Zvokurarama nazvo uye maumbirwo algae. Zvakakurukurwa sechivako algae

yakanaka kunoshamisa pemvura nyika sei uye, sezvaakaita zvisinganzwisisiki. Kusvikira ikozvino, masayendisiti vanoona vamwe hutsva uye kujairika mhando mhuka kudzidza incredible ehupfumi zvinomera, kuwedzera munda chikumbiro.

Nemiti munyanza, makungwa, nzizi, madhamu uye anezvimiti hazvina siyana sezvo nyika, asi nemamwe uye akanaka. Tichaedza uzive zvinyiko izvi zvinoshamisa pemvura zvinomera, algae uye chii chiri maumbirwo hwavo kukosha muupenyu hwevanhu uye zvimwe zvipenyu.

Enderana chinzvimbo makemikari nyika ino

Maererano kazhinji akagamuchira mitemo, algae vanoonekwa boka ezasi zvinomera. Ndivo muumambo hwacho Cell umambo Plants uye subkingdoms Lower zvinomera. Kutaura zvazviri, nokupesana ichi inobva zvinhu sechivako vamiririri izvi.

chavainacho The zita nokukwanisa vakure uye kurarama pasi mvura. zita Latin - Algae. Nokudaro achiumbwa uye zita nesayenzi, kuita uwane mukudzidza zvipenyu izvi, avo emari kukosha uye mamiriro; - phycology.

kupatsanura pakati algae

Modern Data inotipa zvinosanganisira zvose iripo mashoko ari pamusoro rakasiyana-siyana vamiririri madhipatimendi gumi. Hwaro kuparadzana marongerwo zvinokosha uye zvinokosha basa algae.

1. Blue-nyoro chete-celled, kana cyanobacteria. Representatives: cyan, Monera, mikrotsistisy uye nevamwe.
2. Diatoms. Izvi zvinosanganisira pinnulyariya, Navicula, plevrosigma, melozira, gomfonema, sinedra uye nevamwe.
3. Gold. Representatives hrizodendron, hromulina, primnezium uye nevamwe.
4. Porphyry. Idzi dzinosanganisira porphyry.
5. Brown. Kelp, Sargassum, cystoseira uye nevamwe.
6. Yellow-rwegirini. Izvi zvinosanganisira makirasi akadai Ksantopodovye, Ksantokokkovye, Ksantomonadovye.
7. Red. Gratsillyariya, ahnfeltia, whelk.
8. Green. Chlamydomonas, Volvox, chlorella uye nevamwe.
9. Evshenovye. Ndivo kupfuura chinyakare vamiririri zvakasvibirira.
10. Stoneworts. Hara somumiririri huru.

kupatsanura Izvi hazviratidzi nemamiriro algae, uye chete zvinoratidza kugona kwavo photosynthesize panguva dzakasiyana dzakadzika, achiratidza pigmentation imwe ruvara. Kureva kupenda chirimwa chiratidzo naro ndeye imwe dhipatimendi.

Algae: asi STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Chavainyanya runoratidza - ndiko kuti muviri hauna kusiyaniswa migove. Kureva, hapana algae, kufanana yakakwirira zvinomera, kupesana pachena Murwiri, zvinosanganisira hunde, shizha uye ruva, uye midzi. algae muviri mamiriro raimiririra thallus kana thallus.

Mukuwedzera, mudzi gadziriro riri kushaikwa. Asi, pamberi rinokosha translucent mutete shinda-kufanana zvinoshandiswa, akadana rhizoids. Ivo vanoita mashandiro kuda kusvika substrate, nokudaro achiita somunhu Kuziva.

Thallus pacharo angava akasiyana chaizvo zvitarisiko uye mavara. Dzimwe nguva, vamwe nhengo afanane zvakasimba kupunyuka yepamusoro zvinomera. Saka, sechivako algae wakananga zvikuru neimwe dhipatimendi, saka mune ramangwana ichakurukurwa muudzame mienzaniso vamiririri.

mhando thalli

Thallus - huru kuchiitwa chero zvipuka zvine masero akawanda algae. Zvakakurukurwa sechivako muviri iri chokwadi kuti thallium anogona kuva mhando dzakasiyana.

1. Amoeboid.
2. Monad.
3. Kapsalny.
4. Coccoid.
5. Filamentous kana trihalny.
6. Sartsinoidny.
7. Lozhnotkanevy.
8. Kusveta.
9. Psevdoparenhimatozny.

The nhatu dzokutanga ndivo kupfuura yo yaitonga uye unicellular siyana, imwe zvimwe yepamusoro, multi-cellular, yakaoma sangano.

kupatsanura Izvi chete anofungidzirwa, nokuti mumwe mhando Transitional nzira dziripo, uye ipapo kusiyanisa kubva mumwe nomumwe anenge zvisingaiti. Masa Kusiyanisa zvapera.

algae sero, mamiriro ayo

The peculiarity zvinomera izvi zviri pakutanga marongerwo foni yavo. Hazvina siyanei kuti chemhando vamiririri. Unogona kunan'anura zvishomanana pfungwa apo masero vari dzinounzwa.

1. Mune vamwe vanhu dzine unyanzvi hwakasiyana mhuka mamiriro - organelles rwokufamba (flagella).
2. Dzimwe nguva pane rusarura.
3. Nehombodo havasi chaizvo kufanana munhu kwakajairika chirimwa sero. Vanowanzoororwa akashongedzerwa zvimwe carbohydrate kana lipid akaturikidzana.
4. Pigments vari akanyudzwa muviri chaiyo - the chromatophores.

The navamwe nemamiriro algae masero inozviisa mukuru mitemo kuti dzakanga zvinomera. Vanewo:

• musimboti uye chromatin;
• chloroplasts, chromoplasts, uye vamwe ruvara tubhokisi mamiriro;
• vacuole pamwe muchitokisi muto;
• Sero rusvingo;
• mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes;
• Golgi midziyo, endoplasmic reticulum , uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Panyaya iyi, iyo cellular maumbirwo unicellular algae unoenderana kuti prokaryotic venyama. Ndichowo hapana neerekitironi, chloroplasts, mitochondria, uye dzimwe nhengo.

The cellular maumbirwo zvipuka zvine masero akawanda algae kunoenderana zvizere kuti dzakakwirira pano zvinomera, kunze zvimwe zvinhu chaizvo zvechiratidzo.

Department Green algae: Structure

In dhipatimendi ichi zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• celled;
• zvipuka zvine masero akawanda;
• dzayaitonga.

vanopfuura zviuru gumi marudzi ose imomo. Huru makirasi:

• Volvoxes.
• Verlauf.
• Ulotriksovye.
• Kusveta.
• Protococcal.

Features chete-celled maumbirwo iri ndechokuti kunze sero zvinowanzooneka kuchizvivanza okuwedzera unhani kuti anoita basa rimwe worudzii marangwanda - pellicle. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kuchengetedzwa kubva Kufurirwa nevamwe, kuchengeta imwe chimiro uye nguva panyika yokuumba yakanaka uye zvinoshamisa mifananidzo ions simbi munyu.

Kazhinji, sechivako zvakasvibirira algae unicellular mhando hazvo zvinosanganisira chero organelle kufamba, kazhinji flagellum pakupedzisira pakuguma muviri. Spare inotonhorera - starch, mafuta kana furawa. Key Vamiririri: chlorella, chlamydomonas, Volvox, hlorokokkum, protokokkus.

kunakidza chaizvo ndivo vamiririri kusveta sezvo Caulerpa, kodium, atsetobulyariya. thallus yavo - haizi nezano uye ndiro mhando, uye mumwe sero hofori kuti anoita mabasa ose oupenyu zvinokosha mabasa.

Zvipuka zvine masero akawanda anogona kuva lamellar kana filamentous marongerwo. Kana totaura mundiro chimiro, ipapo kazhinji multi-layered uye kwete chete chete rukoko. Kazhinji sechivako algae iri mhando zvikuru yakafanana matavi dzakakwirira pano zvirimwa. The zvakawanda matavi thallium, zvikuru kufanana.

Vamiririri Key - zvinotevera zvidzidzo:

• Ulotriksovye - ulothrix, Ulvi, monostroma.
• Stseplyanki kana verlauf - zigonema, Spirogyra, muzhotsiya.

Colonial siyana - inokosha. Sechivako ichi mhando ouswa algae rinowanzova pedyo kusakarongeka pakati guru kuunganidza unicellular vamiririri yakabatana madzihwa ari kwokunze zvakatipoteredza. Vamiririri huru inogona sechinoitika Volvox, protococcal.

Features zvoupenyu

nzvimbo Key - ndiyo mvura yakachena uye negungwa, makungwa. Kazhinji zvinokonzera Yaunoti algal Anotumbuka, vari dzisavhiringidza pepasi. Chlorella zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa mhuka minda, sezvo oxygenates uye Unochenura mvura, uye yakaoma vakasara zvokudya kuti zvipfuwo.

The unicellular zvakasvibirira algae aitwe muchadenga motokari yokuti pagadzirwe okisijeni nokuda photosynthesis pasina kuchinja ayo marongerwo uye rufu. Maererano kureba kwenguva ndiko dhipatimendi ichi - mukuru munhoroondo pasi pemvura zvirimwa.

Division Red algae

Other dhipatimendi zita - whelk. It akazviratidza nokuda chinokosha ruvara vamiririri boka iri miti. All nyaya yacho pigments. The nemamiriro dzvuku algae seboka anozadzika zvose zvinokosha zviri sechivako ezasi zvinomera. Vanogonawo kuva chimwe celled uye zvipuka zvine masero akawanda, tine yakasiyana mhando thallus. Pane zvose vamiririri makuru uye kwazvo duku.

Zvisinei, dziberekane kwavo nokuda zvimwe zvinhu - pamwe chlorophyll, algae izvi vane zvimwe pigments:

• carotenoids;
• phycobilins.

Ivo masiki huru munyoro ruvara, saka noruvara miti inogona anosiyana kubva yero kusvikira tsvuku uye tsvuku. Izvi nokuda Absorção de Água kusvika wavelengths zvose chiedza zvinooneka. Key Vamiririri: ahnfeltia, phyllophora, gracilaria, porphyry uye nevamwe.

Kukosha uye mararamiro

Kukwanisa kugara yakachena mumvura, asi vakawanda - asi zvomumvura vamiririri. The nemamiriro tsvuku algae, zvakananga vachikwanisa kubereka rinokosha fuma Hagari-Hagari, anoita kushandiswa chaizvo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya zvokudya confectionery indasitiri. Uyewo, chinokosha mugove vanhu inoshandiswa mukurapa uye rinoshandiswa nevanhu zvokudya zvakananga.

Department of Brown algae: Structure

Kazhinji muchikoro zvidzidzo kudzidza ezasi zvinomera, avo dzakasiyana mativi mudzidzisi anobvunza vadzidzi: "Nyora STRUCTURAL zviri kelp." Mhinduro: thallus ane kwazvo maumbirwo zvose anozivikanwa mhando ezasi zvinomera, ari thallus, izvo kazhinji chinoshamisa saizi, vari akaronga kuitisa midziyo; thallus pachayo ane multi-rukoko mamiriro, nokuti chii chakafanana Mucheka mhando umhare dzakakwirira pano zvirimwa.

Vamiririri algae masero kubereka anokosha madzihwa izvi, saka kunze anogara akafukidzwa marongera mutsa. Spare muviri ndiwo:

• carbohydrate kelp;
• anonhuwirira (mafuta pamusoro siyana);
• doro mannitol.

Pano Ndizvo zvaunofanira kutaura, kana ukakumbirwa: ". Nyora STRUCTURAL zviri kelp" Ndivo yakawanda chaizvo uye vakasiyana nevamwe mukuenzanisa nevamwe vamiririri pasi pemvura zvinomera.

Uchishandisa purazi uye kuparadzirwa

Kelp - huru kunobva Organic yeimwe kwete chete herbivorous zvomumvura vagari, asiwo vanhu vaigara mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mapazi. Kushandiswa yavo zvokudya kwakapararira pakati siyana pavanhu venyika. Ava kugadzirwa medicaments furawa uye chicherwa zvinhu, alginic acid.