Chii mugwagwa woupenyu rakavharidzirwa Leningrad?

Transport nzira, iyo kwakaitika muHondo Yenyika II mhiri Lake Ladoga, anzi Road reHupenyu. Sezvo mumatsutso 1941 uye muchando 1943 zvainge chete nzira rakavharidzirwa Leningrad ndiro nepaaigona pfupi wenhumbi. Kuti uwane mashoko pamusoro chii munzira youpenyu, uchadzidza kubva ino.

Tanga blockade

The blockade ari gamba guta Leningrad September 8, 1941 akatanga, apo mauto eGermany vakaatsinzina ari encirclement nokutora Shlisselburg. Zviri kuburikidza guta rino akatora isa rokupedzisira nzira kuti chokuita Leningrad pamwe Soviet Union. Naizvozvo, tariro yokupedzisira kuponesa vagari kubva nenzara vakanga chete yechando uye chando kweLake Ladoga.

The vazvo of nenzara rokutanga

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti dura yakanga yakaoma zvikuru wekushandisa zvinhu, uye zvose kugoverwa yenzira dzakavakwa pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda Lake Ladoga. Mumhenderekedzo kwegungwa hazvina vakapakata chero nechiteshi kana chengarava. Asi izvozvo hazvina kumisa murayiro kutanga zvokudya vazvo muna September. Route Road Woupenyu yakaitwa kubva Volkhov muna Novaya Ladoga , uye zvino kuburikidza mvura kusvika yechiedza Osinovets. In paSeptember akauya pano ngarava maviri okutanga pamusoro shop kwaiva matani anopfuura 700 yezviyo furawa. Kubvira ipapo, musi September 12 ndiro zuva pandakatanga kushanda Ladoga mugwagwa upenyu. Asati kwa1941 muguta dzayaura nourombo wanunurwa vanenge 60 zviuru. Matani dzakasiyana-siyana zvinhu uye 33.5 anobviswa zviuru zvevanhu. Hwaro zvinhu zvose yaitakurwa mugwagwa upenyu kwave zvokudya, zvokudya, mafuta uye zvombo. Various umhare zviitiko vakapfuma Kukuru Patriotic War, kukombwa Leningrad nemidziyo Road reUpenyu, zvichida - chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha.

lifeline

Food, mushonga uye zvombo akanga asipo. Dambudziko raiva kusarudza panzira youpenyu (pamusoro chando kupfuura). Mukupera November, uchenjeri Soviet aiva zvachose ubanguranyika kwegungwa uye remangwana mugwagwa, uye musi November 20 kusvika chando pamwe Vaganova Leningrad yaitenukira chitima chokutanga, iyo inotungamirwa refutenendi M. Moores. 350 Sled matani 63 hwakatsetseka yakanga nengarava. Nechekare mangwanani musi November 21, ari mudungwe wemabhazi akasvika panzvimbo, ndiko kururamiswa oparesheni uye akapa murayiro wakajeka kunzwisisa chii mugwagwa upenyu kupa Leningrad.

Zuva rakatevera muguta chakavhara 60 dzakatakura Marori GAZ-AA ( "polutorok") akatumwa, naKaputeni B. Zvikonzera Porchunov. Mugwagwa upenyu muhondo kubasa zvizere chinzvimbo, chete nokuda wechando 360 zviuru matani nhumbi vokutanga zvifambiswe, iyo 260 zviuru - .. zvokudya. Cars, achidzokera yakaoma, iva nechokwadi kuti kufunga muviri wake vanogara guta racho, anobviswa mugore iri blockade kumativi 550 zviuru. Man yokutanga. Nemhaka hurongwa chokufambisa kuti migove zvokudya Leningrad yakawedzera uye vanhu vakava zvishoma nzara.

Danho itsva romugove

Inotevera pavaipfuura wekushandisa musi Lake Ladoga akatanga mukupera May 1942, nhumbi zvikepe zvaitakura zvose nenzira inopfuura mamiriyoni 1 nhumbi, iyo 700 zviuru. Vaiva Leningrad. Kuna Mainland akabviswa 445 zviuru. Vanhu kubva rehurumende vanogara. Mune neizvi mirayiridzo nechemberi kwayo wanunurwa zvinenge 300 zviuru. Military.

42nd zhizha zvaiita kuvaka Mapaipi pamwe pasi Lake Ladoga, izvo akabvumira guta kuwanisa mafuta, uye waya nokuti unopa yemagetsi simba ari Volkhov Hydroelectric yemapurisa.

Sezvo mid-December 1942 kusvika March 1943 akatanga zvakare kuita atova kunozivikanwa mugwagwa upenyu. Panguva iyi, rakachengetedzwa zvifambiswe anopfuura 200 zviuru cargoes siyana uye anobviswa 100 zviuru. Man.

January 18, 1943 zvinangwa, Red Army akapora kubva muvengi Shlisselburg, uye blockade kuti Leningrad akanga akavhuniwa. Pakarepo mushure chiitiko ichi, yakanga yaitwa njanji, iyo akaenda namaguta ose Georgia pasina matambudziko. Gare gare mugwagwa uyu ainzi Victory Road. Asi, pasinei neizvi, Ladoga nzira vakaramba kushanda kusvikira kwokupedzisira vaizoitwazve kukombwa muguta, kureva, kusvikira January 1944.

Description of nzira

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo: "Chii Mararamiro" - hazvibviri pasina tsananguro kwazvo kwaro nzira. It vakatanga kuFinnish kuchiteshi uye nyika atevera pamhenderekedzo Lake Ladoga, uye ipapo zvakananga pamusoro nechando pagungwa. Panyaya iyi, chikuru nzira Road Youpenyu kwakaitika 25 chete makiromita kubva panzvimbo muvengi pamhenderekedzo, kubva apo moto zvinofamba zvingoro. Vatyairi vakaremerwa senga kuramba vakaisa upenyu hwavo pamutanhiko, kutamira pasi moto kubva atirari German uye mhepo simba uye yokuzogumbura kuwira pasi kugungwa chando. Asi, pasinei nezvinetso mumugwagwa ose zuva anomhanya kubva mashanu sere matani cargoes siyana.

Panguva kushandiswa, asi kunozivikanwa mugwagwa paakagadzwa munhu kuziva chokwadi: zvikuru zvinotyisa pachiitwa kufamba pamusoro chando - kwete vachirwisa kubudikidza Ndege German, uye sangano iri resonant nokukurumidza. Panzvimbo ino, chero motokari akaenda pasi aizi panzvimbo maawa mashoma izvi zvisati zvaitika akabata tyazhelogruzheny mudungwe wemabhazi. Naizvozvo, kumhanya kufamba munzvimbo imwe neimwe kwegungwa iri zvachose inodzorwa.

The mberi njodzi Road Youpenyu

Sezvaunoziva, muchirimo 1943, apo rin'i blockade kuti Leningrad yakatyoka, mugwagwa upenyu chikatsiviwa idzva Victory Road, yaiva bazi mutsetse kubva Volkhov kuna Leningrad. Asi chikafu munguva yechando muguta yaipiwa nenzira yekare nzira - mhiri Lake Ladoga.

WWII Leningrad blockade kunyanya vari mutungamiriri mienzaniso uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika zvechokwadi mweya uye mukurumari. Mamiriyoni evanhu vasina yabvuma kuti muvengi, uye akatambudzika dzose nenhamo nematambudziko makore hondo. Chii mugwagwa upenyu? Uyu ndiwo mumwe zhinji zvakapembererwa Soviet vanhu mumakore ehondo.