Thomas Piketty bhuku "Capital ari XXI remakore": musimboti, huru

Sei uye pasi chii mitemo govera guta? Nei vamwe nguva dzose kuramba murombo, apo vamwe - pasinei - vapfumi? Munyori bhuku rakakurumbira "Capital ari XXI remakore" Thomas Piketty akapedza kudzidza kwake uye akasvika zvimwe zvinonakidza mhedziso. Maererano naye, mumakore 1914-1980 musiyano uri pakati sectors munzanga raiva shoma.

kosha kuzvipokanidza

Kurarama muvanhu vemazuva ano ndiko pasi mitemo yayo. Mumwe wavo - wakaenzana kodzero, kureva, kubva zvoupfumi nemaonero, kugona nechokwadi zvakanaka kuva chete nokuda nemano avo pachavo uye nezvishuvo ... Asi Paris School of Economics muzvinafundo Thomas Piketty ( "Capital ari XXI remakore" - rake rinonzi yakanakisisa-kutengesa) anoti inozikanwa pane ukama pakati kwomunhu pachake kubudirira uye mamiriro ezvemari uye mhuri yake zvakatadzisa. Chokwadi, ichi zvinopesana pfungwa mikana yakaenzana.

Kashoma akazviratidza, bhuku hwakonzera ruzha, t. To. Munyori ane naye mibvunzo yakawanda pamusoro yakarurama pamusoro postulates ane musika upfumi. Haaiti haabatanidzi chokwadi Karla Marksa, vaizviti kuparadzwa kusingadzivisiki kuti capitalism.

Ngano uye Reality

Kana ari XIX remakore, hapana akashamiswa kuti boka duku revanhu "pachake nyika", mumamiriro ezvinhu ano, chokwadi ichi chiri kuramba nyaya makakatanwa uye nechokwadi. Countries dzakadai United States, kwakavakirwa kuzivisa yakaenzana kodzero kuti zvizvarwa zvose pasina chaakasiya; zvinoda zvinokosha tsanangudzo musiyano pakati pevapfumi nevarombo.

Kwenguva refu nezvoupfumi angadaro aifunga kuti zvinonyatsorehwa kukura kwoupfumi kunounza kubudirira vose. mabhuku akawanda ( "Capital ari XXI remakore" - zvagara) narrate kuti munhu zvinoitwa utadze uye kubvumira vanhu kuti vawane kusingaenzaniswi dzakakwirira. Uye kuti vanhu hakuchisina vachikurukura uye nhaka pfuma. Zvisinei, kunyange zvinhu zvaanorumbidza zvinoratidza kudaro.

Kana munguva XIX-XX emakore nhamba private guru uye National mari yakanga anenge kuenzana (pasinei nemamiriro - nyika kutanga, zvino maindasitiri pfuma uye, pakupedzisira, ikozvino - Finance), kutanga 70-ies ari XX remakore, wokutanga rikunde. Mumakore 50 apfuura, pakakoromoka kwazvo 600%, kureva. E. The national mari iri 6 nguva shoma pane private guta.

Pane musoro uye zvichinzwisisika? Ndizvozvo. High mari inozviberekera vakadzikama pagore negore; padanho zvoupfumi kukura rakanyatsojeka diki, uye privatization wehurumende zvinhu anogona zvimwe zvinowedzera kukura private guta. In yaimbova USSR ndiye deregulation akabvumira vashoma vemo hunakidze.

nhoroondo mashoko

kukura Economic kwagara kuvatumwa kudzoka musi guru, anoti Thomas Piketty. Capital ari XXI remakore, kwakavakirwa ive nhaka, chete kunowedzera pakakoromoka. Chokwadi kuti pakutanga ari XX remakore 90% rudzi upfumi nazvo 10% yevanhu. The zororo, zvisinei chepfungwa mano uye kuita, hapana pfuma. Somugumisiro, vaifanira kuwana kwete chii.

Kuziviswa wakanyatsojeka mvumo kutora chikamu mune kuvhota uye nedzimwe nokubudirira ane hweruzhinji muvanhu hakuzochinji mitemo kwoupfumi uye wevasungwa dzakavandika guta vari "boka duku revanhu."

Sezvazvakanyorwa zvinganzwika rakaipisisa, asi yaiva hondo mbiri dzenyika uye kudiwa kudzosa akasika isina kumboitika mamiriro ezvinhu apo mari nemari yakanga nechepazasi zvoupfumi kukura. Munguva 1914-1950 zveumwe chete yakawedzera 1-1.5% pagore. Mukuwedzera, pakatanga mberi mitero akabvumira kurera mwero zvoupfumi kukura. Asi guta iri XXI remakore, zvakare anova zvikuru utsanzi uye mumaindasitiri kukura.

kirasi pakati

It ari post-hondo nguva paiva vanonzi kirasi pakati mu Europe. Zvakare, zvakaitika nokuda zveupfumi uye enyika ukapisa murwi, uye kwete mukana wakaenzana. Asi nechido haana kugara kwenguva refu. By 1970 makore mberi vanamazvikokota akanyora kukura itsva upfumi kusaruramisira.

Mubhuku rake "Capital yacho XXI remakore" Thomas Piketty (mubhuku Russian watopiwa rakabudiswa) akati kuti, pasinei chidzoke mukirasi pakati, varombo havana kunzwa zvoupfumi. Musiyano uri pakati sectors munzanga iri kukura.

Zvisinei, sezvo 1980s, rinoti musayendisiti, nhoroondo kuitika vadzoke. Kana makore 60s zvakanga here kuputsa pamusoro zvoupfumi chepiramidhi nokuda nemano avo, kusvikira kumugumo XX remakore, nzira iyi kuvharwa. All pfungwa yake Thomas Piketty anosimbisa nenhamba. Iye anotaura somuenzaniso mari dzevashandi uye paavhareji vashandi mukuru. Kana vekambani yakawedzera kwayo kwemari nokuda 8% pagore, zvose ipapo zororo - 0.5 chete%.

raki

nezvoupfumi American raibva ichi mubayiro kusaruramisira chaiyo unyanzvi, ruzivo, dzidzo uye negoho vemakambani. Zvisinei, mabhuku zvoupfumi inoratidza kuti chokwadi hazvisi. Uye kunyange zvakawanda, padanho muhoro pamusoro-maneja hakunei unhu yayo sarudzo. Pano pane vanonzi Fani kuti "muripo mhanza" kana pasi pokudzora kwokunze zvinhu, kambani iri kukura dynamically, kwaita zvakawedzera bonuses kuti vashandi.

Nhaka kana mari

Capital ari XXI remakore kokutanga munhoroondo yevanhu rwaizowanikwa tichiregeredza yake pfungwa uye kutamburira. uchapupu Ndiyo munyori vakauya kuna proviso hwakadaro mukana aiva chete vanhu vakanga vaponerwa nguva kubva 1910 kusvika 1960.

Kuzadziswa matarenda avo akabvumira vanhu kuti vatende kuti mavambo kusaruramisira (nokudaro hupfumi zvakanaka), inoramba kure kare. Zvisinei, zvichangobva kudzidzwa zvinoratidza pakatarisana: ukuru nhaka guru yekudyidzana kupfuura vakawana muna redistribution mari kubva basa. Kuti asimbise mashoko ake ari munyori anotaura nhamba zvinosanganisira kwete chete zveupfumi asiwo wevanotungamirira zviratidzo.

Bhuku "Capital ari XXI remakore", zvinosuruvarisa hazvikurudziri avo vanotsvaka kuwana pachavo upfumi hwavo. Munyori akadzidza mashoko nokuda matatu emakore okukura nzanga uye vakagumisa kuti kusaruramisira kwoupfumi kwakadaro - ndozvakajairwa yevanhu.