Akaita sei mafuta ari mamiriro

Kazhinji kunzi mafuta, "dema goridhe", sezvo kunoita batsiro zvakanaka kuvanhu, uyo unobereka izvozvo. Vazhinji vanonetseka kuti mafuta rakaumbwa uye chii sezvamunoita zvayo. Next, edza kunzwisisa izvozvo.

chikuru zvinoriumba

The mafuta sezvamunoita unotora zvinotevera zvinoriumba:

- yeHydrocarbon. chikamu ichi inokamukana, akavapindurawo, naphthenic, methane uye zvinhu inonhuwirira mhando.

- Asphaltic. Hunokamukana boka date zvinhu uye zvinhu soluble mu peturu. Ndivo vakadanwa asphaltenes. Uyewo, insoluble zvinoriumba (Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti).

- Ash. Izvi zvakasiyana makemikoro kuumbwa panguva combustion mafuta.

ramangwana

chigadzirwa ichi kunouya nenzira mbiri. Kureva, pane musoro uye mafuta akanatswa. Muchiitiko chokutanga rinoreva munhu nenhumbi inopfurwa zvakasikwa. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zviri rinoumbwa zvimedu pamatombo, magasi, mvura uye munyu. Nokuti kuti hurongwa aya hapana zvinobatsira munhu havasi vaburitsi mafuta, uye kukuvara midziyo, kubvisa kwavari rokuchenesa mafuta.

Of akati chicherwa yakabereka mapurasitiki, detergents, pendi, zvinoputika. Diesel mafuta uye peturu anobudiswa kubva mafuta zvakanaka. Kunyange matai anobudiswa kubva chicherwa ichi. Mumwe mafuta anogadzirwa zvimwe zvinodhaka.

Zvisaririra - rakaorera zvinhu. Uye kubva pane izvi, uye simba kutendeuka kunoitika. Kureva, zvemaziso, chafariz, etc. Kana reserves mafuta vaneta, ipapo vanhu vachafanira kutsvaga yake yokutsiva. fuma iyi achatsiva ungangotarisa rehydrogen iri mvura. Asi vanhu ane asi kudzidza kuita simba kubva rehydrogen. To musi, masayendisiti ave kushanda panyaya iyi.

Sei aiva mafuta?

Ngationgororei pfungwa iyi zvizere. Pane dzidziso mbiri sei mafuta aumba. Ivo Pari vane vavengi vavo uye nevatsigiri pakati pemasayendisiti.

Dzidziso № inonzi biogenic 1. Maererano naye, dzidzo, mafuta muitiro akanga akatakurwa kunze siyana Organic zvasara nemhuka pamusoro mamiriyoni emakore. Dzidziso iyi yakatanga kuisa mberi vakakurumbira Russian musayendisiti Mikhail Lomonosov

Human budiriro iri kukura nokukurumidza zvikuru kudarika mwero paumbwe mafuta. Saka asiri renewable dzinongoitika mokuwana. Maererano biogenic pfungwa, mafuta iyerere kubva munguva yemberi iri pedyo. Mamwe masayendisiti kufungidzira kuti pagadzirwe "ndarama dema" achaita pane makore 30 kugara ndikasazovapo.

Chimwe dzidziso zvakawanda Dzinotangazve uye rinopa tariro kambani mafuta rakakura. Kumutumidza Pfungwa isingabatanidzi zvinhu zvipenyu. Muvambi dzidziso iyi yaiva Di Mendeleev. Rimwe zuva, wakati akashanyira Baku, akasangana navo yakakurumbira geologist Germanom Abihom kuti naye vaiita pfungwa dzake pamusoro sei mafuta aumbwa. Abikh akaona kuti vose guru deposits venyika chicherwa ichi dziri kunyanya pedyo makatsemuka uye Kunetsana yacho goko.

Kucherechedza mashoko ichi, Mendeleev akasika yake Pfungwa sei mafuta achiumbwa zvakasikwa. Rinotaura kuti pose mvura, iyo inobatsira zvakadzama cortical pasi kuburikidza makatsemuka, zvaanoita pamwe simbi dzavo carbides. Somugumisiro, Mahydrocarbon aumba. Vakati vachimuka zvishoma nezvishoma pamusoro chete makatsemuka panyika nechepasi. Nokufamba kwenguva, munzvimbo idzi yakabereka munda mafuta. Izvi asingafariri makore anopfuura 10.

Izvi Pfungwa sei mafuta aumba pasi, achipa kodzero dzinobvumira masayendisiti kuti mumatanda venhumbi achava zvinokwana emakore akawanda. Kureva deposits pamusoro chicherwa ichi inogona kudzorerwa, kana munhu ari panguva kugadzirwa chemabhazi. Izvi zvinoitwa ezvinhu nokuramba hwevanhu kukura zvakakwana hazviiti. Imwe tariro kunogara deposits zvitsva. Muna nhasi, tiri kushanda kuziva ichangobva uchapupu hwechokwadi dzidziso Pfungwa isingabatanidzi zvinhu zvipenyu. Rizivikanwe Moscow musayendisiti kwakaratidza kuti kana neshungu kuti madhigirii 400 chero yeHydrocarbon izvo ane chikamu polinaftenovoy, ndipo vakasunungurwa nemafuta yakachena. Uyu chinokosha chokwadi.

mafuta chakagadzirwa

unogona kuwana chigadzirwa ichi murabhoritari. It vakadzidza kuita rokupedzisira remakore. Nei vanhu kusvina mafuta yakadzika pasi pevhu, uye usaswedera kubudikidza kwetunhu? Chokwadi chokuti richava guru musika ukoshi. zvibereko zvayo kunobatsira chaizvo.

The chokuti chigadzirwa ichi vanogona kugamuchira murabhoritari kuzosimbisa apa abiotic dzidziso. It achangobva rinotsigirwa zhinji.

Nokuda kuumba negasi

Chimbofunga, nokuti kuenzanisa, kwakabva zvicherwa. Nzufu zvipenyu, richidonhera pegungwa, vari mumamiriro ezvinhu umo vari kunyange yaora ne oxidation (hapana anenge hapana mhepo uye okisijeni), kana kuitwa tupukanana. Somugumisiro iyo yakaumbwa silty sediments. Nokuda Geological kufamba, vakaburukira makuru pakadzika, chichipinda muura enyika. Over mamiriyoni emakore sediments aya pachena kuti mukuru tembiricha nemiedzo. Somugumisiro, zvakatorera imwe nzira sediments izvi. Kureva kabhoni iri huri sediments, wakapfuurira yeimwe anonzi Mahydrocarbon. Izvi ndizvo nemaloznachimym pakugadzirwa akati fuma.

High samolecular uremu Mahydrocarbon vari emura zvinhu. Kwavo kusika mafuta. Asi pasi samolecular uremu zvinhu zviri Mahydrocarbon gaseous mhando. Zvakasikwa, vakawana vakawanda vavo. Chete negasi inotengwa. Chete ichi zvinoda yepamusoro kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha. Saka, apo mafuta zvikaramba, nguva dzose aripo, uye negasi.

Nokufamba kwenguva, deposits zhinji zvicherwa izvi aenda kune rebei kudzika. Nokuti mamiriyoni emakore ivo makavhara sedimentary matombo.

Kutsunga mitengo mafuta

Funga izvi uye mazwi. At mutengo mafuta ari Kuwanikwa mari yakaenzana nhamba dziripo uye kudiwa. Pane imwe ukama. Ndiko, kana pfungwa rikawira ipapo swatanudza pamwe kudiwa richisimuka mari.

Mutengo mafuta inobvawo pamusoro neramangwana kana zvibvumirano kuti zvinobikwa yakasiyana ndokumwewo. Ichi chinhu chinokosha. The nokukurumidza mafuta mashoko dzimwe nguva zvakanaka kuti kuchinjanisa neramangwana riri wemari indices. Mari chigadzirwa unoratidzwa dzakawanda format. Kureva, muna US madhora por dhiramu. Saka, mutengo kusvika 45,50 musi UKOIL zvinoreva kuti 1 Upfu Brent akati chigadzirwa kunodyira $ 45,50.

Mutengo mafuta - chinhu chinokosha chaizvo paakati nokuda pamusika wemari weRussia. Its ukoshi ine simba guru pamusoro pokumuka munyika. Vakawanda simba pamusoro indekisi ichi kunotemwa nezviri mhando ezvoupfumi kuitika muUnited States. Zvakakosha kuziva mukubata mubvunzo sei mari mafuta aumbwa. To zvinobudirira kufungidzira simba rinomutsa ari pamusika wemari kunoda kudzokorora kukosha zvicherwa mukati imwe nguva (vhiki rimwe), uye kwete chete kuti, chii mutengo nhasi.

mugumisiro

Zvataurwa ine zvizhinji anobatsira mashoko. Pashure pokuverenga ndima iyi, munhu wose anogona kunzwisisa chisarudzo mubvunzo kuti mafuta uye gasi anogadzirwa zvakasikwa.