Franciscans uye nhoroondo yaro

Franciscan Order aiva mumwe simba zvikuru uye simba munhoroondo yekereke yechiKristu. Vateveri vake ipapo kusvikira nhasi. The Order ainzi pashure muvambi waro - St. Francis. The Franciscans airidza chihombe munhau yenyika, kunyanya munguva yeMiddle Ages.

Chinangwa rakasikwa zvirevo dzechitendero

The kwaita mirairo zvechitendero zvaiitwa kudiwa ari kubuda wavapristi vavakatapa vangadai vasina kukanganiswa Panyanzvi zvenyika uye vakakwanisa kuratidza rucheno kwokutenda nomuenzaniso. Church dzidziso vaidiwa kurwisa chitendero mune zvose kuonekwa. First hurongwa ikodzere chinangwa, asi zvishoma nezvishoma, kwemakore, zvinhu zvakatanga kuchinja. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

Order Background

St. Francis wokuAssisi - the vaichengetedza kweItaly. Munyika iye ainzi Giovanni Bernardone. St. Francis wokuAssisi - muvambi Franciscan Order. Giovanni Bernardone akaberekwa kumativi 1181 munguva yemakore 1182. More musi chaiwo chimiro raakazvarwa harizivikanwi. Pakutanga Francis aiva Vakadzi 'murume, asi pashure kakawanda muupenyu hwake yachinja kakawanda.

Akava wainamata chaizvo, achibatsira varombo, kutarisira varwere leprosarium, anogutsikana mbatya zvakaipa, kupa zvinhu zvakanaka kune vanoshaya. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakaungana Francis pedenderedzwa vateveri. Munguva kubvira 1207 musi 1208 gg. Giovanni Bernardone rakaumbwa Minorite Hama. On ayo hwaro, ipapo kwakauya Franciscans.

Create Order

Minorite Brotherhood aivapo The sangano pamberi 1209. raiva idzva nechechi. Minorites vakaedza kutevedzera Kristu uye vaapostora, bereka hwavo. ukama pakati Charter yakanyorwa. In April 1209 mukati makadirwa nomumukanwa mvumo kubva Pope St. Innocent III, uyo akagamuchira enzanga. Somugumisiro, mukuru nheyo Franciscan Order rwakanga rwakakura zvakajeka. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, takatanga muzadze panhengo Minorite vakadzi, kuti izvo Fraternity yechipiri yakatangwa.

Order wechitatu Franciscans hwakagadzwa muna 1212 Akanzi "kurongeka wechitatu hama." nhengo dzayo aifanira kugara pedyo bumbiro ane hwokuzvinyima, asi aigona panguva imwe chete yokurarama pakati vanhuwo zvavo uye kunyange vane mhuri. Yemamongi nguo akanga inopfekwa wechitatu kuti pamusoro chikumbiro.

A mashoko kuvapo Order yakanyorwa yakaitwa 1223 naPapa Honorius retatu. Panguva Nokubvumira Brotherhood Mutsvene Innocent III zvose varume gumi vakamira pamberi pake. Kana kutaurirana akafa. Francis, nharaunda vakaverenga anenge 10,000 vateveri. Vakava zvakawanda gore negore.

Arayire Charter kutaurirana. Frances

Franciscans chata, kubvumirwa muna 1223, yakakamurwa kuva zvitsauko nomwe. Wokutanga kunoda kuchengetwa Vhangeri, kuteerera uye kutsvinda. In wechipiri yakatsanangura ezvinhu anofanira kugutsikana achida kupinda Order. Nokuti ichi novices itsva aifanira kutengesa midziyo uye kupa zvose kuvarombo. Pashure gore rino kuenda jasi, belted pamwe tambo. Tevera zvipfeko aibvumirwa kupfeka chete vakwegura uye mano. Shoes zvinopfekerwa chete kana zvakakodzera.

CHITSAUKO verenga pamusoro kutsanya uye sei kutakura kutenda munyika. mangwanani Franciscans asati verenga "Baba Vedu" 24 nguva, pashure pemaawa mashomanana - 5. Mumwe mana maawa pazuva - kunyange ka7 manheru - 12 usiku - 7. First pambiru aona kubva kupemberera Zuva reVasande Vose kune Christmas . Zvakanga fanira 40-zuva rokutsanya, uye vamwe vakawanda. Charter wairambidza kutongwa, kukakavara uye kutukana kurwa. The Franciscans aifanira kuzvininipisa, kuteerera, rugare, kuzvininipisa, uye zvimwe unhu hwakanaka, hakuiti usakudzwa uye kodzero dzevamwe.

The chitsauko chechina anobata mari. Nhengo Order airambidzwa kutora mari kune pachako kana vamwe. The wechishanu chitsauko inotaura basa. utano nhengo dzese Fraternity aigona kushanda, asi pasi chitsama munamato uye panguva chakaziviswa ichi kupendwa. Nokuti basa pane mari nhengo Order raigona kutorwa chete zvakanga zvakakodzera zvavo zvavaida kana pamapatya. Uye tora chichiwanikwa wakanyengwa nokuzvininipisa uye kuonga, kunyange zviduku duku akawanda.

Chitsauko rechitanhatu iri kuverenga sezvo unorambidza kuba uye mitemo erudo muunganidzwa. Order nhengo dzaiva pasina kunyara uye kunyadziswa kutambira varombo, kubatsira dzimwe nhengo Fraternity, kunyanya vanorwara uye vanorwara.

Chitsauko wechinomwe rinotsanangura marangirwo kuti raiswa vaya vakatadza. Panguva iyoyo aivimba sakaremende.

Muchitsauko rechisere kurondedzera predominating hama, kuti ani zvakanga zvakakodzera kugadzirisa mukubata nyaya dzakakomba. Order of Vashumiri uyewo kuteerera unquestioningly. Rinotsanangura nzira yokugara vafa hama mukuru kana yake kunenge sarudzo nokuda kwechikonzero chakanaka.

Muchitsauko repfumbamwe anotsanangura kurambidzwa kuparidza ari diocese pamusoro Bishop (pasina mvumo yake). It airambidzwa kuita kudaro pasina risati kuongororwa, iyo akapa murayiro. Kuparidza Fraternity nhengo vaifanira kuva nyore, zvakajeka uye aifunga. Mitsara - pfupi, asi zadzwai zvahunoreva pamusoro uipi uye unhu hwakanaka kubwinya quads.

Muchitsauko wechigumi anotsanangura sei kugadzirisa ukurudzire hama, vakapandukira Charter. Kureva vane mamongi vanofanira napaduku kusiyana-siyana mukutenda, hana ine mhaka, uye zvichingodaro. E. Hama vakakurudzira kungwarira kuzvikudza, maturo, negodo, uye zvichingodaro. D. Nhengo Order hazvigoni kudzidziswa kuverenga nokunyora, uye vakanga raibva basa kuratidza uye kuda vavengi vedu uye nyengetererai vaya kugumbura.

A yoga chitsauko (regumi) raiva pamusoro kushanya nunneries. It rakarambidzwa pasina chinokosha mvumo. The Franciscans vaisabvumirwa kuva godfathers. Last, chitsauko nemiviri verenga mvumo, izvo zvinofanira vakagamuchira Order hama kuedza kutendeutsa pakutenda kwevaKristu Saracens uye infidels.

Panoperera ari Charter yoga Tapota cherechedza kuti kudzima kana kushandura mitemo hakubvumidzwi.

Clothing Franciscans

Clothing Franciscans akatanga pamwe St. Francis. Maererano nengano, iye nemaune vaipanana murombo nguo. Francis akatora nguvo dzake nondescript uye kusiya nebhandi rejira belted nokungoti tambo. Kubvira ipapo, mumwe mumongi of Franciscan Order akatanga kupfeka saizvozvo.

Mazita Franciscans

MuEngland vakadaidzwa "hama kuchena", ruvara kubva madhirezi. In France, nhengo Order yainzi "Cordeliers" nokuti pakubhiti nyore tambo. MuGermany, Franciscans vainzi "shangu" kuonga shangu kuti dzaipfekwa mutsoka. KuItaly, vateveri Francis rinonzi "hama."

Order of kukura Franciscan

Franciscans, ane vamiririri vane pikicha munyaya, pashure pokufa wendarama, kutanga akatungamirira John Parenti, ipapo General Iliya Kortonsky, mudzidzi St. Francis. kwokubatana ake uye napedyo kuti mudzidzisi muupenyu hwake zvakabatsira kusimbisa nzvimbo Fraternity. Eria akasikwa zvakajeka kudzora gadziriro, mukuru weboka Order kupinda mumatunhu. Zvikoro Franciscan akazarurwa, muAtlantic kuvakwa temberi dzemamongi.

Zvakatanga pavakwe guru Gothic Basilica Assisi, vachikudza St. Francis. Pesimba Eria akasimbisa ose gore. On kuvakwa uye zvimwe zvirongwa zvaida mari yakawanda. Somugumisiro, dzematunhu mipiro ikawanda. Zvakatanga kuramba kwavo. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti Eria akabviswa utungamiriri Ukama muna 1239

Zvishoma nezvishoma Franciscans pachinzvimbo kutsvakatsvaka akatonyanya hierarchical, vakagara. Zviri munguva upenyu St. havadi. Francis, iye akaramba asina chete Fraternity chitsauko, asi muna 1220 vose vakabva kune utungamiriri munharaunda. Asi sezvo St. Francis aita mhiko hwokuteerera, haana kushora kuchinja kunoitika uchitanga. St. Francis pakupedzisira vakabviswa Brotherhood utungamiri pashure rwendo kuMabvazuva.

Order rokuchinja sisita mamiriro

Paitonga Cortona achipemha Franciscans akatanga delimitated huviri kufamba inokosha iyo nhaka yokukurukurirana. Francis uye ukama hwake kuchengetwa Constitution uye urombo kunonzwisiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Dzimwe nhengo Fraternity vakaedza kutevedzera mitemo Order kuti muvambi, kurarama muurombo uye kuzvininipisa. Vamwe vakatanga kududzira Charter kwavowo.

Muna 1517 Pope Leo kuti Wechigumi kwaitanga kuzivikanwa mapoka maviri akasiyana mune Order of Franciscans. Zvose zvataurwa vakava yakazvimirira. Boka rokutanga rainzi Observants, kureva Minimes hama vanoomerera zvakasimba vose nemitemo St. Francis. Boka rechipiri ainzi konventualami. Vari zvishoma zvakasiyana akadudzira Mirau Order. Muna 1525 hama yacho Franciscans akaumba bazi idzva - capuchin. Vakava kuchinja maitiro pakati Minorites uye Observants. Muna 1528 Clement rechishanu Bazi idzva rakanga kuzivikanwa somunhu yoga ruwadzano. Pakupera yacho XIX remakore. Observants mapoka ose akabatanidza kupinda rimwe, iro akazozivikanwa hurongwa Friars Minor. Pope Leo worusere akapa zita Fraternity "Leonianskaya mubatanidzwa."

Church akashandisa mharidzo kutaurirana. Francis nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo. Somugumisiro, vanhu Brotherhood vakatsigira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kwevanhu. Zvakaitika kuti murayiro wacho kuenda mugwara yechechi. Somugumisiro, sangano pakutanga kwakavakirwa akava yemamongi hurongwa. Franciscans We awana kodzero Raibvunzurudza nezvevanyengeri. Mune zvematongerwo munda, vakatanga kurwa navavengi vanapapa.

The Republic uye Franciscans: Education

Franciscans uye Republic zvakaipa mendicant. Based Fraternity yaive nguva imwecheteyo. Asi zvinangwa zvishoma zvakasiyana. The chikuru basa of Dominican Order aiva kudzidza dzidziso chakadzama. Chinangwa - Kudzidziswa vaparidzi gona. The basa rechipiri - kundorwa manyepo, aitaridzika munyika chokwadi chaMwari.

Muna 1256 iri Franciscans akazvipiwa kodzero kudzidzisa kumayunivhesiti. Somugumisiro pakati Order yose ezvinhu dzidzo rakavambwa bogoslovnogo. Izvi ndozvakaita kuti pave nevafungi mazhinji Ages uye Renaissance. Munguva dzazvino awedzera mumishinari uye tsvakurudzo. Franciscans vazhinji vakatanga kushanda ari nhaka vokuSpain uye East.

Mumwe nhungamiro Franciscan uzivi akanga nechokuita sayenzi yepanyama uye chaiwo. Uye kunyange kusvika kumwero mukuru nepfungwa uye matafizikoy. The mirayiridzo itsva Aimiririrwa University of Oxford. The nyanzvi Franciscans rokutanga aiva Robert Grosseteste. Zvadaro, akava bhishopu.

Robert Grosseteste aiva nyanzvi aikudzwa nguva. Akava mumwe wokutanga vaivhomora tifunge kudiwa kushandisa masvomhu kudzidza zvakasikwa. The yakakurumbira muzvinafundo chakaunza pfungwa pakusikwa chiedza chenyika.

Franciscan Order muna XVIII-XIX emakore

Mugore regumi namasere remakore Franciscans akanga vanenge 1700 dzemamongi nemamongi vanenge makumi maviri nezvishanu. Brotherhood (uye akafanana naye) akanga kubviswa munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope munguva Great uye Bourgeois nokumukirana ari namapfumbamwe remakore. Pakazopera Order yake ikadzoka muSpain uye ipapo kuItaly. Muenzaniso wavo zvakateverwa France, uye ipapo kune dzimwe nyika.

Zvinoitwa Franciscan Order kusvikira 1220

Order akaita akabvumirana zvose mitemo Charter kusvikira 1220 Munguva iyi, vateveri Francis, akapfeka shava yeshinda penguvo musimire namabote nyore, hwashu mutsoka dzake akafamba kuparidza pose.

Brotherhood akaedza kwete chete kuparadzira nevatambi dzechiKristu, asi kuti tizviite, ezvidzidzo. Kuparidza ndichikumbira Franciscans pachavo vakadya stale chaizvo chingwa, kutaura nezvokuzvininipisa, zvokungoti hapana zvokuzviita akateerera kwawakaitwa, uye zvichingodaro. D. The vateveri Order pachayo vakashumira muenzaniso hwokutevera mitemo yakajeka, vakanga fanatically akazvipira pakutenda kwechiKristu.

Franciscans munguva dzazvino

Franciscans nhasi chiripo mumaguta akawanda Russian uye European. Vaiita anofudza, rokubudisa uye omutsa mabasa. The Franciscans akadzidzisa muzvikoro, kushanyira majeri uye dzinochengeterwa vakwegura.

Munguva yedu, nokuti vaprista hama Order inopa rinokosha purogiramu yemamongi yokudzidzisa. Chokutanga, vanobhabhatidzwa kurovedzwa yokunamata uye musayenzi. Inoitwa mumatanho akawanda:

1. Danho rokutanga - uchapupu. Uyu ndomumwe bvunzo gore iro pane vakawanda kujairirana Order. Kuti izvi zvidaro, vaida kurarama nzanga yemamongi.
2. Danho rechipiri - the novitiate. Iyi ndiyo nguva gore rimwe, kana pane kutanga kukwikwidza upenyu hwechitendero. Kugadzirira pfupi mhiko.
3. Wechitatu Danho kunogara kwemakore matanhatu. Munguva iyi musarudzo kudzidza muna uzivi uye zvechitendero. Uyewo varipo uye nezuva gadziriro yomudzimu. Mugore rechishanu raMambo pakudzidza anopiwa mhiko husingaperi, nezuva retanhatu - rokugadza.

Bazi Order munguva dzazvino

Pakutanga, paiva chete wokutanga Franciscan Order, hwaisanganisira chete varume. hama iyi inokamurwa nhasi mu mapazi matatu:

1. Hama (muna 2010 imomo vakanyorwa anenge 15,000 mamongi).
2. Konventual'nykh (4231 mumongi Franciscans).
3. Capuchin (nhamba yevanhu vari bazi ichi - anenge 11 zviuru).

Mhedziso pamusoro mabasa Franciscan Order

Franciscans ikoko mazana masere. Munguva iyi tichishandisa refu sehama akaita mupiro mukuru kwete chete kune kukura chechi, asi kuti tsika nyika. Aifungisisa Order divi zvakakwana simba basa. Order pamwe matavi vanosvika mamongi anenge 30.000 uye zviuru pasi-rechitatu murayiro, vanogara Germany, Italy, USA uye dzimwe nyika dzakawanda.

Vapristi vaFrancis vakaita kubvira pakutanga akatsvaka kunakidzwa. Munguva kuvapo Order zvavakamboona kuparadzana uye pazasi munhu munharaunda. Vazhinji vaiva mitemo kuwedzera kuzviomesera. Muzana XIX remakore paiva neizvi muitiro. Vakapararira munharaunda akatanga coalesce. Izvi zvakaita kuti vakawanda Pope Leo Third. Ndiye vakabatana ose mapoka rimwe - hurongwa Friars Minor.