda pamutemo yemibvunzo ukama pakati imwe harimboonekwi inoti uye dzakawanda vakaisa nomuzvarirwo. zvinofanira kuonekwa mune-weDanho matatu payakavakirwa Panyaya iyi, kwacho dzataurwa nokuda nyanzvi kuti "kuziva" chinoda and facto, de jure nedzenyu pamutemo. Kakawanda, zviri kwete Links, asi matanho kuti uchangobva akasika mamiriro.

Danho rokutanga - De facto - zvinoreva kuti zvikuru nyika akataura ayo rusununguko, uye ichiita zvose zvinoitwa neHurumende mutemo dzakawanda.

Danho rechipiri - the of jure. Panyaya iyi, vakaziva masimba vanogona bilateral ukama kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana, uye kurutivi rwechipiri zvingava harimboonekwi zvokuvhoterwa. Russia uye dzimwe nyika zvenyika, Fani iyi inozivikanwa. Somuenzaniso, muna XX remakore US vane inonyoreswa ukama Taiwan unilaterally achibudisa mutemo chaiwo.

Danho rechitatu rinomiririra wevakadzidza kwemamiriro Inter-ehurumende ukama kuburikidza CONSULATES nevamiririri venyika. Ndicho soro zvakadini dzakawanda kuziva zvichiitika inotaura.

nyaya

Mune zvematongerwo enyika mepu dzenyika kwenguva yakareba pane rinoti asina kuzivikanwa zvose nyika zvenyika (kubva nemaonero nezvibvumirano), asi ine zvose nezviratidzo rusununguko. Muenzaniso mumwe rokutanga harimboonekwi inoti nezvibvumirano ano vanogona kunzi Manchukuo, Japan hwakagadzwa muna 1932 mu China.

Mushure Second World War, mumativi ose enyika vari kutanga kubuda of Republic, harimboonekwi kana zvishoma kuzivikanwa vomunyika dzakawanda. Izvi zvaisanganisira vaimbova dzayaitonga pfuma metropolises, iri kunyanya Africa uye Asia.

Kudeuka kukura tichitarisa kwazvo harimboonekwi inoti kwakatanga 90s pamusoro XX remakore. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, ivo vanogona kunzi "harimboonekwi", "inodaro of facto", "Department", "breakaway" uye zvichingodaro. D.

fashoni chitarisiko

Harimboonekwi chinoda venyika vane nyaya yakasiyana. Asi inotungamirwa kazhinji inoitika zvakafanana Muchiitiko. Saka, kana iwe kudzidza tsika enyika zvenyika, zvinokwanisika kuti mazita nezvezviitiko huru shanu:

1. Somugumisiro nokumukirana. Muenzaniso kupfuura unoshamisa anganzi dzidzo of Zimbabwe mushure October Revolution mune yaimbova Russian umambo.

2. Somugumisiro weNational yerusununguko. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuzviremekedza akataura breakaway zvokuvhoterwa, akataura rusununguko kwayo nokuda kuzivisa, mitemo kana zvibvumirano dzakawanda. rinozviti izvi inoti of USA anogona kunzi, yaimbova Soviet Union , uye vamwe.

3. Somugumisiro, kuparadzana post-hondo. Somuenzaniso, pashure Second World War muGermany yakanga matongosika GDR uye frg. Somugumisiro yehondo muKorea akaumba DPRK uye Republic of Korea. A chinokosha hazvisi kuti kwakanyorwa pakutanga akasikwa maviri kana kupfuura States haadi kuziva rusununguko mumwe.

4. Somugumisiro Rusununguko vaimbova nhumbi yaitonga pamusoro yemo. A muenzaniso unoshamisa - aimbova dzaidzorwa of British Empire.

5. Somugumisiro pakati geopolitical yaiitwa mitambo kuzivikanwa inotaura. Izvi zvinonzi buffer munyika dzine kana "chidzoyi inoti" - Far Eastern Republic, ari Independent State kuCroatia, uye vamwe.

typology

harimboonekwi chinoda All inogona rakakamurwa mhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa. The kutituma hazvisi hunhu kudzorwa munharaunda. Somugumisiro, tine 4 mhando paruzhinji masangano:

1. harimboonekwi rinoti kudzora pamusoro munharaunda yayo. Izvi zvinosanganisira Northern Cyprus uye Transdnistria.

2. States, muchidimbu kudzora chikamu nharaunda yayo, haina kuzivikanwa - Tamil Eelam, South Ossetia, uye vamwe.

3. States, yakaumbwa pasi protectorate ari dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, Kosovo, pamutemo vaiona chikamu Serbia, asi chaizvoizvo raitungamirwa UN kubva 1999.

4. quasi - madzinza vasina kugamuchira kodzero yokuzvitonga. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa ano nyika enyika ndivo Kurds kuti rinozviti Kurdistan, iri munharaunda zvina inoti: Siria, Iraq, Turkey uye Iran.

De facto uye of jure

Mazita yose harimboonekwi chinoda unogona kukamurwa 2 wakafara mhando - "of facto" uye "of jure".

De facto pamutemo zvisakakwana uye anoratidza chivimbo muna mukurumari kuenderera nehurumende iyoyo nyika. Izvi zvingava kuvamiriri ukama, asi havangaguti fanira.

The kuziva of jure wokupedzisira uye kunoratidzwa pakagadzwa yakaenzana dzomunyika ukama zvose nhengo kunyika dzeUN. Kazhinji achiperekedzwa pamutemo mashoko uye zvibvumirano.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pari pane zvakawanda izere Mumagazini mutemo dzakawanda, maererano izvo achangobva akasika hurumende ichava kuti ane of facto kana of jure. Munyika nezvibvumirano chete mitemo mashoma kuziva States.

Basa harimboonekwi inoti mune dzakawanda ukama

Modern harimboonekwi chinoda kwete chete kuva nzvimbo kuva mapepa pachavo vakatanga, asi kuramba mumwe ukama aiziva inoti kana zvimwe harimboonekwi idzodzo.

Panyaya iyi, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti pane chikuru nedzenyu vanochiva dzimwe nyika anogona harimboonekwi, asi panguva imwe chete, hurumende yavo kuti pamwe nevamwe States. Vanogonawo kukudziridza zvoupfumi dzaishandiswa ukama. The inokosha iri pamwe mumunda dzidzo.

Zvachose vose kudyidzana kwakavakirwa zvimwe nomutemo mabasa, varayirwa, mitemo uye zvibvumirano.

Harimboonekwi chinoda zvenyika

List pamusoro harimboonekwi inoti ndiyo yakakura zvakakwana, ane zvinopfuura 100 pfungwa. Republic izvi dziri munyika 60. The Pamazita kunosanganisira zvishomanana kuzivikanwa, harimboonekwi uye ubatanidzwewo harimboonekwi inoti.

Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira avo vane rusununguko kunozivikanwa masimba mashoma. Somuenzaniso, Abkhazia, kuzivikanwa zvose munyika nhanhatu, kana kuti Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, izvo kunozivikanwa Turkey uye Abkhazia chete.

The boka rinozviti nyika yechipiri haina kuzivikanwa chero mamiriro - Somaliland, Puntland, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic uye nevamwe.

Ubatanidzwewo harimboonekwi mamiriro anogona kunzi zvakadaro, izvo aiziva rusununguko vakawanda UN nhengo rinoti, asi dzimwe nyika havaendi danho rakadaro. Somuenzaniso, Armenia haina kuzivikanwa mumwe chete nehurumende - Pakistan, Cyprus - Turkey uye Republic of Korea - DPRK.

Harimboonekwi chinoda of Kishi, uye chaiyo nzvimbo iri munharaunda Kishi nyika kuramba kutamburira kuti kuzivikanwa, sezvo pokuwa yeSoviet. Sezvo muenzaniso Abkhazia. Pashure Georgia vakazivisa kushaya wayo kubva Soviet Union, iye muchirongwa referendamu musi hwomukova SSG (Commonwealth raChangamire inoti), uyo dzidzo hwakavhiringidzwa nokuda kubvuta masimba muna August 1991, asi nhasi aoma Abkhazia rinozivikanwa mamiriro. Mukuwedzera rinogona kunzi kunyange Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

Sei munyika harimboonekwi chinoda? Kupfuura zana! Kana pane zvisingasviki munguva pfupi - mubvunzo chaizvo kunzwisisa. Zvichida kwete. Nhasi dambudziko harimboonekwi inoti ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo chakasimba, uye gakava pamusoro kuzivikanwa uye asiri kuziva zvimwe masangano Usamirira rimwe zuva chete. Chokwadi ndechokuti mushure Soviet Union vakakundwa muna Hondo Yemashoko, kuWest vakafunga kuti chete ane kodzero ave wedzimhosva mabasa, kusanganisira maererano kuziva States sezvo vakadaro. Zvisinei, zviri kuitika zveupfumi uye enyika chaizvoizvo zvinoratidza kuti West ndiye asisiri koshesa simba pamusoro nyaya iyi, saka kuti panowanikwa Crimea kupinda Russian Federation, kuziviswa rinozviti HRE uye LNR zvakaipisisa zvokuti yaisangana Old World, uye kunyanya munzvimbo US.