Yokutonga Yaroslava Mudrogo. Zvakabuda rokutonga Yaroslav Takachenjera

The yokutonga Yaroslava Mudrogo muKiev Rus akanga pakupera wokutanga uye pakutanga mumireniyamu yechipiri (anenge 978-1054 makore.). Iye anonzi mumwe mukuru vatongi Russia kwete chete, asi muna Europe. Yaroslav Mudry mumakore kwake kwakaunza kwavabati vose Kiev itsva ose nyika kukura, nyika yake kwasvika refu azvipire simba rezvematongerwo enyika neechiuto.

Nyaya yacho yakarondedzera ushe Yaroslava Mudrogo. Muchidimbu ataurwa zvinokosha kuti Biography ake uye migumisiro yacho bhodhi.

Rakatanga Grand Duke

Musi chaiwo aberekwa, vanyori venhau dzakaitika, masayendisiti kuramba nharo, zvinyorwa zvakawanda anoratidza kuberekwa gore 978 ndipo. baba vake ndiwo Mubhabhatidzi pamusoro Rus Vladimir Guru, uye mai vake - Polonsky Princess Rogneda Rogvoldovna kuti Prince Vladimir akatora simba. Kubva muchato uyu aiva nevanakomana vatatu.

Maererano yaMakoronike Yaroslav iye akararama upenyu hurefu uye akafa makore 75 okuberekwa. Akava baba vatongi zhinji muEurope. Kutonga Yaroslava Mudrogo First muchidimbu anotaurwa "zvakaedza zvekare Years", rakanyorwa mumongi Nestor.

Rostov Prince

Kutanga vakazvimirira ushe Yaroslav anonzi makore 988 okuberekwa, kana baba vake akamuita sezvo mwana hugota Rostov. The simba chaiyo zvaiva chipangamazano wake, uyo akatora zvose zvisarudzo, vakapiwa muduku zvikuru muchinda.

Historical uchapupu Rostov rokutonga Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo anenge vasiri aripo. Chero zvazvingava, zviri renhoroondo dzamadzimambo nguva hapana panotaurwa pamusoro zvakakosha munhoroondo chokwadi chokuita Rostov hugota. Vazhinji kare vanodavira kuti ushe Prince Yaroslava Mudrogo muna Rostov akaona chidzoke reguta rinonzi riri kukudzwa kwake Yaroslavl. 1010 iri pamutemo gore nheyo dzaro.

Pakutanga ushe

Muna 1010 (1011), vafa mumwe wevanakomana vakuru Grand Duke Vladimir Vysheslav uye zvinopesana netarisiro, mukuru mukoma Yaroslav Svyatopolk, Vladimir Yaroslav akariisa kutonga Novgorod. Tichienzanisa Rostov hugota pamusoro Novgorod izvozvo vaiona yepamusoro, asi Muchinda Novgorod vakakundwa Kiev uye aifanira kumubhadhara mutero.

Kupandukira baba vake

Muna 1014 Yaroslav akaramba kubhadhara mutero kuna Kiev uye anopandukira baba vake. Chikonzero nezvokumukira iri kuswedera pedyo Vladimir kumwanakomana wake muduku, Boris, uye chinangwa kumupa chigaro Kiev. Nechikonzero chimwe chete vakamukira Vladimir mwanakomana mukuru - Svyatopolk. Nokuti ichi, akasvina mujeri uye akaramba ari muutapwa kusvikira pakufa kwababa vake.

Dzokugadzirisa baba vake, Prince Vladimir, Yaroslav anokumbira VaViking, asi hondo inoramba vakaneta uye anorega akapakatira muna Novgorod pachayo pane kutsamwa vanhu Novgorod akarurama. The Prince Vladimir pachake haagoni kupinda muhondo chete nomwanakomana wake, sezvo hugota pamusoro Kiev vanotyisidzira kuzorwisa Pechenegs. Mauto vakaungana kuzorwa Novgorod, akatuma kuhondo vane inowanzorimwa muArabhu. Musoro neuto Boris, sezvo Vladimir panguva ino anova simba uye vakwegura.

Brother pamusoro mukoma

Kunetsana mwanakomana uye baba rinopera norufu Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha July 15, 1015. Asi unotanga kurwisana nomunun'una Svyatopolk uye Jaroslav, nokuti chigaro Kiev. Svyatopolk, zita remadunhurirwa rokuti mhosva vanhu munzira chigaro akauraya vatatu hama dzake.

Kakawanda Yaroslav uye Svyatopolk akatukwa vakasangana ari chinouraya nebope. Muna 1018 zvakaitika hondo yairwirwa. Svyatopolk uye baba vake vari mutemo, wePolish King Boleslaw ari AKASHINGA, zvakare vambotiza Kievan Rus. nguva ino vakakunda Yaroslav, vakadzokera Novgorod uye aida kutizira dzekuma Scandinavia. Zvisinei, muchinda Novgorod akamanikidzwa kuramba pakurwa. Muchirimo 1019 pamusoro River alt Svyatopolk akanga pakupedzisira akakundwa uye vakatiza. Maererano nedzimwe nhoroondo manyuko mumugwagwa kuPoland ndokuwana uye vakauraya mauto Yaroslav. Asi kugara chigaro Kiev Yaroslav hapana kukurumidza, nekuti kodzero yokupa muzukuru wake uye mukoma Mstislav Bryachislav.

Kurwira Kiev

Muna 1019, Yaroslav akaroora kechipiri. Nomusikana wake - Swedish muchindakadzi Ingigerda (mu Orthodoxy Irina). Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mudzimai Yaroslav wokutanga waiva Norwegian, ainzi Anna, iye nehanzvadzi yake muchinda akabatwa ne Poles uye nhapwa kuPoland nokusingaperi. Kubatana Ingigerda vaongorori vakawanda funga enyika danho Yaroslav kubvisa kusagadzikana ukama yeSweden.

Kurwira chigaro Kiev hama kuramba kutakura mberi kusiyanisa kubudirira kusvikira 1026, apo Mstislav haana akakundwa Yaroslav mauto uye akatamira guru iri Chernigov. Prince akapa kugara muKiev, nokuganhura nyika kurapa Dnieper, vachisiya Yaroslav zvose zvakanaka kumahombekombe. rugare chibvumirano chakanga yakasainwa. Asi kunyange kana mwene Kiev choushe, Yaroslav Novgorod haana kusiya kusvikira afa Mstislav, kureva, kusvikira 1035, chivimbo chokuti vanhu Novgorod kumutsigira chero zvodini. Chete pashure pokufa Mstislav muna 1035 akava autocrat Kievan Rus Yaroslav Mudry. Ushe chakatanga maruva nguva Rus.

Kuti tidzivise kutaura kuti Kievan choumambo kubudikidza munun'una wake, akatonga muPskov, Yaroslav Sudislava anosunga mujeri.

Chronology rehondo

Nhoroondo rokutonga Yaroslava Mudrogo rine ndima dzakawanda dzinotaura ruvengo. Heano mamwe acho:

• 1029 - mushandirapamwe kubatsira kuzorwa Mstislav zvirongo, vadzingwe kubva Tmutarakani (zvino Krasnodar);
• 1031 - pfuura pamwe Mstislav Poles, somugumisiro vakanga akakunda guta Przemysl, nehonye;
• 1036 - kukunda pamusoro hondo Pechenegs uye kubudiswa vachirwisa avo Russia yekare;
• 1040 uye 1044 makore - muchiuto Varwisei Lithuania.

Zvakabuda rokutonga Yaroslav vachenjeri. Politics uye hurumende

Innings Grand Duke ane makore 37. Ushe Yaroslava Mudrogo ndiyo nguva kupora weutungamiriri pamusoro Kiev, apo inoti dzakawanda European vakatsvaka zvechiuto uye enyika kubatana naye. Sezvo unyanzvi enyika Yaroslav vachenjeri vaifarira kwechiuto chiito nezvibvumirano. Iye pragmatically kuroora vana vavo gumi uye nedzimwe hama nevatongi European kuti akashanda se National Security zvinangwa. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akanga kubhadhara aizviti wepagore mutero kuna Varangians - 300 Hryvnia yesirivha, waiva kwazvo diki, asi kuchengeta rugare kuchamhembe miganhu.

Zvikuru nokuti simba akaita Yaroslav Mudry. Paitonga yaaipedza kwete nokusimbaradza simba muchiuto, asi upenyu mudziyo rehurumende maererano nemitemo. Kana rakazoshandiswa chechi bylaws uye bumbiro remitemo "Chokwadi Yaroslav", riri vaiona kupfuura kare chikamu muunganidzwa mitemo "Russian Chokwadi" kodzero yekare.

Kuva mumwe murume akadzidza, Jaroslav ane nyaya dzidzo: ataura chikoro wokutanga uye raibhurari. Rokutanga Russia, muraibhurari rakazaruka kwavari muSt Sophia Cathedral.

urongwa hwake chaiva kugadzirisa rimwe nyaya inokosha - kuchinjwa kwesimba. hondo veHurumende, izvo aitambudza pakati vagamuchiri, Vawira nyika mukuparadzwa uye njodzi, simba uye kuita nyore vavengi dzavatorwa. Kazhinji vamhan'ari pamatunhu aritari zvivanakire kuhaya uto mhiri kwemakungwa izvo rampaged uye vakapamba vanhu. Jaroslav sezvo unyanzvi wezvematongerwe enyika, zvirokwazvo ainzwisisa kukosha kuvandudza kuchinjwa kwesimba, asi ichi idambudziko chokuita rufu haina kugadziriswa.

dzechitendero nechirevo

Zvakabuda rokutonga Yaroslav vachenjeri hakungoitwi enyika kuita. Akaita zvakawanda kusimbisa Christianity munyika. Muna 1051 chechi Russian pakupedzisira vasunungurwa pasi pokudzora Constantinople, wokutanga vakazvimiririra kusarudzwa panguva Episcopal Cathedral of Metropolitan Hilarion. Panguva Church rakashandurwa vazhinji mabhuku Byzantine pamusoro tsamba yavo kubva papfuma dzinounzwa mari yakawanda.

Yaroslava Mudrogo pokutonga chawo akacherekedza muzvizhinji dzemamongi uye machechi. Dzemamongi Crypt, St. Irene, St. George vakanga anokudzwa kwete chete chechi asiwo magariro nzvimbo. Muna 1037, basa rokuvaka rakatanga musi yakakurumbira St. Sophia Cathedral, vakazochinja akavigwa zvasara Yaroslav. By hurongwa hwake muna 1036-1037 gg. akavaka yakakurumbira Golden kuGedhi muKiev, uyo ane chirongwa Yaroslav, vaifanira kwairatidzei kufamba muzinda Orthodoxy muna Kievan Rus.