Interdisciplinary kutaurirana jogirafi sayenzi vamwe. Communication jogirafi pamwe wefizikisi, kemisitiri, masvomhu, zvipenyu, ikoroji

Hakuna chete oga zvachose kubva mamwe ruzivo nesayenzi. Vose vari pedyo pedyo zvakanyatsobatana mumwe. Basa mudzidzisi upi kana mudzidzisi - napo kuti pachena interdisciplinary ukama. Munyaya ino tichakurukura ukama nzvimbo uye sayenzi vamwe.

Interscience kutaurirana - chii?

Interscience (kana intersubject) kubatana - ndiye ukama pakati munhu nyaya. Zvavakanga chinofanira mudzidzisi (mudzidzisi) uye vadzidzi panguva hwekudzidza. Kuziva ukama izvi inopa kuitwa nani zivo uye kunobatsira kuti rikurumidze zvishandise uchidzidzira. Naizvozvo, mudzidzisi anofanira kuisa pfungwa nyaya iyi iri kudzidza chero sainzi.

Kuziva interdisciplinary kwokubatana - chinokosha pakuvaka zvahunoreva uye yedzidzo gadziriro. Mushure zvose, avo mboni ruzivo kunoita iye pakunzwisisa zvakadzama nezvenyaya uye zvinetso chaizvo nesayenzi.

The sainzi kuti kudzidza hunhu

System Sciences, kudzidza hunhu, rinosanganisira wefizikisi, zvipenyu, nezvenyeredzi, ikoroji, jogirafi uye kemisitiri. Vanewo kunzi dzinongoitika anoranga yesayenzi. Zvichida anokosha nzvimbo pakati pavo ndezvaiye wefizikisi (chaizvoizvo, kunyange rinoreva "zvakasikwa").

The ukama jogirafi vamwe sayenzi kudzidza hunhu iri pachena, nokuti vose - nevakawanda chinhu kudzidza. Asi nei kudzidza anoranga siyana?

The ndechokuti ruzivo zvakasikwa ndiyo chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda chaizvo, chinosanganisira mativi akawanda siyana uye zvinhu. Uye mumwe zvake sainzi kunzwisisa uye kurondedzera kungoti havakwanisi. Ndokusaka kare vakaumba anoranga vanodzidza siyana urongwa, zvinhu uye mananara munyika yakatipoteredza akawanda.

Jogirafi sayenzi vamwe

Zvinofadza kuti kusvika XVII remakore, aiva rakabatana uye coherent sayenzi Pasi. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, kuunganidza ruzivo rutsva, chinhu hunowedzera kunzwisisa uye kusiyaniswa kudzidza kwayo. Nokukurumidza akaputsa kure geography zvipenyu, uye gare gare zvemaumbirwo. Gare gare, mashomanana pasi sayenzi vakava yakazvimirira. Panguva ino, inobva kudzidza siyana zvinoumba nzvimbo yomugariro hamvuropu yakaumbwa uye zvakasimbisa zvaita jogirafi sayenzi vamwe.

Nhasi ari maumbirwo nzvimbo hakurevi anoranga zvakasiyana zvishoma pane makumi mashanu. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane yayo tsvakurudzo nzira. Kazhinji, nzvimbo iri muzvikamu makuru maviri:

1. Physical jogirafi.
2. Socio-upfumi jogirafi.

Zvidzidzo wokutanga dzinongoitika urongwa uye zvinhu, uye wechipiri - ari mananara kuti kuitika munharaunda uye upfumi. Kazhinji kubatana pakati mbiri yakamanikana anoranga kubva muzvikamu zvakasiyana nedzidziso zvirege kurondwa.

Ukuwo, nokuda nzvimbo sciences mumwe ari pedyo chaizvo. Saka, kupfuura revanoshamwaridzana uye "mhuri" nokuti ndiwo:

• Physics;
• bhayoroji;
• ikoroji;
• Math (zvikurukuru geometry);
• nhoroondo;
• upfumi;
• kemesitiri;
• cartography;
• mushonga;
• evanhu;
• demography uye nevamwe.

Uye panguva mharadzano kuti nzvimbo sayenzi vamwe kazhinji anokwanisa kuumba kurangwa zvachose itsva. Saka, somuenzaniso, ipapo geophysics, geochemistry kana mishonga jogirafi.

Physics uye jogirafi: ukama pakati sayenzi

Physics - Kutaura zvazviri, zvakachena sayenzi zvakasikwa. Izwi iri rinowanikwa mabasa wechiGiriki anofunga Aristotle uyo akararama kunyange IV-III art. BC. Ndicho chikonzero kubatana kwakaita nzvimbo uye wefizikisi pedyo chaizvo.

Musimboti mumhepo kumanikidzwa, kuti chidzoke nemhepo kana zviri paumbwe glacial landforms - kuratidza madingindira aya zvose zvakaoma chaizvo, kwete kushandisa mashoko nezivo wefizikisi zvidzidzo. Mune zvimwe zvikoro muitiro kuitisa revatema zvidzidzo, izvo organically rakarukwa wefizikisi uye jogirafi.

Kubatana pakati sayenzi izvi zviviri pachikoro kunobatsira vadzidzi pakunzwisisa zvakadzama pakosi uye concretise ruzivo rwavo. Uyezve, unogona kuva chishandiso inotungamirwa anodzidzisa kufarira panguva schoolboys kuti "pedyo" sayenzi. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mudzidzi akanga asina pakunyatsomuziva pamwe wefizikisi, anogona pakarepo kuwira murudo naye parimwe zvidzidzo geography. Ichi chimwe chinokosha uye kushandisa interdisciplinary kubatana.

Biology uye jogirafi

Communication jogirafi uye zvipenyu, zvichida kupfuura pachena. sayenzi Vose kudzidza hunhu. Ndizvo zvipenyu chinotarisa zvipenyu (zvinomera, mhuka, notumwe uye Micro-zvinenge), uye jogirafi - pamusoro (pamatombo, nzizi, madziva, okunze, etc ...) ayo abiotic zvinoriumba. Asi nokuti ukama pakati vapenyu uye asiri mupenyu zvinoumba zvakasikwa zviri pedyo chaizvo, izvo zvinoreva kuti mashoko uye priori nesayenzi ukama.

Panguva mharadzano zvipenyu uye jogirafi vakaumba kurangwa hutsva - biogeography. The chikuru chinhu kudzidza - biogeocoenoses, iyo pavanenge uye biotic uye abiotic zvinoriumba kwezvakatipoteredza.

sayenzi maviri aya uyewo chinayo nyaya pamusoro Environmental Management. Kuwana mhinduro kodzero jogirafi uye zvipenyu kusimbisa zvavaiita zvose.

Ecology uye Geography

anoranga mbiri idzi chaizvo dyidzana kuitira kuti dzimwe nguva nyaya zvidzidzo zvavo kunyange kuzivikanwa. The dambudziko chero zvakatipoteredza hazvitomboiti pasina panotaurwa chokuita jogirafi.

Zvikurukuru simba chokuita kwezvakatipoteredza chaiko jogirafi. Zvakaguma paumbwe imwe sayenzi zvachose itsva - Environmental Geoscience. Kokutanga ino izwi akasuma Carl Troll mumakore ekuma1930. Zviri misoro vakashandisa chirango kuti vanodzidza chivako, zvivako uye pezvakaitwa kuti atore nzvimbo yevanhu kwezvakatipoteredza, uyewo nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu.

Mumwe kiyi mabasa ari kutsvaga Geo-ikoroji uye kukura Environmental Management miitiro, uyewo tinyatsonzwisisa tarisiro inogona kuenderera mberi nezvevamwe nharaunda kana nenharaunda.

Chemistry uye Geography

Chimwe kuranga sayenzi kirasi echisikigo, ine pedyo ukama nzvimbo - zviri kemisitiri. Zvikurukuru, izvozvo interacts pamwe nzvimbo chaiyo yaiva nevhu uye ivhu nesayenzi.

Pahwaro ukama ava yakabuda uye kukura munda itsva yesayenzi. Ndizvo, pakutanga kwezvose, geochemistry, hydrochemistry, mumhepo kemisitiri uye geochemistry kuti nharaunda. Kudzidza dzimwe nyaya dzose nzvimbo hazvitomboiti pasina kwakakodzera ruzivo wekemisitiri. Chokutanga tiri kutaura pamusoro zvinotevera nyaya:

• kugovera zvine maatomu akafanana zviri goko paNyika;
• makemikari nemamiriro ivhu;
• ari acidity ivhu;
• makemikari anoumba mvura;
• salinity mvura yomugungwa;
• aerosols mumhepo uye dzakavapo;
• yokutama zvinhu zviri lithosphere uye hydrosphere.

The kuitwa mashoko vadzidzi zvichava neveruwa panyaya Integrated zvidzidzo, yakavakirwa mumarabhoritari kana mumakirasi kemisitiri.

Masvomhu uye jogirafi

Ukama pakati masvomhu uye jogirafi, pane pedyo chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, kudzidzisa munhu kushandisa nenzvimbo mepu kana zano yacho pasina kwemasvomhu ruzivo chikuru uye unyanzvi zvinobvira.

Communication wemasvomhu uye jogirafi aonekwe kuvapo vanonzi nenzvimbo zvinangwa. Ndiro basa:

• pane imwe nechokure pamepu;
• kutsunga pakafunuka;
• kuverenga kukwirira pemakomo tembiricha gradients kana kumanikidzwa gradients;
• pamusoro Masvomhu mumwe wevanotungamirira zviratidzo uye zvakafanana.

Uyezve, nzvimbo yavo tsvakurudzo kazhinji anoshandisa kwemasvomhu nzira: Statistical, kuwirirana, nechiedzo, nzira ine Modelling (kusanganisira kombiyuta), uye vamwe. Kana isu kutaura zvoupfumi jogirafi, zvemasvomhu akaona sei zvinogona kunzi kwayo "hafu-hanzvadzi".

Cartography uye Geography

Kubatana pakati izvi anoranga maviri, hapana anofanira kuita zvishoma kupokana. Mushure ose kadhi - ndiwo nzvimbo mutauro. Pasina sayenzi cartography Hazvimboiti.

Pane kunyange nzira chaiyo kutsvakurudza - Mapping. Ari kuwana kodzero ruzivo kuti musayendisiti kubva nemakadhi siyana. Nokudaro, nenzvimbo mepu kubva dzose nzvimbo yacho chigadzirwa iri dzikwanise mashoko anokosha. Izvi tsvakurudzo nzira inoshandiswa muchiitwa zvizhinji zvipenyu, nhoroondo, upfumi, Uwandu Hwevanhu, uye zvichingodaro.

History uye jogirafi

"History ndiyo jogirafi munguva uye jogirafi - inyaya iri nzvimbo." Izvi pfungwa zvikuru yakarurama wakaratidzwa Jean-Zhak Reklyu.

Nhoroondo chokuita chete pamwe evanhu jogirafi (zveupfumi). Saka, muna kudzidza vemo uye upfumi imwe nyika haigoni kufuratira ayo divi nhoroondo. Saka, munhu wechiduku geographer, mumwe priori, vanofanira zvavo kunzwisisa nhoroondo pezvakaitwa kuti kuitika imwe nzvimbo.

Munguva ichangopfuura, pakati masayendisiti pane pfungwa iri zvizere kusangana idzi anoranga maviri. Uye mune mamwe mumayunivhesiti kare dzakatangwa pedyo dzakagadzirirwa "History uye Geography".

Economics uye Geography

Jogirafi uye zvoupfumi zvakare pedyo chaizvo. Kutaura zvazviri, nemhaka nesungano pakati sayenzi iyi miviri ndiyo chidzoke ane kurangwa zvachose itsva rinonzi zvoupfumi jogirafi.

Kana ekonomteorii mubvunzo Chinokosha "chii uye kuti ani kubereka", kuti jogirafi kwoupfumi rine hanya zvikurukuru poruponeso sei uye apo vamwe zvinhu anobudiswa? Uye sayenzi iyi kuedza kutsvaka sei kugadzirwa chigadzirwa hunogadzwa ichi (kunyanya) chikamu nyika kana nharaunda.

Economic jogirafi kwamuka kunyange pakati XVIII remakore. baba vake anogona ave musayendisiti mukuru M. V. Lomonosova, uyo rokuti muna 1751. Pakutanga, jogirafi zveupfumi zvainyatsokonzerwa rairatidza. Zvadaro, muna kutsanangurwa zvayaida raisanganisira dambudziko akkommodasie mauto zvibereko uye urbanization.

To musi, jogirafi zvoupfumi zvinosanganisira wandei indasitiri anoranga. Ivo:

• jogirafi indasitiri;
• kurima;
• senga;
• kwezvivako;
• Tourism;
• jogirafi mabasa.

In mhedziso ...

sayenzi All chokuita mumwe kune mumwe mukuru kana muduku papi. Communication jogirafi sayenzi vamwe zvakare pedyo zvikuru. Kunyanya kana totaura anoranga zvakadai kare, wefizikisi, kemisitiri, zvipenyu, dzezvoupfumi kana ikoroji.

Mumwe nematambudziko mudzidzisi ano - kuziva uye anoratidza interdisciplinary kukurukurirana mudzidzi mienzaniso yakananga. Ichi chinhu zvikuru zvimiso kuvaka yedzidzo hurongwa. Nokuda kunzwisisa zivo zvakananga novimba kunyatsoshanda waro chikumbiro kuti matambudziko dzinobatsira.