Basil 1: makore hurumende, kunyanya zvematongerwo enyika, mudzimai wake nevana

Mugumo remakore rechi13. uye chikamu remakore rechi14 rokutanga. nokuti Grand Duchy of Moscow kwakaratidzwa nguva nani kunyarara, pasina munyika kusagadzikana uye chete chete nechisimba Horde. Territory yakawedzera kuwedzera munyika itsva, vakawedzera feudal nyika gavhuna. izvi zvose akava zvichibvira kunokwana akangwara wokuti mutongi muduku. Iyi ndiyo nguva apo machinda choushe dzatora mwanakomana Dmitry Donskoy, Grand Prince of Moscow Vasily 1. Paitonga mutongi uye akakurumbira uyewo pfupiso mhuri yake uye vana, uchawana munyaya.

Khan kuti chitaridzi

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi13 maererano simba rezvitendero Genghis Khan kupatsanura itsva Hurumende - Zolotaya Orda, iyo yaiva yepakarepo pedyo ukuru Russian kusvikira pakupera remakore rechi14. Kunyange zvazvo kuramba statehood yavo, vaitarira uye nechechi pamafudzi avo mutoro unorema kubhadhara mitero. kurayira uku itungamirirwe yoga muchinda yakabudisa bhuku rainzi Khan kuti chitaridzi, iyo, sezvo kunopa kodzero musoro Grand Duke, uyewo rutsigiro enyika neechiuto of Horde. Shure nayo pakutanga akaenda Mongolia uye zvadaro pedanga.

Muna 1832, pashure pokuparadzwa of Moscow Dmitry Donskoy I nhume kuna Khan Tokhtamysh kuti vawane chaiyo mambo, akatungamirirwa-makore 11 akanga ari mwanakomana wedangwe Dmitri, ramangwana Grand Duke Vasily 1, panguva ane ushe kwakatanga muna 1389

mangwanani nguva

zita renyu muchinda ramangwana rakanga vachikudza St. Basil yeKesariya, sezvo iye akaberekwa zuva mhemberero mundangariro dzake - December 10, 1371 Mother Basil Eudoxia of Moscow wakabva Suzdal akanga mwanasikana Grand Duke Suzdalskogo Dmitriya Konstantinovicha.

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, pashure pokuparadzwa Moscow muna 1882, muchinda muduku akatungamirira nhume kuna Horde. Khan kwakaita chitaridzi akagamuchirwa Dmitriem Donskim, chete mwanakomana wake Tokhtamysh akasiya somunhu mubatwa. Vasiliy akapukunyuka paaiva nemakore 14 okuberekwa. nzira dzake akarara kuburikidza Moldavia Peter Musat. In Russia inogona zvasvika chete kuburikidza vokuPoland uye Lithuanian yavo. Dmitry Ivanovich angotumira mwanakomana boyars, vaifanira kukotamira kurutivi muchinda Poles. Kana ake nhume vakabudirira uye ngozi akanunura Basil muMoscow.

Vasily Dmitrievich 1: Paitonga

Kodzero choumambo Vladimir Horde Basil ndakagamuchira muna 1389, pashure pokufa kwababa vake. Kuzvidzivirira nenharaunda dzavo, akapotsa chatangwa akurukure ayo zvakakura vakwikwidzi: Yuri Dmitrievich mukoma uye sekuru Vladimir ari Brave. Origin nhaka kubva Dmitriya Donskogo Zvenigorod Ruza, Galitch uye Vyatka, uye wechipiri - aiva muchinda Serpuhovskoy, Galicia, Borowski, uye Dmitrovsky Uglitskikh. Sekuru Basil akabvuma omurume mukutsinhana dzimwe nyika zvichemo.

Kazhinji, paitonga Basil 1 rakatanga kuenderera abatsire yababa vake, kunyanya vaya pamusoro pamutemo ukama pakati Grand Duke uye nhaka zvakanyatsorongwa arikuti zvikuru basa, asi panguva imwe chete kusiya pasi rushoma zvarinoroora muna Moscow munyika. wokuti baba vake uye sekuru Ichokwadi ari ramangwana. Support uye rubatsiro pakubata dzezvematongerwo enyika mutongi wechiduku akapa Metropolitan weSaipuresi uye Moscow kwamachinda.

Prince akafa 27 February, 1425, pazera remakore makore 53. The guva iri mu Ngirozi Huru Cathedral of Moscow Kremlin. mutsivi wake aiva gotwe - Vasiliy Temny (mufananidzo pamusoro). Kutanga kwake hwakazara internecine hondo muna Muscovy.

The ukama Horde

Tiine Golden Horde Basil Ndakaedza kuramba vasina kwavakarerekera mafungiro. Muna 1392 akatanga atenga kwaari kodzero Nizhny Novgorod, nokutuma Gorodetsky muchinda rokumanikidzirwa kugarwa muna Suzdal. Zvino yakanga vawana Meschera, Gorodets, Moore uye Tarusa. Iwo chokwadi, zvakanga zvakaita yokudzikinurwa pamusoro Holdings ose yaivapo pamutemo venhaka. Labels pamusoro vaiva rakapa pamberi chete hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo panyika.

Basil 1 (ushe - 1389-1425), maonero ayo rusununguko kubva Horde, uye akapotsa haana kuudza mari yavo Khan. Sent muripo mushure kuenda kana chinhu kana zvipo varombo chaizvo. Zvisinei, muna 1407-1408 gg. pasi murayiro Temnik Edigei zvakanga vakaita nechisimba Muscovy. The ndopakaperawo kwedanidziro iyi yaiva kukombwa ari Kremlin kwevhiki nhatu, izvo, zvisinei, haana kubudirira. Basil handina kutuma mauto, asi akaedza nedzenyu Nhaurirano, nokudaro pakutangazve hondo simba mukati Horde. Ndaziva kuti unouya mumwe anokumhan'arira Yedigei pakarepo vakasiya guru Russian, achitora pane imwe tsitsi uye rikaparadzwa maguta akawanda weutungamiriri, kusanganisira Ryazan, iyo yakapiswa.

Relations pamwe Lithuania

Kukwanisa nezvibvumirano uye Nhaurirano - ndicho chimwe pazvina vakanga Grand Duke Vasily 1. Makore hurumende muMoscow akatanga kusvika panguva imwe chete muchato wake mukunda Omani Grand Duke Vytautas muna 1390. Zvaizoratidza sokuti danho iri kuti kukubatsira kugadzirisa zvinetso pamwe Novgorod. Asi Vytautas aiva zvinangwa zvake uye urongwa. Grand Duke pamusoro Lithuania, akatanga muna 1392 uye akanga atsausa kushandisa itsva ukama hwemhuri chete kwavo pachavo enyika.

Uchapupu ichi ndicho kubatwa zviri Smolensk panguva hadzimbotauri mukati machinda imba. Basil I vakarikunda, tichifunga musoro kusvikira pfungwa kuchengeta nyika, pane kuenda hondo mutongi simba uye makaro. Ipapo Vytautas akakunda Ryazan hugota, uye maererano yaMakoronike, akanga achironga kushandisa nokuda Horde kumisa simba rayo pamusoro Russia. Muna 1405, pashure pokunge aita rwendo muPskov, Basil ndakatanga kuunganidza uto, achidana Tatars uye tverichey. Vanopikisa vakasangana yerera rwizi pedyo Tula, asi kurwa havana kutora nzvimbo. An nguva yekumbotaurirana akanga akagumisa kuti gore rimwe.

Pakupedzisira, muna Lithuanian akananga Basil ndakaita zvichemo makuru miganhu nemashoko, akabvumira kuti kupindira Duke pamusoro Lithuania munyaya dzomunyika, asi panguva imwe chete, maitiro ake kwakaita kuti mutsika kutongwa Moscow Omani Orthodox vakakwirira, kurambidza ropa pakati ukuru kushandisa chiremera Vytautas kuti kaza rukave .

Wife nevana

Muna 1391, musi Christmas Day, Basil 1 (akatonga 1389-1425) akaroora Sophia - Omani Princess uye chete mukunda Omani Grand Duke Vytautas. Akazvara vana vapfumbamwe Basil: vasikana vana, mumwe wavo munguva yemberi akaroorwa mambo John VIII Palaeologus, uye vakomana vashanu, uyo mumwe chete vakapona. Muna 1425, Sofia (pamufananidzo pamusoro wamambo uye nemurume) akava regent vaduku wenhaka Basil II pamusoro ndima pamwe Vytautas uye Prince Peter uye Andrei Dmitrievich. Pakukwegura, mudzimai Muchinda akaenda Ascension wemamonk, apo akaramba kuvaka temberi Ascension, iro rakatanga mukadzi D. Don nguva. Muchindakadzi akafa October 27, 1453 panguva akwegura (Makore 82).

Izvi chete pfupi nhoroondo achitsanangura kuti akauya simba yaitonga Basil 1. uye kuti akaita Grand Duke kweRussia - mumwe zvinofadza zvikuru misoro munhau. Akatsiviwa akaenda zvakarurama kugadzikana mupfungwa uye kwokunze enyika mamiriro ezvinhu kweutongi, kwete yakashatiswa kunetesa hondo, uye kuti yekudyidzana vawedzere nharaunda.