Zvinoitika chikuru. hwaro

Masvomhu mabhuku dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Dry uye zvakajeka mutauro hachishandi havasi nyore kunzwisisa nguva dzose. Uye pane nguva dzose dyidzana nyaya, vzaimovytekayuschie. Nokuti Kugadzirwa musoro zvakafanira kurera nhamba dzokutambura uye dzimwe nguva pafiripi kuburikidza yose bhuku. Kwakaoma? Hongu. Ngatitaurei chivindi circumvent matambudziko aya uye vanoedza kuwana nyaya haisi chaizvo mureza kusvika. We kuiita karwendo imwe mhando muruwa nhamba. Definition Zvisinei, isu vachiri kuramba chete, nokuti mitemo wemasvomhu hazvigoni ndoparara. Saka, vachiri chikuru nhamba - nhamba dzinongoitika, ane nevakawanda divisor akaenzana mumwe. Ko kuti kunzwisisa? Hazvina.

Nokuti muenzaniso zvakajeka, ngatitorei nhamba 6 uye 13. Zvino, uye zvakawanda - tiri divisible nomumwe (nekaupenyu chikuru). Asi nhamba 12 uye 14 - sezvo vakadaro havagoni kuva, nokuti kuwa harisi chete 1, asi pamusoro 2 anotevera nhamba - 21 uye 47 uyewo havana kukodzera muchikwata che "tichishandisa chikuru": vanogona kugoverwa kwete 1 chete, asi uyewo 7.

Kureva nekaupenyu chikuru nhamba se (a, y) = 1.

Tinogona kutaura kunyanya anongoti: akajairika divisor (soro) akaenzana mumwe.
Nei tine zivo yakadaro? Zvikonzero zvakakwana.

Kungoreva chikuru nhamba yaisanganisira zvimwe encryption hurongwa. Avo vanoshanda pamwe Hill Cipher kana Kesari rewriting hurongwa, kunzwisisa kuti pasina ruzivo urwu - kwese. Kana Makanzwa ane anongoitika nhamba jenareta, hazvingaiti kuti angatsunga kuramba: nekaupenyu chikuru nhamba zvinoshandiswa uye ikoko.

Ikozvino ngatitaurei pamusoro sei kuwana izvi nhamba. Kuwanda nyore, sezvo imi munoziva, muve zviviri chete divisors: vachigoverana voga uye mumwe. Uti, 11, 7, 5, 3 - nhamba nyore, asi 9 - kwete, zviri yatova nhamba iri divisible uye 9, uye 3, uye 1.

Uye kana munhu - chikuru nhamba, apo - mu yakatarwa {1, 2, ... uye - 1}, ipapo akavimbisa (a, y) = 1, kana kungoreva chikuru nhamba - a uye Y.

Zviri, asi, kwete kunyange tsanangudzo uye nokudzokorora kana nokupfupikisa chii chave akati.

Kuwana of times zvimwe nomusero Eratosthenes, asi nokuda hunoshamisa nhamba (mabhiriyoni, somuenzaniso), nzira iri kuresa, asi, kusiyana super-wevacheche, izvo dzimwe nguva vanokanganisa, zvikuru hwakavimbika.

Unogona kushanda muchishandisa pakanzi kubva> munhu. Kuti aite izvi, anosarudzwa kuti uwandu pamusoro uye kwete kuparadzaniswa. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, chikuru nhamba zvikawanda pedyo dzinongoitika nhamba uye akawedzera (kana, neimwe nzira, subtracted) ukoshi (somuenzaniso, peji), ndiro shoma kwazvo:

Y = peji + K uye

Kana, somuenzaniso, a = 71, peji = 3, q = 10 Saka, maererano, pachava akaenzana 713. Chimwe zvinobvira selection, pamwe inegumi.

Remubatanidzwa nhamba kusiyana pfupi mukuru, uye mugove, uye 1, uye dzimwe nhamba (uyewo pasina zvasara).

Nemamwe mashoko, dzinongoitika nhamba (kunze chete) akakamurwa chinoumba uye nyore.

Prime nhamba - nhamba rwokuzvarwa, non-sezvisingakoshi (rakasiyana nhamba uye zviyero) vanokamura. Kunyanya chinokosha basa ravo yanhasi ano, nokukurumidza aifamba cryptography, nemhaka iyo dzidziso nhamba, kare ndakafunga Abstract chaizvo kurangwa, yava saizvozvo kwokudiwa: date kudzivirira algorithms vari kuramba vari nani.

The Kudeuka chikuru nhamba akawana chiremba-ophthalmologist Martin Novak, uyo aimbotaurawo racho GIMPS (distributive kadambari) pamwe nedzimwe iyi, vakanga vaverenga vanenge 15 zviuru. Mumakore Masvomhu vakatora makore matanhatu pakureba. maviri nehafu gumi makombiyuta muziso kiriniki Novak dzaibatanidzwa. Mugumisiro titanic basa uye nokutsungirira aiva nhamba 225964951-1, anonyora pamusoro 7,816,230-mu decimals. Nenzira, nhoroondo guru nhamba wanunurwa mwedzi mitanhatu isati buri. Uye pakanga nezviratidzo rezasi hafu.

Isu shasha anoda kuzodana nhamba, apo nguva yose grade "kusvetuka" gumi-millionth mucherechedzo, pane mukana kuti kwete chete mbiri dzemarudzi asiwo $ 100 000. Nenzira, nhamba akakurira millionth yechiitiko inoratidza Nayan Hayratval akagamuchira yakaderera mari (50 000 emadhora).