Hymenoptera: tsananguro, mifananidzo, chikuru vamiririri uye mamiriro

Tupukanana anogona kuwanikwa pose pose - muguta racho kongiri musango, mumafuro, musango, achinaya mvura, mugwenga uye kunyange pane nguva dzose chando uye chando. Dzimwe nguva hatidi kuziva kuti chakanaka nyika. On panyika inogarwa nemamiriyoni yakasiyana zvipenyu. Munyaya ino, tichakurukura ongorora muudzame, izvo Hymenoptera. Funga subtypes zvose uye mamiriro avo.

Vhuṱanzi

Category Hymenoptera rine 300,000 Sub-mhando nezvipembenene. Mumwe nomumwe wavo ane mbiri mbiri segirazi mapapiro vane masero yakakura chaizvo. The mashizha, vari pamberi, somunhu mutemo, kunopfuura rwemberi. Hymenoptera All yakakamurwa nemararamiro kupinda mhando nhatu: zvikara, utachiona hwacho uye zvipembenene herbivores.

By Hymenoptera zvinosanganisira wasps, nyuchi, bumble nyuchi, masvosve nevamwe. vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti vari kurarama vakaparadzana kwavanogara pane chimwe chete chikuru Tupukanana. Zvinoshamisa, ose mabasa zvavari zvakaenzana anoparadzirwa. Mumwe chikwata vamwe Tupukanana anokonzera imwe chiito. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chikamu ichi rezvipembenene kurarama zvachose mumativi ose enyika.

Mhando Hymenoptera akasiyana zvakasimba zvakakwana. Pane vaviri chete rudzi - uye Symphyta apocrita. Chokutanga ndivo vakanyanya chinyakare Tupukanana kuti unogutiswa makemikari nyaya.

rutoto Features

Hymenoptera hurongwa rezvipembenene dzinoratidzwa mhando Pfungwa pave uriri. Mujuru Somuenzaniso, zvinova wakasiyana rudzi, havana chinhu chakadaro. Mhuri Hymenoptera, sezvinoita mutemo, pane mambokadzi mumwe chete. In yokutanga yezana hwake, iye anoita chimwe chete kuberekesana kutiza, Nehunde urume yose nguva youpenyu, riri makore anenge 10.

The akaunganidzwa urume hadzi anoshandisa nguva kuti isa fotereza mazai, ayo anosimudzirwa dzokubereka nadzo turakiti rake. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti havasi vose oocytes muchangosangana rikurumidze. Vanogona kuvawo kuroorwa kana kaviri yakatarwa okutodza.

Hymenoptera haana baba. Nhengo dzose imwe mhuri fanana yakatarwa okutodza vakawana kubva munhukadzi. Chete mambokadzi pachake ane mbiri yavo nhamba.

STRUCTURAL zvinhu

Sezvo yapfuura isu ndokuti Hymenoptera vane mbiri mbiri mapapiro. Kazhinji, nechemberi refu shure. Pamusoro Hymenoptera iri ndebvu. Mumwe subspecies vane maitiro maumbirwo yavo. nhamba yavo zvichisiyana 2 kusvika 70, uye pamusoro wake ndiwo meso chaizvo kunzwisisa maumbirwo. Zvinoshamisa, vamwe masvosve zvachose kuona. Vanowana kwavo nzira dzavo churu achasiyiwa kunounza Hwema hwema.

Interesting mashoko pamusoro masvosve

Svosve - chiduku Hymenoptera. Uwandu kwemarudzi anopfuura 8000. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti masvosve kupfuura yakafanana murume.

Masvosve haana kudya zvavakanga vakawana. Vachikukumikidzai zvokudya dendere. vanhu vaya vasingadi kuuya, kuuraya zvipembenene. Masvosve dzose stocking kumusoro zvokudya chando. Masikati ivo ndokuatakurira kunze kuti aiyanika, uye usiku vakapinda zvakare. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti masvosve vane tatongerwa ezvinhu okunze, nokuti kuomeswa kukohwa pamberi mvura.

vanhu vashoma vanoziva, asi mumiriri mukuru masayendisiti American vakawana parimwe mahombekombe. svosve muviri yaiva rinopenya. Maererano nenyanzvi, zera yakawanikwa iri makore anenge mamiriyoni 130.. Chakatishamisa masvosve - zvipenyu zviduku chete mupenyu, asi vanhu vanokura mhuka, kureva inda dzemuriwo.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti masvosve vane guru uropi panyika pachinhu muviri wako. Chimwe dzinonakidza chokwadi - zviri kushaya hope. Chakatishamisa sezvairayirwa Hymenoptera svosve haafungi kudikanwa payo.

vanhu vashoma vanoziva, asi mushandi masvosve zvinoenderana 3 years, asi vanhukadzi - kusvika 20. Chinonziwo kuti vanokwanisa kusimudza mutoro kuti runopfuura kwavo uremu kusvikira ka100. Kana svosve afa nomuchetura, iye anogara anowa bedzi kurutivi rworudyi.

bumblebees

Bumblebees - paro Hymenoptera. Vamiririri akasiyana subspecies guru bvudzi riri mumuviri, iyo ine rakajeka ruvara. Bumblebees vakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: mambokadzi, vashandi uye drones. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti izvi havana kukwanisa ruma. Kusiyana wasps, bumblebees kuruma kushandiswa chete kuzvidzivirira.

Zvakaitwa muviri womunhu kuti kuruma nyuchi inoenderana nomumwe ezvinhu. Kakawanda hazvisi ngozi. An sema maitiro kuti nyuchi rumborera iri zvisinganyanyi kuitika. Kazhinji kacho zviri pasi chete 1% wevanhu, uye, sezvo mutemo, ichi chinoitika panguva yechipiri ikaruma.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti vakasiyana nevamwe Hymenoptera, bumblebees regai kubvisa pamusoro kutsvaka zvokudya ekunze akaipa. Vanewo zvikuru chaanofarira zvirimwa. Bumblebees pollinate vari dzisingambosvikiki ruva mbiya, izvo vasiri pasi wasps.

Kusiyana nezvimwe zvipembenene, bumblebees pamusoro muviri tembiricha kuti 20-30 madhigirii, pane zvakatipoteredza. Izvi imhaka yezviri basa pectoral netsandanyama.

Pane kubatsirwa Hymenoptera?

Zvichida, vose vanoziva kuti zvose zvipenyu zviri redu vari interconnected. Mumwe Tupukanana kunounza zvimwe zvakanakira kuti nyika uye wemunhu pachake. No kunze, uye Boka Hymenoptera. Somuenzaniso, masvosve, sezvo tichiziva, kwete chete dzimba pasi pamusoro, asi pasi payo. Nokuda ivhu ichi hunowedzera friable, uye rizere yakawanda okisijeni. Uyewo masvosve gore negore kuparadza akawandisa zvipukanana.

Vauye mako- Hymenoptera - nyuchi, wasps uye mago. Nemhaka zvibereko kubudiswa wavo akasikwa akawandisa zvinodhaka. Somuenzaniso, mishonga yakawanda ane uchi uye namo.

An dzinonakidza chokwadi pamusoro mumiririri Hymenoptera

Muzana XX remakore, yakakurumbira musayendisiti akabata zvinoverengeka tsvakurudzo dzinonakidza. Zvinozivikanwa kuti bumble nyuchi ane panzvimbo diki saizi mapapiro (hama kuti muviri wayo). Scientific computation kureva kwezvinhu -lift ndege. Akawana kuti nyuchi inomhanya vose mitemo aerodynamics uye wefizikisi.

Nhasi, nezvenyaya iyi inoitwa vakawanda kukakavadzana. Masayendisiti akawanda vanoramba pfungwa uye kuratidza kuti nyuchi nhunzi zvakanaka makazviteya. Zvisinei, shanduro idzi hadzisi zvizere.

Hymenoptera uye dzidzo

Sezvo isu akatsanangura kwokutanga, Hymenoptera zvikomborero zvikuru. Pamusoro zviri mamiriro avo uye kushanda udza vadzidzi giredhi 7th pachikoro. Chinangwa - kuratidza sei chinokosha zvipembenene hurongwa Hymenoptera. Grade 7 pashure kuguma chidzidzo vanofanira kuziva STRUCTURAL zviri zvirimwa zvavo muchinangwa muviri womunhu uye hunhu. Ibasa ari mudzidzisi iri kutarisa kuitwa kwemashoko pamusoro Hymenoptera kwapera nguva.

Parasitic ehupfumi. nduru ndege

Kufanana nezvimwe zvipembenene zvakawanda, vamwe subspecies vane Hymenoptera parasitic ehupfumi. Mumwe vamiririri, vane pfuma iyi nduru wasps. Kakawanda, ivo mazai avo pomuouki kana shrub. Chitarisiko chake akafanana nzungu diki. The Tupukanana mazai ayo zvakananga kupinda nemakwati kana mashizha zvinomera. Mune ramangwana, iyo tsotsonya mazana White vanotyora mashoko anokosha pamiti, parasitic pamusoro pavo.

Ihnevmonoidy

Rumwe rudzi parasitic Hymenoptera - ihnevmonoidy. Vamiriri ichi Sub-zvipenyu yakasiyana ruvara uye kukura. Vakadzi ihnevmonoidov vasina akaratidza filamentous ovipositor. Vanogara pamusoro zvimwe zvipembenene jekiseni mumuviri wavo mazai avo.

Vamwe Navahosi ovipositor uzere muchetura. Nemhaka kwakadaro zvinhu kubvisa chirimwa zvipukanana. Mazai mumuviri mumwe zvipembenene mazana tsotsonya. kokutanga iye anodya mafuta deposits akuvara, uye kana hunde yavo yava kuguma, kutanga kudya kunokosha nhengo. Pakazosvika dukutu anotanga kusika munhu nhumbana, sezvo mutemo, munhu anofa.

Chalcid

Chalcid - ndechimwe subspecies ose parasitic Hymenoptera. Vari dzinoratidzwa kumbonyanya diki saizi. Sezvo zvimwe zvipembenene parasitic kuti kurarama mumuviri dzimwe nhengo Chalcid.

Curious chokwadi kuti Chalcid anogona infest kunyange reservoirs. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vamiririri kupfuura yekare parasitic Hymenoptera subspecies vaigara Cretaceous munguva.

Pane akaparadzana subspecies Chalcid - Costa Rican. Vanogona infest kwete chete nemhuka asiwo muvanhu. Zvinozivikanwa kuti murimi muNew England shure nzeve yake akarumwa chiri Tupukanana. Murume akaenda mavhiki maviri zvisingatsungiririki marwadzo uye chema kunzwa kurasikirwa. Mavhiki matatu pashure pokunge arumwa nemudzimai murimi kuti vakaona kuti kubva nzeve yake kukambaira zviduku nezvipembenene. Man nokukurumidza muchipatara. Doctors kunze kuvhiyiwa uye vakabata kwaari nzeve vanopfuura 300 magiramu Chalcid.

Pakati Chalcid pane mhando zviri parasitic chete miti. Vanoita zvokurarama nazvo zvavo galls (growths nzvimbo shizha tishu). vanhu vashoma vanoziva, asi kune subspecies Chalcid, vamiririri izvo mazai avo zvibereko Ficus, izvo chete kutanga kuumba. Pasina Zvipembenene izvi, chirimwa zvaisazova zvinobvira pollinate. Uyewo nemhaka parasitism, unogadza mbeu Ficus.

To muchidimbu

Chinenge Hymenoptera ose zvinoshamisa isu rayo quaintness uye kusiyana. Mumwe mhando ine peculiarities ayo. Munyaya ino, rwatakaratidza chii vari incredible nezvipembenene. Takaona kuti masvosve haana kurara, uye sezvinoita nesu, mhuka dzinovaraidza vari yakura, uye vamwe parasitic Hymenoptera nezvipembenene vanogona kubatsirwa. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vanhu vakawanda nokuzvidzora kuparadza nyika navageremo. We zvakasimba vanokurudzira kwete kukuvadza kuti hunhu hwedu, kwete chete kune Hymenoptera, asiwo vamwe vamiririri fauna of dzinzwe uye havana anyangarika munyika yedu pashure vaviri makore.