Han Tokhtamysh: bhodhi uye kufora musi Moscow

Tokhtamysh Khan aiva mwanakomana mumwe wamachinda zvikuru pakati Horde. ushe hwake pakataurwa kumutsidzirwa Yechinwiwa Horde simba, iyo atambura zvikuru zvichikonzerwa vakawanda kukakavara vamutangira. Munhoroondo Russian, anozivikanwa somunhu murongi kufora musi Moscow muna ra1382, uko kwakaguma anotyisa pokuparadzwa kweguta uye yezvipfungaidzo tenements ake.

accession

Pashure baba vake akaurayiwa, ramangwana Khan Tokhtamysh vakatiza 1376 kuna Katya, uyo panguva iyoyo mitemo rimwe Central inoti Asian. Mumakore maviri akatevera, iye tichibatsirwa anorichengeta wake akaedza kupidigura mutongi, uyo akaurayiwa baba vake, asi nguva imwe neimwe vakatadza. Kana nemuvengi wake akafa, Khan Tokhtamysh muna 1378 akapidigura simba mutsivi wake uye akava mutongi mumwe zviumbu akatotanga pakazotanga aputse ari mamiriro of Horde. Gore rakatevera arwisa pfuma avo, vakange kudzora naamai uye akakwanisa andobata zvose mhirizhonga munyika, kusanganisira guru. Pashure Hondo Kulikovo muna 1380, iye tichibatsirwa Katya akava mutongi achangobva vakabatana ehurumende uye vakabatsira kudzorerwa mukurumbira nezviremera. Uyezve, kana vakatanga kumutsidzirwa wandei Volga Horde maguta.

Mamiriro muRussia

Pakarepo pashure pokutonga Khan Tokhtamysh akatuma machinda Russian, vamiririri vane nhau iyi uye zvinodiwa kuti vauye kwaari bhidha zvakaitika tsika dzokupira kuwana pamapepa kuti hugota uye zvipo. Wakananga vatongi itsva vakatevera Khan, asi Moscow Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy akaramba. Chokwadi ndechokuti pashure Hondo Kulikov chinzvimbo Russian nyika akachinja: kukunda eMongolia vakaita Moscow musimboti kubatana munyika Russian. Ndicho chikuru chiitiko akamutsa mibvunzo pamusoro paumbwe rakabatana Russian mamiriro. kunangiswa kwakadaro mauto yachinja Moscow-Horde ukama chii aisagona kugamuchira Khan itsva. Pashure pemakore maviri, akatanga gadziriro kufora musi Moscow.

Kurwiswa guru

Busting Moscow Tokhtamysh Khan muna ra1382 raiva rimwe yakaipisisa Zvikamu munhoroondo Russian. furidza ichi zvikuru nesimba rova vakararama nokuti kuti zvakaitika pashure pokunge asingakanganwiki kukunda pana Kulikovo munda. Asati kutamira guru, kuti Tartars vakasvika Nizhny Novgorod nharaunda, ane mutongi, achida kudzivirira zvavo kubva panyatwa, akamupa vanakomana vake. muchinda Ryazan, uyewo kuda mafambire nokurohwa kubva kunyika yemadzitateguru avo, akatuma Tartars kurwizi yenzira chavainacho pairi kune mukuru muguta. Ipapo Dmitry Donskoy, pamwe yake uye muranda akafamba Suburban nzvimbo kuunganidza mauto kuti vadzivise muvengi.

kubvuta

Busting Moscow Tokhtamysh Khan akava zvinogoneka chete nokuonga nemanomano ake. Mumazuva mashomanana, vanhu vaigara muguta guru uye uyai kwavo rubatsiro Omani mauto vakarwa kubva kumurwisa kunge dzakakundwa kana mukundi haana kuenda unyengeri: akavavimbisa Muscovites kuti chete akauya kutora tsika mutero, uye nyaya kana kuzvigamuchira, pakarepo ringabviswa masvingo eguta. Residents akatenda uye akazarura magedhi. Ipapo Khan akaita matambudziko muguta, uye akapisa Posad, ipapo vakapamba chikamu Suburban maguta. Kwidza Khan Tokhtamysh kuMoscow hwakapera kwake pashure rimwe zvikwata ake vakakundwa mauto Vladimira Serpuhovskogo.

migumisiro

The Zvaizobuda ichi kurwiswa kunotyisa vakanga chakashata. The guta akarasikirwa vanhu vanenge makumi maviri nezvina, zvikava inenge hafu zvachose Vagari guru. Maguta pedyo nemisha vave kupiswa, vakabirwa. Prince pavakadzokera pakarepo akatora proactive matanho kubvisa migumisiro izvi. Akaripira mari kuvigwa yevanhu vakaurayiwa, mukuwedzera, akapa kuna vavakezve aparadza misha. Bvuta Tokhtamysh Khan aiva chakakomba kurwadzisa vaairarama, asi haana rega vakatotanga chirongwa kubatana venyika dzakapoteredza Moscow. Kunyange zvakadaro, pashure pechiitiko ichi, muchinda Moscow akamanikidzwa kutumira mwanakomana wake kuti bheji, uye ipapo apengenuka, akabhadhara mutero-gore maviri uye unozadzisa yokudimbudzira pachigaro choushe. Nyika Tverskaya akanga kuzivikanwa sezvo yakazvimirira nokuda Vladimir kwavabati.

Race nokuti simba

Orda Khan Tokhtamysh kubva 1388 vakatanga kurwisana ake ekare anorichengeta nokuda Katya. Achityira kuti yokupedzisira rinoburitsa chikamu Caucasus uye zapadnoiranskih nyika akakunda chikamu ndima. Zvisinei, muna 1390s nemuvengi wake vakakunda Unobata makuru maviri pamusoro payo, uye akanga zvadaro kurwa vagare pamusoro vateveri ose Tamerlane. Papera chinguva, akamhanyira kune Lithuanian muchinda, iye akasarudza kurishandisa kuti kuhwina kukunda Tartars. Akabudirira pakurwa 1399, asi mutongi simba idzva Yedigei akamukunda, pashure iro Tokhtamysh vakatanga kuvimba kuti nyika pamwe aimbova anorichengeta yake, zvisinei, uyo, akafa makore matanhatu gare gare, uye Khan pakupedzisira akakundwa uye vakaurayiwa muna 1405.

Pasinei kuparadza, yaakanga anogadzirwa Russian panyika, kubatanidzwa muitiro mberi. Vatsivi Dmitry Donskoy ari ndoda kukurukurwa chete vatongi Golden Horde, uye nokukurumidza zvose simba Khan akava chezita. Izvi kusvikira 1480, apo ushe Ivan III ari wechiTatar-Mongol joko rakaparadzwa zvachose.