Ndivanaani Salafis, Sunnis, Shiites, Alawites uye Wahhabis? Musiyano Sunnis uye Salafis

The Islamic nyika ine zvitendero zvakawanda. Mumwe boka rine maonero ayo pamusoro kutenda kwakarurama. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vaMuslim vane njere siyana musimboti chitendero chavo, vari kunetsana. Dzimwe nguva vawane simba guru uye kugumisa kudeurwa kweropa.

Internal nokusawirirana pakati siyana vamiririri venyika wechiMuzirimu, kunyange kupfuura vanhu vezvimwe zvitendero. Kuti tinzwisise kusiyana maonero Islam, zvakafanira kuongorora kuti Salafis, Sunni, Wahhabi, Shia uye Alawites. kunzwisisa kwavo zvainyanya kutenda kunogona kuva chikonzero chavo chokuuraya hama hondo, uchibatsira resonance mune dzakawanda.

Nhoroondo kunetsana

Kuti uzive avo Salafis, Shiites, Sunnis, Alawites, Wahhabis nezvimwe vamiririri Islamic dzematongerwe, unofanira kutsvakawo pakutanga kunetsana.

Mugore 632 BC. e. Muporofita Muhammad akafa. Vateveri vake vakatanga kusarudza ndiani achava akatsiva mutungamiri wavo. Pakutanga, Salafis, Alawites nezvimwewo hazvina asi kuvapo. First akauya Sunnis uye Shiites. Wokutanga vaiona mutsivi muprofita munhu akasarudzwa kuva caliphate. Uye vanhu ava vakanga vari vazhinji. In zviduku zvikuru kwazvo panguva vaimiririra yakasiyana maonero. Shia akatanga kusarudza nomunhu Muhammad pakati pehama dzake. Imam kwavari waiva hama muprofita ainzi Ali. Panguva, vatsigiri maonero vaidaidzwa Shia Ali.

The kunetsana kwakawedzera mugore 680, kana mwanakomana Imam Ali, ainzi Hussein, akaurayiwa Sunnis. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi kuti kunyange nhasi kupesana izvi sei vanhu, zviri pamutemo hurongwa, mhuri uye zvichingodaro. D. Mutongo vepamusoro dziri pasi kushungurudzwa vamiririri wokushora maonero. Naizvozvo, vechiIslam nyika iri kuzvifarira kusvikira nhasi.

Modern Kuparadzana maonero

Sezvo chechipiri pakukura chitendero rugare, Islam pakupedzisira nokuda kwounyanzvi zhinji tumapoka, dzinokura maonero musimboti chitendero. Salafis uye Sunnis, musiyano pakati pavo ichakurukurwa pazasi, dzakatangira yakasiyana nguva. Sunnis dzaimbova inokosha mirayiridzo, uye Salafists akazviratidza zvikuru gare gare. Latest nhasi vaiona zvakawanda mhirizhonga masangano. Nyanzvi dzechitendero dzakawanda nharo kuti Salafi uye Wahhabi maMoziremu MUNOGONA chete chengetedza kukuru. The chidzoke munharaunda zvechitendero chaizvo pamusana ezvitendero Islam.

In huchokwadi kuitika enyika zviri twezvitendero pakati vechiMuslim kunogona kuva chikonzero ne kunetsana kuMabvazuva. Vane wandei mari uye zvinogona kuita chimurenga, achitanga kwayo kwaizoita pamusoro Islamic nyika.

Musiyano Sunnis uye Salafis rakanyatsojeka guru, asi zviri pakutanga kuaona. A Zvakadzika kudzidza nheyo dzavo hunobuda mufananidzo zvakasiyana zvachose. Kurinzwisisa, unofanira kufunga zvinoitwa nomumwe munzvimbo.

Sunnis nezvavanotenda

The Kudeuka (anenge 90% of vaMuslim) iri boka iri Islam Sunnis. Vanotevera nzira muprofita uye kuziva basa guru.

bhuku rechipiri shure Koran chinokosha chart ichi vachida chitendero-Sunnah. Pakutanga, zvirimo vakapfuura achitukwa, uye ipapo wakabudiswa muchimiro hadith. Vateveri nzvimbo dzakadaro chaizvo kuziva izvi manyuko maviri kutenda kwavo. Kana Korani uye Sunnah havana mhinduro chero mubvunzo, vanhu vanobvumirwa kuita chisarudzo pamusoro pfungwa yake.

Sunnis vakasiyana Shia Salafis uye mamwe masangano kusvika kune dudziro hadith. Mune dzimwe nyika zvinotevera zvokudya, inobva upenyu Muporofita muenzaniso, akasvika pakunzwisisa chaidzo musimboti yokururama. Dzimwe nguva, kunyange Kureba ndebvu mukono zvipfeko mashoko zvakanga zvakafanana nhungamiro Sunnah. Ichi musiyano yavo huru.

Sunni, Shia, Salafi uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzine maonero akasiyana pamusoro noukama Allah. Most vaMuslim vanowanzomuitira kudavira kuti omumwe shoko raMwari vanofanira havadi murevereri, saka simba iri kuburikidza sarudzo.

Shiites vavo dzidziso

Kusiyana Sunnis, kuti Shiites vanodavira kuti simba raMwari riri zvaitambidzwa venhaka muporofita. Naizvozvo, vanobvuma mukana dudziro zvokudya zvayo. Unogona chete kuita vanhu vane kodzero iyi inokosha.

Kuwanda Shiites munyika anopa nzira Sunni bazi. Salafis chete muna Islam zvikuru vaishora maonero kududzirwa zvinotisimbisa kutenda rakafanana Shiites. Ekupedzisira vakaziva kodzero muprofita, ndivo vatungamiri boka ravo, kuti vave nevamiririri pakati paMwari navanhu venhaka. Ndivo vakadanwa imams.

Salafis uye Sunnis vanodavira kuti Shiites dzakazviita vanobvumirwa zvisiri pamutemo zvakagadzirwa vari kunzwisisa Sunnah. Saka, maonero avo saka vaishora. Kune mapoka akawanda uye kufamba, vakatsiva nheyo kunzwisisa Shiite chitendero. Izvi zvinosanganisira Alawites, Ismailis, Dzacho, Druze, Shaykhism nevamwe vazhinji.

Izvi chinosiyanisa vaMuslim achitungamirirwa mutambo. Pazuva Ashura, ivo Shiites munyika dzakasiyana vanopedza kuchema chiito. Iri rinorema, mupfungwa chichiitwa, umo vadzidzi vakarova ropa ravo chain uye minondo.

Vamiririri zvose Sunni uye Shiite nzvimbo raiumbwa munhu muzvizhinji vemapoka, izvo kunyange inogona kunzi imwe chitendero. In ose nuances ose zvakaoma kunzwisisa, kunyange apo pedyo kudzidza maonero nerimwe vavimbezve vaMuslim.

Alawites

Salafis uye Alawites vanoonekwa kuvatsva dzechitendero kufamba. Kudivi rimwe, vane nhamba dzemitemo, akadai chechiJudha nzira. Alawite dzakawanda dzechitendero kureva vateveri Shiite dzidziso. Zvisinei, nemhaka anokosha nheyo dzaro vanogona kunzi yoga chitendero. Kufanana ne nharaunda Alawite Shia Muslim rusununguko akaratidza ari maonero ari Korani uye Sunnah mirayiro.

boka iri rechitendero rine nevamwe chinhu, unonzi "takyyya". Kukwanisa kuita netsika nevamwe Alawite dzidziso, apo kuchengetedza pfungwa dzavo yokugezera. Uyu namahwindo boka, umo mune mamwe nhungamiro uye nepfungwa.

Sunni, Shia, Salafi, Alawites vanopikisa mumwe. Izvi zvinoratidza pacharo ari mukuru kana muduku papi. Alawites akadana vanamwari vakawanda, maererano vamiririri okunyanyisa mirayiridzo, vane kukuvadza zvikuru kuti vaMuslim munharaunda kupfuura "infidels."

Chaizvoizvo chinhu chakaparadzana kutenda chitendero. Alawites ikashandiswa kupinda yawo zvinhu Islam uye chiKristu. Vanotenda muna Ali Muhammad uye Salman al-Farsi, apo tikacherechedza Easter, Christmas, kukudza Isa (Jesu), uye vaapostora. In kunamata Alawites anogona kuverenga Evhangeri. Sunnis vanogona kurarama murugare pamwe Alawites. Kusawirirana instigate hasha pfungwa munzanga, akadai Wahhabis.

Salafis

Sunnis kunge zvakapararira zvikuru nzvimbo mukati rechitendero boka ravo izvo ndezvaJehovha ivo vaMuslim yakasiyana chaizvo. Salafis tiri mumwe sangano kwakadaro.

Vakaumba zvinhu maonero avo 9-14 emakore fung. musimboti dzematongerwe yavo inokosha anonzi kutevera mararamiro madzitateguru, uyo akatungamirira akarurama kuvapo.

Munyika, kusanganisira Russia, pane vanenge mamiriyoni 50 Salafis. Havadi kubvuma chero zvakagadzirwa panyaya kududzirwa kutenda. mirayiridzo iyi inonzi chinokosha. Salafis vanotenda muna Mwari mumwe chete, kumutsoropodza dzimwe dzenzvimbo vaMuslim, vachibvumira pachako kuti dudziro Korani uye Sunnah. Mukuona kwavo, kana dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoyera ava isinganzwisisiki munhu, vanofanira vakagamuchirwa muchimiro umo acho rinotaurwa.

In nyika yedu, kuti vaMuslim uyu muitiro, kune vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 20. Chokwadi, Salafis kuRussia zvakare kumusha munharaunda diki. More kuramba Vakamwisa havasi vaKristu uye "infidels" Shiites uye nomukaka zvavo ndokuyerera.

Wahhabis

Mumwe itsva zvataurwa kukuru Wahhabis kuita vechiIslam chitendero. Ivo vari pakutanga peziso akafanana Salafists. Wahhabis kuramba zvakagadzirwa mukutenda, kurwira yokuti kuna Mwari mumwe. Havabvumi zvose kuti akanga asiri chokutanga Islam. Zvisinei, kuti kuzivikanwa pakati Wahhabis ndiko yavo nechisimba mafungiro uye nokunzwisisa kwavo mirayiridzo inokosha vaMuslim.

Izvi yakabuda muzana remakore rechi18. It pobornicheskoe kufamba zvinobva muparidzi Nejad Muhammad Abdel Wahhab. Aida "muzvinatse" Islam kubva zvakagadzirwa. Pasi sirogani ichi, vaironga kumukira, umo vakabatwa vakavakidzana navo nyika oasis pakati Al-Qatif.

Muzana remakore rechi19 zviri Wahhabi sangano vakakundwa hweOttoman Empire. Makore 150 akazotevera, akakwanisa ndimutsidzire dzematongerwe enyika Al Saud Abdelaziiz. Akakunda vavengi vake Central Arabia. Muna 1932 zvakanzi akasika hurumende Saudi Arabia. Kukura yeminda mafuta US mari yakayerera murwizi Wahhabi dzavo.

Mune 70s remakore rapfuura, muhondo iri Afghanistan, zvikoro Salafi dzakatangwa. Ivo vaipfeka yakakura mhando Wahhabi dzidziso. Varwi vanoda nzvimbo idzi, inonzi Mujahideen. Bato iri kazhinji nechokuita ugandanga.

Kusiyana Wahhabi-Sunni Misimboti salafitizma

Kuti tinzwisise kuti Salafis uye Wahhabis, funga pfungwa mitemo yavo huru. Vaongorori vanoti maviri munharaunda idzi rechitendero mukati zvinoreva zvakafanana. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kubva Salafi kufamba takfiritskogo.

Nhasi, chokwadi ndechokuti Salafis hazvibvumi Kududzira itsva pfungwa dzechitendero yekare. Nokutenga yakakura mirayiridzo okukura, vanorasikirwa pfungwa dzavo dzinokosha. Kunyange akavashevedza vaMuslim zvingava Stretch. Nechokuita Islam ndiyo chete kuzivikanwa huru tsime Korani shoko Allah. Vamwe Wahhabis akasiyana zvachose kubva Salafi Sunni. Zvose zvinoenderana ani unorevei namapoka zvakafanana zita. Salafis ndivo vamiririri boka guru Sunni vaMuslim vechokwadi. Regai kunyonganisa pamwechete okunyanyisa tumapoka. Salafis uye Wahhabis, izvo zvakasiyana zvikuru, vane maonero akasiyana panyaya chitendero.

Zvino izvi anorwisana mapoka maviri nomuzvarirwo yakakanganiswa sinonimiziruyut. Wahhabi-Salafi nokuzvidira vakatanga dzinokosha misimboti kutenda yavaigara zvachose Islam zvinhu. Ivo vanoramba rose muviri zivo (goona) pachishandiswa vechiMuslim kubva munguva dzekare. Salafis uye Sunnis, izvo musiyano aripo chete mune dzimwe maonero chitendero, vaipikisa Wahhabis. Kubva ekupedzisira vari maonero akasiyana pamusoro mutemo.

Kutaura zvazviri, Wahhabis vakatsiva Islamic zvose misimboti yekare pamwe itsva, nokusika sharihad wako (dominion chitendero mundima). Havazivi kuremekedza pazvivako, makuva ekare, uye muporofita anonzi murevereri pakati paMwari navanhu, pasina kuva pamberi pavo nevanhu vechiMuslim vose kushamiswa. Maererano Islamic misimboti, jihad haagoni kunzi nokuzvidira.

Wahhabism zvinobvumirwa kururama upenyu, asi pashure kuitwa pakati "rufu vakarurama" (nenyunje pachavo kuuraya "infidels") inosimbiswa nzvimbo kudenga. Islam anoona kuzviuraya chivi rinotyisa kuti zvisingagoni kuregererwa.

Musimboti okunyanyisa maonero

Salafis zvisizvo correlated pamwe Wahhabis. Kunyange zvazvo dzidziso dzavo achiri rinoenderana Sunnis. Asi zviri munyika ano pasi Salafi-Wahhabi akatorwa kureva takfiritov. Kana ukatora mapoka aya kupinda akakuvadza kukosha, unogona kusarudza zvinoverengeka kusiyana.

Salafis, takarasha chaizvoizvo kwavo kwechokwadi, kupatsanura okunyanyisa maonero, funga vamwe zvose sezvo kutenda kurangwa. Salafis vari Sunni nekusiyana, kunyange vaKristu uye vaJudha vanonzi "Vanhu Book," vanozviti vanodavira mangwanani. Vanogona mushandirapamwe kuvapo murunyararo nedzimwe maonero.

Kuti tinzwisise kuti Salafis muna Islam, tinofanira kuteerera chokwadi chimwe chinosiyanisa chipo kubva fundamentalist breakaway tumapoka (iyo, chokwadi, muri Wahhabis).

Sunni Salafis hazvibvumi Kududzira matsva vekare manyuko nokuda Allah. A itsva mapoka kukuru avaramba, kutsiva dzematongerwe wechokwadi zvakanaka kune zvinotaurwa. Inongova nzira kudzora vanhu nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo kuita kunyanya simba.

Izvi hazvisi Islam zvachose. Pashure pezvose, ayo mukuru misimboti, tsika uye zvisaririra vakanga oparadzwa, ndokutsika nekusimba venhema. Asi, mupfungwa vanhu dzakaiswa artificially zvakanaka Mutongo aigona pfungwa uye nemaitiro. Chinhu rinoparadza kuti anoona rakanaka kuuraya vakadzi, vana uye vakwegura.

kukurira ruvengo

Yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora mubvunzo kuti ndiani ari Salafis, zvinganzi vakagumisa kuti kushandisa dzidziso nemafambiro zvechitendero muna mari zvinangwa achitonga vepamusoro zvichikuchidzira hondo uye ropa kurwisana. Panguva ino pane kuchinja simba. Zvisinei, kutenda vanhu havafaniri kuva chikonzero chavo chokuuraya hama kukakavara.

Sezvinoratidzwa nezvakaitika zvakawanda inoti vokuMabvazuva, kuti mushandirapamwe kuvapo norugare kungava nhengo zvose chechiJudha Bazi Islam. Izvi zvinogoneka chete runoenzanirana chinzvimbo nezviremera pachinhu vezvitendero dzematongerwe nerimwe munharaunda. Chero munhu anofanira kukwanisa kuita kutenda kuti iye anoona zvakakodzera, kwete nharo kuti vaitsoropodza - vavengi.

Muenzaniso rugare coexistence pakati vateveri akasiyana kwekuvimba munharaunda vechimoziremu inomirira mhuri yose President reSiriya Bashada Assad. Iye anoti Alawite nzvimbo, asi mudzimai wake ari Sunni. Iye wokupemberera zvose Muslim Sunni Eid al-ADF uye echiKristu Easter.

Nokunyatsodzidza vaMuslim zvechitendero dzematongerwe, zvinokwanisika kunzwisisa zvavo nemashoko, uyo ari Salafis. Kunyange vakasarudza kuziva pamwe Wahhabis, musimboti chitendero ichi yechokwadi kure maonero akadaro ari Islam. Rough kutsiva dzinokosha chitendero Eastern achitonga aigona nheyo yakanaka kunoita kuti intensification yokurwisana pakati nhengo munharaunda zvitendero uye ropa.