Nhoroondo mutauro: Russian uyo akazogadzira arufabheti?

"Sei kutanga Kumusha", mumashoko rekare rwiyo uye mweya? Uye inotanga navaduku; rudo mai rurimi, pamwe arufabheti. Tose kubva pauduku wajaira imwe mhando tsamba arufabheti yomutauro wokuRussia. Uye somunhu mutemo, kashoma kufunga: apo uye pasi chii ezvinhu ikoko kunyora, akauya mumwe pamwe arufabheti weRussia? Asi kuvapo uye pakuonekwa tsamba - zvinokosha uye inokosha rinokosha munhoroondo kuibvisa dzose rudzi munyika, zvikaita kuti pave rudzi tsika dzayo uye kuzivikanwa. Dzimwe akarasika ari makore anosundwa maduramazwi mazita creators yakanyorwa vanhu. Asi necheSalvic akapoteredza zvakanga zvisina kudaro. Uye avo vakauya wokuRussia arufabheti, anozivikanwa kusvikira zvino. Hendei, uye tichataura kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pevanhu ava.

Chii arufabheti?

Shoko "arufabheti" rinobva maviri okutanga tsamba echiGiriki tsamba Arifa Beta. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vaGiriki vekare akaisa yakawanda nesimba kuti kukura uye vakapararira kunyora munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope. Ndiani akagadzira arufabheti yokutanga munhoroondo yenyika? Izvi zvaitwa, masayendisiti nharo. Mukuru pfungwa - "ABC" Sumerian, kunoitika munenge zviuru zvishanu apfuura. Mumwe mukuru (anozivikanwa) vaiona bumbiro Chinese uye muEgipita. Kunyora hwapedyo kubva kuswedera kuna zviratidzo, akatendeuka mugomba graphical hurongwa. A kuratidzwa zviratidzo kuva kurira.

Development Rokunyora munhoroondo vanhu haringanzi dzakanaka. Mumutauro vanhu, zvaakanyora kwakaratidza upenyu, upenyu uye ruzivo, nhoroondo uye rengano vatambi. Saka, kuverenga zvekare, masayendisiti ano anogona recreate chii madzitateguru edu akagara.

History of nearufabheti wokuRussia

NecheSalvic kunyora iri, mumwe angati, rakasiyana nemamwe mavambo. Nhoroondo yacho nevanhu vanenge chiuru makore anoramba yakawanda zvakavanzika.

• In dzechihedheni nguva pakati necheSalvic pemarudzi dzaiwanika zvinyorwa raireva Features kana maronda. Notches namazariro dzakaitwa mumuti (chaiwo Tags).
• Pashure kuitwa Vladimir chiKristu (Chokwadi, chiitiko ichi chakaitika kaviri: wokutanga - pamwe Olga, muna 957, wechipiri - pamwe Vladimir, 988) Russia ndisisakwanisi kuita pasina mabhuku zvaidiwa mukunamata (hymnals uye Lives) . Zvisinei, vafundisi Greek havana kutaura Russian. Sezvo doro zvakafanira kutuma yechechi mururimi rwavo uye shanduro yeBhaibheri uye nedzimwe nzvimbo tsvene.
• Kuchinja kunamata muna kwechiSlavonic uye kutarisirwa Kuwanikwa mabhuku, necheSalvic mabhuku mutauro sezvo shanduro mabhuku naMwari anonyadzisira mutauro ose haana zvakatungamirira kuti yakarurama kwemashoko kugutsikana.

Kirill I Mefody

With mazita aya kusikwa arufabheti chakabatana mubvunzo ndiani akazogadzira nearufabheti weRussia. Ngatidzokerei kune IX remakore. Panguva iyoyo (830-906) Moravia Great (Czech nharaunda) aiva mumwe zvikuru nyika dzokuEurope. Uye Byzantium aiva pakati chiKristu. Moravian Prince Rostislav muna 863 zvinoreva Mikaeri Chechitatu, Byzantine mambo panguva, aine chikumbiro yokuita minamato yechitendero mumutauro kwechiSlavonic kusimbisa kukanganiswa Byzantine Christianity mudunhu. Mumazuva iwayo, zvinokosha kuziva, dzeboka akapinda chete mumitauro kuti dzave hwakaratidzwa pamusoro Jesu pamuchinjikwa, chiHebheru, chiLatin uye nechiGiriki.

Byzantine mutongi pakupindura kukokwa akatuma kwaari Rostislav Moravian basa anoumbwa mbiri mamongi, hama, vanakomana paunhu Greek, vaigara saloon (Thessaloniki). Michael (Methodius) uye Constantine (Cyril) uye vanoonekwa pamutemo creators of necheSalvic arufabheti nokuda yesvondo. Iye anonzi mukukudza Chechi Cyril uye akapiwa zita "Cyrillic". Constantine pachake aiva muduku kupfuura Michael, asi kunyange hama vakaziva njere wake uye ukuru zivo. Cyril aiziva mitauro yakawanda uye nyanzvi unyanzvi kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi, uye muchirongwa dzechitendero kutukana nharo, aiva zvinoshamisa murongi. Izvi, maererano masayendisiti akawanda, akamubvumira (pamwe mukoma wake uye vamwe vabatsiri) kubatanidza uye synthesize data, paakasika arufabheti. Asi nhoroondo arufabheti wokuRussia akatanga refu isati Moravian basa. Chikonzero.

Vakauya pamwe arufabheti yeRussia (ABC)

Chokwadi chokuti dzekare vakawana inonakidza chokwadi: asati tichisiya hama ndakasika necheSalvic arufabheti, zvakanaka kujairana kutakura izwi Slavs. Rainzi Glagolitic (akanga patsva pachishandiswa tsamba vane zvinhu Coptic uye vatambi Jewish Greek).

Glagolitic uye Cyrillic?

Masayendisiti kubva kunyika dzakasiyana vavo vazive chokwadi kuti wokutanga kwechiSlavonic arufabheti achiri Glagolitic arufabheti, akasika Cyril achiri 863 muByzantium. Akauya panzvimbo kumbonyanya pfupi. Uye mumwe kwakasiyana yapfuura mumwe, Cyrillic arufabheti yagadzirwa kuBulgaria, gare gare. Uye kusvikira zvino, pane kusawirirana pamusoro vanonzi ichi, hapana mubvunzo, pakona nokugadzirwa nokuda zvayo necheSalvic nhoroondo. Mushure nhoroondo pfupi iri Russian arufabheti (Cyrillic), riri sezvinotevera: muzana remakore rechigumi, panoparadzana mwoyo kuRussia kubva kuBulgaria, uye zvikanyorwa chose Kuda kutamba chinoitwa chete XIV remakore. Mune zvimwe ano chimiro - kubva kumugumo XVI remakore.