Apo matatya dzinorara kwenguva refu uye zvavanoita yechando? Kufanana matatya kugadzirira chando?

Paunoverenga kana kunzwa pamusoro amphibians, zvinofadza, sezvo ivo kushivirira tembiricha yakaderera? Somuenzaniso, apo matatya dzinorara kwenguva refu? Pane nzira yokubatsira atasve kunze kuchitonhora uye amphibians kuramba zhinji. Kuchinja chengetedza muviri wavo tembiricha, havana kukwanisa, asi unogona kuchinja zvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. With basa iri kutsungirira datya "kugonesesa". In mhuri imwe neimwe, genus uye mhando amphibians nokuzvidya yakatarwa ayo adaptive kuchinja kuti inobatsira uchatamisa inotonhora iri, chando, kwemvura.

Matatya - vagere madziva uye kunyorova nzvimbo

matatya aya mhuri zoological ndorwevaya murayiro tailless amphibians Amphibians kirasi. Nomunzizi, madziva, madhamu uye marshes pakati dzinodziya vematunhu, nyoro Mafuro, mu minda neminda yemiti anorarama mashoma zvakajairika rudzi kungova mhuri Ranidae (matatya vaivapo), kuti genus Rana (datya):

• L. Lake - R. ridibunda;
• L. dziva - R. lessonae
• L. gura - R. arvalis;
• L. mishonga - R. temporaria.

Kudzidza kubika munhu datya munguva yechando, unofanira kuziva nzvimbo mhando nzvimbo mune dzimwe mwaka. Nokuti zvose ruminant amphibians vanoda miviri mvura, uko kunonosa mazai uye tadpoles kukudziridza.

Features matatya ruminant

Kuberekesana mwaka amphibians vakawanda inotanga muna February-March uye rinovapo kusvikira pakutanga June. Panguva ino, mukono matatya mumvura, kuti ruzha ruzha. Mushure fertilization, mukadzi mumwe nomumwe anogona kuisa zviuru mazai. Ari muchimiro globular masumbu uye RIBBONS ivo kushambira pedyo pasi kana pechiso mudhamu. Eggs pavhiki varipo tadpoles. Full budiriro kutenderera kubva mazai kuti tadpoles kana mukuru anotora inoverengeka. Vamwe vakakwanisa sei zvepabonde vakakura kusvikira gore upenyu rechipiri kana yechitatu. Kuwanda dzakamirira mazai hadzi imwe zvingava 1000 kusvika 12000. hombe Yavo kufa kunyange pamberi tadpole. The mazai uye vechiduku ndivo nyama mhuka dzakawanda hwemvura. Apo matatya uye tadpoles dzinorara kwenguva refu? Pakusarudza pechifukidziro kunoenderana kwemaitiro amphibians izvi.

Mufananidzo datya upenyu

Hwemvura amphibians hadzina kubviswa nzvimbo dzavo rose gore. Land dzinenge nguva dzose kuitwa mune nomumachakwi nzvimbo pedyo madziva uye madhamu, Mafuro uye rwizi mumipata. Dzimwe nguva vanogona kuwanikwa kure mvura - iri misha, Parkland, muminda. Ground datya akatuma reservoirs runonyanya panguva zviri kukonzera. Pashure pakuguma vakuru kusiya madziva uye kuenda kunzvimbo mupfumi kupfuura zvipembenene nezvimwe invertebrates. Muzhizha zvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu zviri rakapa chete usiku "kuvhima." In chitubu uye kwematsutso zviri unotonhorera, saka kuwedzera basa nezuva. Chii chinoita kuti datya munyika chando panyika iri yekudyidzana ipfupi apo mhepo tembiricha? Ine utsinye amphibian anoedza zvakadzama muvhu pasi mashizha, apo kazhinji angadziyirwa.

How kugadzirira chando datya?

amphibians zhinji kuti kurarama mumvura, mujinga pasi ice-kuwana nzvimbo apo vanogona kupedza chando mwaka. Kudeuka datya chando pamvura European, ndezvaJehovha mhando R. ridibunda. Pakugoverwa nzvimbo kwegungwa datya rwakakura - kubva Rhine uye kuti Iran. munhukadzi Muviri 17 masendimita refu, 5 masendimita vanhurume rakapfupika. Vakawanda vari ruvara rwegirini uye mashava ruvara uye makuru dema uye shava makwapa. Pamusoro musana anomhanya munhu zvitsidzo chiedza, uye pamusoro mudumbu pachena zvinoonekwa machena muenzaniso. Lake datya dzose nguva zviri mumvura, kunyange vachigaramo yakadzika kutsanya inoyerera nzizi. Chii chinoita kuti datya muchando? The maitiro emhuka ine utsinye kunoenderana nzvimbo okunze uye okunze. Lake datya anotanga kugadzirira kuhwanda pane mvura tembiricha anenge 6-9 ° C. Mimwe chando snap vakuru uye burrow makadzika yacho tadpoles yl. Nechepasi madziva, nzizi, madziva uye rakadzika vanopedza yechando wose, uye kufema panguva imwecheteyo kubudikidza ganda.

Apo chando matatya kuti vagare panyika?

Land mararamiro muri matatya uswa uye gura (doro). View R. temporaria pamuviri saizi akaderera R. ridibunda. Kureba hazvirevi kupfuudza masendimita 11, pamusoro noruvara shava pamwe rima nokurohwa, mudumbu - a grayish-chena. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana amphibians iri kuchamhembe uye pakati nebhanire Eurasia. How kugadzirira chando panguva datya onshore mararamiro? Pazvinotanga kwematsutso frosts kutanga kutsvaka yatisingaonekwi nzvimbo. Nokuti chando datya suit:

• gomba pamwe mijenya wemashizha;
• mink nemakonzo uye voids muvhu;
• muti chakaora stumps;
• mabwe makuru;
• yakaderera-yakatarwa muti zvanza;
• wedzimba.

How kupedza chando amphibians mhuri kana Hylas Drevesnitsy (Hylidae)?

Datya - duku kadikidiki tailless matatya, kazhinji zvakasvibirira. Yavanogara miti uye pamakwenzi unobatisisa roughness kuti nemakwati suckers netsoka dzavo. Night datya achiburuka pasi kubva miti kutsvaka zvokudya, asi kuti maberekero vanosarudza kuwana accumulations kuti mwando pamihoronga miti, vachiwaridza rosettes ose. Kuhwanda-drevesnits matatya wakasiyana kuhwanda mvura amphibians. By Mararamiro, vanonyatsokurukura senyika mhuri Representatives Ranidae. Rakajairika nechepakati chikamu Russia zvinotevera mhando Hylas: C. vulgaris, C. Asia Minor, K. Far East. In Mumatsutso drevesnitsy burrow kupinda nemarara, akavanda zvanza, burrows that, pasi matombo. Pakatanga yechando coloring Asati anodzima amphibians, muviri wavo unobereka makabhohaidhiretsi akawanda, izvo zvinodzivirira parufu muchando. Spring datya thaws uye anotumirwa kutsvaka nzvimbo kuita kuti pave.

Nei ine utsinye amphibians havafe nechando?

Where inonyangarika panguva yechando matatya vaigara panyika uye mumvura? Pano mhando vari kuwa kuedza zvakadzama muvhu pasi mashizha, apo kazhinji angadziyirwa. Vamwe amphibians arare hope. datya Pamberi kupinda hope muoti, vanofanira kuwana nzvimbo yakakodzera pokurara zvose panyika uye mumvura. Munyaya kutonhora mwedzi, vachiri dzinochengeterwa dzavo, panguva yokuzorora. In hope muoti, zvose pezvakaitwa inokosha mumuviri DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA. The tembiricha munguva yechando pokugara kunogona kuderera kusvikira Sub-razero siyana. Drevesnitsy dzimwe nguva vanoramba mupenyu kunyange pashure kuoma nechando. In basa "antifreeze" ndiwo makabhohaidhiretsi muropa uye urea. Vamiririri dzimwe mhuri dzinogona kuurayiwa chando. With kutanga wokutanga kupisa mukupera yechando uye mangwanani chitubu matatya vari wakaderera, vanotanga kudzokera wavo wenguva upenyu.

Meaning Wetland matatya

Nokuti chando Kushandisa matumba amphibians pasi yl, driftwood, amazambiringa zvirimwa. Ground datya munguva yechando muna dzinodziya mapazi dzinorara kwenguva refu kuwana kunzvimbo ino yakavandika. In uye chirimo, vanoda mvura kuti kubereka. Pashure chando dormancy rikawira inodziya kana, vanoenda kune madhamu uye madziva. Pfungwa kuberekesana, zviri kukonzera uye kugadzira tadpoles ndiyo yakawanda nguva. Vazhinji pano howa kuberekesana mwaka rinotanga mumugwagwa kubva chando munzvimbo kusvika zviri kukonzera nhandare. Sezvineiwo, nhunzvi dzimwe nguva kubatsira varume kuti uchatamisa zvinorema kufamba, vakatakura navo kumisana yavo. Datya kuita kuti pave nenzira mira mvura, achisarudza kuti chinangwa ichi chero dzakakodzera: mumadziva, inoerera uye madziva. Kirasi zita "Amphibians" anoyeuka basa dzinogarisana iyi boka mhuka. In madziva, nzizi, anezvimiti inogarwa mazhinji ezvinhu amphibians. Vakaguta zvipembenene kuti zvinowanika miviri mvura, kuti zvokudya mhuka hombe. Saka, matatya vari chinokosha chikamu yokuchengetera cheni.

Adaptive zvigadziriswe amphibians

Kuona kuti chinoita datya munguva yechando, rinogona nharo: kuchinjira kumamiriro kwezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu kwavari kunokosha chaizvo. nesimba kunyanya makuru siyana kwemarudzi vaigara kuchamhembe chikamu unozvidzora mapazi. kuchinja kuitika mumuviri chando mhando amphibians:

• kunowedzera muropa shuga;
• kuwedzera wevasungwa kuti urea mumuviri;
• Nhengo hurongwa sipidhi kana kurega kushanda;
• Anodzivisawo injini kwebasa ;
• hapana mweya;
• mwoyo haina kurova.

Basa urea ari kwadzakabva masayendisiti anofungidzira kumusoro. Kuwedzera kwaro kugutsikana kunogona kuita se "rukungiso" kupinda ezvinhu kuhwanda. Adaptations muchimiro rugare kwakadzama haina chete kuwanikwa mhuka kuti vanogara musango uye inowanzorimwa zvikamu. Kungofanana matatya dzinorara kwenguva refu muna dzinodziya vematunhu, wana inopisa uye yakaoma mwaka Tropical amphibians. Kune zvakwakanakira nzira iyi youpenyu. Amphibians havafaniri vanopedzera simba kurwisa kutonhora kana kupisa.

Kwete chaizvo, apo ivo overwinter matatya. Zvinenge zvose pashure standstill kuramba uye pakarepo kutanga zvichiberekana.