Marangwanda Skull: STRUCTURAL zvinhu uye pikicha

Nenjiva vari zvinokambaira, izvo Munokudzwa nezvimwe vertebrates, kunyanya skeletal mamiriro. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mhuka idzi nedzimwe akararama miriyoni 220 apfuura, achivaita pakati dangwe zvinokambaira, vakuru madzvinyu, nyoka kana makarwe. sayenzi yemazuva anoziva 327 mhando nenjiva, uye vazhinji vavo vari mungozi kutsakatika.

Marangwanda hamba: STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Hamba marangwanda ane nevamwe Mumagazini tichienzanisa neimwe vertebrates, umo zvipande dziri kunze bhokisi munhu, hombe katsi, nzou, mbudzi uye tsoko. Warrior hamba marangwanda rutivi mafupa mamiriro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti unodzivirira goko - icho chinhu kungogumira ane chifukidzo yokunze. Hazvina chinokosha muviri remhuka. Kana otanga kuumba skulls marangwanda, uye chipasa micheto vava chikamu kukura deko. The marangwanda rinoumbwa mapfupa uye shwashwa.

Kazhinji, rakakamurwa 3 huru kumativi:

• dehenya (cranium, shaya midziyo uye sublingual);
• axial marangwanda nenjiva, mukati kana dzokunze (goko, vertebrae, rumbabvu, uye mbabvu nomukaka);
• appendicular marangwanda (maoko nemakumbo, chipfuva uye pelvic marongerwo).

Marangwanda kamba: kuti muzongoza

Marangwanda kamba nyika rinosanganisira nomuzongoza pamwechete remuromo, thoracal, lumbar, sacral uye caudal nharaunda. Yaimiririra sezvo remuromo vertebrae 8, sezvamakaropafadzwa 2 yokutanga Mobile chaizvo. Uchiteverwa 10 hunde vertebrae, fused pamwe testaceous arcs. Munzvimbo yacho sacrum papi sandarara lateral growths, kuti izvo dzakabatanidzwa yacho pelvic pfupa. Vakawanda vertebrae ari muswe hapana kazhinji hapana kupfuura 33. dhipatimendi iyi inozivikanwa mukuru mufambo.

The marangwanda ari njiva, mufananidzo izvo akapa munyaya, zvinosanganisira anenge zvachose ossified dehenya, zvinosanganisira cerebral uye visceral mupanda. The meno ndisipo sezvo vakadaro, zvakarongwa panzvimbo yavo nyanga ndiro dzichiumbwa kufanana muromo. The yakasiyana chinoratidza nenjiva marangwanda pane dzimwe vertebrates ndechokuti mbabvu zvaizopedza migumo.

Kusiyana sechivako gungwa nenjiva

gungwa hamba anatomi yakasiyana nedzimwe pakuti mumwe zvisikwa mashoma kuti vane zvose ane zvemukati uye kwokunze marangwanda. Miti yose kunze leatherback, chokunze puranga anotidzivirira uye rutsigiro nhengo dzomukati. It rine goko remafupa, izvo zvinozoita rakakamurwa sezvikamu zviviri: rezasi uye yokumusoro warrior plastron. To yomukati marangwanda zvakabatanidzwa netsandanyama. Kungofanana nenyika, gungwa nenjiva nomuzongoza fused pamwe carapace.

Long minwe ari makumbo anoumba zvimbi, izvo inoshandiswa kufamba mumvura. Vanewo kushandiswa vakadzi kuchera makomba mazai panguva nesting nguva. Mumuromo gungwa nenjiva havana kwemeno. Asi, vane unopinza muromo, iyo unogona aputse chikafu. Rakaunyana muromo ine dzinoverengeka undeveloped spines.

Havasi nenjiva zvose vane dzakaoma deko

At Rakaunyana nenjiva nomuzongoza haina fused pamwe goko uye goko haana pfupa, asi pachinzvimbo riri chakafukidzwa vanachandagwinyira vhiri uye vachitsigirwa ne kwegadziriro mapfupa tuduku. okunatsiridza izvi kubvumira nenjiva kuti svetuka kuti kudzika 1.5? km.

Interesting mashoko pamusoro nenjiva

• Warrior marangwanda nenjiva chaizvoizvo chinosanganisira vanenge 50 mapfupa zvakasiyana. Externally afanane chinoramba imwe neimwe, uye mukati goko yaro ine mapfupa anoverengeka uye chakaumbwa akakonzera kubatana kwe ane mbabvu mhuka uye vertebrae.
• Kubva mukati goko yakafanana zvikuru bhokisi kuti ane hamba kunze muviri wayo. Zvichienderana kukura mhuka, uyewo mamwe parameters dzingasiyana. Somuenzaniso, tsvuku-hamba marangwanda zvakasiyana muzvidimbu urefu uye caudal muswe mu vanhurume Hwakareba uye mukobvu, uye goko rakapfupika kudarika vanhukadzi.

• Animal zvachose necheni kumba kwake. Harisi kukwanisa kuisiya, kana zvikasadaro akarashikirwa musana wake uye muchipfuva mumuviri.
• Nokuda zvikuru foni uye kusanduka remuromo vertebrae hamba anogona yokudzura musoro wayo kunze carapace, kana, Ukuwo, kuvanza kana zvichidikanwa kuti kudzivirirwa.
• Warrior nenjiva marangwanda rinosanganisira chaiwo chinjwa vadyi, iyo anoita somunhu hinji uye anobvumira zvose dzosa mukati mumuviri.
• Kamba anoshongwa havasi dzokurwa nadzo, kunyange zvazvo vanotarisa nesimba uye nhoo kwegore risingapindiki. Kune pakuvara tsinga nemidziyo ropa, saka kuti kana mhuka akakuvara ayo inodzivirira goko, anogona ropa uye kunzwa marwadzo.
• Muna 1968, nekamba maviri Russian vaiva muchadenga uye vakadzokera kukuvara, asi kakurasika uremu. Nenzira iyi akaratidza kuti chero mupenyu anogona kuita muronga rwendo.
• Pasinei kwayo Hakuna Basa chitarisiko, vanogona kuva noutsinye nezvikara. Goroondo dzimwe mhando vanogona kukura 2,5 metres urefu, sezvamakaropafadzwa vanoyera makirogiramu anopfuura 100 uye une shaya simba zvikuru pachirauro muromo uye nenzara kutakura tsandanyama muswe. Zvinonzi kuchitsausa zvavo, dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva mumwe njiva, kutamira rurimi rwake, izvo sokunge gonye.
• An dzinonakidza chinoratidza mhuka idzi zvakare chokwadi chokuti pasina Vocal chords or the vanogona kubereka mitinhimira. Vazhinji vavo muridzo, kunyange unogona kunzwa ichinguruma ichiti giriri uye cackling imwe mhando. Hamba anoita, rinooneka jerking musoro wake nenzira kuti akakudzvinya kubva mapapu mhepo chinonzvenga neumwe inzwi.

• Vanova sleuths chaivo kana kuvhundutswa. Female sikarudzi akavanda mugaranhoko dzavo, iri mhango pedyo muswe, iyo inoshandiswa maberekero, uye nokuda defecation. Male nyore wanikidza nokuda kunhuhwidza hadzi mapheromone secreted mukati cloaca.
• Chimwe dzinonakidza chokwadi pamusoro nedhambakura wacho cheshanu pfungwa. Zvakaratidza kuti kuburikidza nawo unogona kufema! Mune dzimwe mhando, kuti mugaranhoko akapoteredzwa nhete Kamudzira kuburikidza iyo gasi Exchange kunogona kuitika munguva svetuka.
• Mhando dzakawanda nenjiva vanogona kurarama kwemakore anopfuura zana.
• Havasi kuti kunonoka, sezvo ivo vakashandisa kufunga. Vari kunyanya herbivores, saka ivo havazofaniri pakudzinga kwako kudya. Vane zvakanaka, gobvu goko, saka kuti havana kuti kutiza munhu.