Magnetic mananara. Magnetic mananara zvakasikwa

The rinobva kusakarongeka zvinhu - mumwe chinokosha pezvakaitwa inodzora zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa. Zvinoonekwa kuonekwa - iri rinobva mananara. Pakati pavo vane kuNorthern Lights, kuti magineti kukwezvana, rinobva madutu, uye zvichingodaro. D. ivo sei simuka? Chii chakaitika?

remagineti

The rinobva Migumisiro uye zvivako pamwe raireva remagineti. Kuvapo kwavo yave kuzivikanwa kwenguva yakareba. Zvinofungirwa kuti zviuru zvina apfuura, Chinese vakashandisa ruzivo urwu kuti asike nekambasi uye kufamba Naval danidziro. Muperekedzei kuedza uye kuti zvakakomba kudzidza mumuviri rinobva chakajairika vakatanga chete XIX remakore. Mumwe vaongorori wokutanga mumunda uyu kuonekwa Hans Oersted.

Magnetic mananara anogona kuitika zvose nzvimbo uye panyika, uye vanoonekwa chete zvokuti rinobva minda. minda kwakadaro muka kubva dzemagetsi mhosva. Kana mhosva vachiri vakavapoteredza wemagetsi munda. Vakati kufamba - a remagineti.

Kureva, munhu remagineti chakajairika kunoitika pamwe chitarisiko magetsi kana ane rakatumbuka yemagetsi munda. Ndiyo nzvimbo nzvimbo mukati iyo ine simba rinobata magnets a uye rinobva conductors. Ane nhungamiro warwo, uye zvinoderedza sezvo kure kwarwakabva - muitisi.

magnets a

The muviri pakavakirwa remagineti anonzi magineti. Vashoma izvi ndiyo Erekitironi. Kukwezvana of magnets A - yakakurumbira zvakasikwa rinobva aitika: kana ukaisa magnets a maviri pamwe chete, ivo kana kuti kukwezvwa kana kutyiswa achaita. All nyaya panzvimbo dzavo dzine nomumwe. Mumwe magineti ane mapango maviri: nezasi.

Kufanana nematanda dzinga uye kusiyana ndivo nekusiyana, vanokwezvwa. Kana iwe vaiguranye maviri, kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba nematanda haana kuparadzaniswa. Somugumisiro, tinowana magnets a maviri, rimwe nerimwe achava matanda maviri.

Pane zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinhu zvine simba rinonzi magnetic ehupfumi. Izvi zvinosanganisira simbi, cobalt, nickel, simbi, etc. Pakati pavo pane mvura, alloys uye makemikari. Kana magnets A kuti abate magineti pedyo, ivo uye ivo vachava.

Zvinhu zvakadai yakaisvonaka simbi, nyore kuwana pfuma yakadaro, asi nokukurumidza amukanganwira. Other (semuenzaniso, simbi) vari magnetized yakareba, asi vane mugumisiro nguva refu.

magnetization

Takaona kuti simba remagineti ichibudira iri rakaramba kuti mhosva inoramba. Asi worudzii rwokufamba kunogona kuva mubvunzo Somuenzaniso, nhindi simbi anorembera pafiriji? All zvinhu ine maatomu, uye umo nezvimedu vari kutamira.

Mumwe atomu rine yayo remagineti. Asi, mune dzimwe zvinhu, minda izvi tinotungamirirwa randomly kwakasiyana-siyana. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, vakavapoteredza asingadi kuumba guru munda. Kwakadaro zvinhu havagoni kuva magnetized.

In nezvimwe (simbi, cobalt, nickel, simbi) maatomu zvinogona kuvakwa kuti zvose zvichava zvakafanana negwara. Somugumisiro, yakaumbwa akapoteredza yose remagineti uye magnetized muviri.

Zvakaratidza kuti magnetization muviri - arayira iyi muminda maatomu ake. Kutyora murayiro uyu simba zvokugona kumurova nenyundo. Fields maatomu dzinotanga kurongwa kufamba uye vanorasikirwa rinobva zvivako. Zvakafanana chinoitika kana mashoko ari neshungu.

rinobva induction

Magnetic mananara chokuita zvinofamba mhosva. Saka, kumativi nemunhu ane Magetsi remagineti hazvo kunoitika. Asi kungava mumwe nzira akapoteredza? mubvunzo uyu akabvunzwa chinhu Chirungu yefizikisi Maykl Faradey uye vawana Chiitiko kuti rinobva induction.

Akagumisa kuti dzose munda anogona kunyengedza magetsi, uye AC - anozvigona. Current kumbowanikwa namahwindo wedunhu uye simba remagineti inonzi induction. The electromotive simba nokudaro achizosiyana kuenderana velocity munda azara redunhu.

Dzekuvhura Faraday aiva budiriro chaiye uye akauya zvazvakanakira Vagadziri magetsi okugadzira. Pamusana kwaari, zvakakwanisika kugamuchira kutira kubva zvokuimba simba. Act outputted vasayendisiti vakashandisa uye zvaishandiswa umhare dzemagetsi Motors, siyana emagetsi, transformers, etc.

The Earth simba rinonzi magnetic field

Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn uye Uranus ane simba remagineti. Nyika yedu - hapana anosara. In zvavo upenyu taisambonyanya kuzviziva. Hazvina zvaioneka, haana kunaka kana kunhuwidza. Asi Rinobatanidzwa ne rinobva mananara zvakasikwa. Akadai Aurora, madutu rinobva kana magnetoreception mhuka.

Kutaura zvazviri, Earth iri hombe, asi haana simba chaizvo magineti, ine matanda maviri regai uwirirane nenzvimbo. Magnetic mitsetse ichibuda kurutivi rwezasi danda kubva nyika uye tiri chikamu North. Izvi zvinoreva kuti (rwezasi danda inoratidzwa sei kuMadokero yebhuruu - S, uye tsvuku kunoratidza North danda - N) Chaizvoizvo rwezasi danda Nyika ndiyo rwokumusoro danda rimwe magineti.

The remagineti kunosvika mazana makiromita kubva nyika pevhu. Inoshanda sechiratidzo nzvimbo risingaoneki unoratidza simba Galactic uye zuva nemwaranzi. Panguva kudhumhana nemwaranzi nezvimedu ane goko Nyika, uye vazhinji rinobva mananara vari aumba. Ngatimboonai zvikuru nomukurumbira vavo.

rinobva madutu

Nyika yedu iri kunetseka kwazvo zuva. It kwete chete anotipa kupisa uye chiedza, asi chinokurwadzai kwakadaro kusingafadzi rinobva mananara dzakadai semadutu. chitarisiko chavo chokuita nokuwedzera rezuva basa uye kwemasayendisiti kuti atore nzvimbo mukati nyeredzi.

Earth kunoramba uchiumba chekubuda ionized nezvimedu kubva zuva. Vanotanga vari kumhanya 300-1200 km / s, uye vanoonekwa se mhepo kwezuva. Asi nguva nenguva pamusoro nyeredzi pakarepo akabuda vakawanda nezvimedu izvi. Vanoita pamusoro goko paNyika ari kufurira simba uye remagineti kuti-chinja.

Last kwakadaro madutu kazhinji kusvika mazuva matatu. Panguva ino, vamwe vagari yedu vari kuona zvakanaka. Nokufamba munzira goko afungisisa isu nomusoro, kumanikidza uye utera. Over hwose, munhu pavanorwadziwa avhareji semadutu 2,000.

chokuchamhembe

Panewo dzinofadza zvikuru rinobva mananara zvakasikwa - chiedza chokuchamhembe, kana Aurora. Kunoratidza pacharo sezvo skyglow pamwe kukurumidza kuchinja ruvara uye kunoitika zvikurukuru yakakwirira latitudes (67-70 °). Ane simba rezuva basa aona Kupenya uye pasi.

Around 64 makiromita pamusoro matanda zuva mhosva PARTICIPLE miganhu nokuitika kure remagineti. Heano mamwe acho inotumirwa rinobva matanda Nyika, apo ivo anosangana ratinoona magasi, uye nei paine chiedza.

Achine chakarondedzera kunoenderana murwiyo dzedenga yayo sparsity. Red achine kunoitika panguva yakakwirira makiromita 150 kusvika 400. Blue uye mitema Mavara chokuita refu zviri okisijeni uye senitrogen. Ivo kuitika ane kukwira 100 makiromita.

magnetoreception

The inokosha nesayenzi kuti vanodzidza rinobva mananara - Physics. Zvisinei, vamwe vavo kungasanganisira uye zvipenyu. Somuenzaniso, mashoko rinobva aikanganiswa zvipenyu - mano okuona remagineti Pasi.

Izvi rakasiyana chipo ane mhuka dzakawanda, kunyanya dzinotama mhando. Kukwanisa magnetoreception inowanikwa zviremwaremwa, hangaiwa, nenjiva, katsi, nondo, mamwe mabhakitiriya uye zvichingodaro. D. Zvinobatsira mhuka kufamba nzvimbo uye kuwana dzimba dzavo, kure nokuti makumi makiromita.

Kana munhu anoshandisa nekambasi kuti dzidziso, ipapo mhuka chaizvo dzinongoitika Ezvemutauro. Kuziva sei uye nei akunoita magnetoreception, masayendisiti haagoni asi. Asi zvinozivikanwa kuti hangaiwa dzinokwanisa kuwana imba yenyu, kunyange kana vabvise pazviri kwemazana makiromita, nokuvhara panguva shiri mubhokisi rima zvachose. Nenjiva kuwana nzvimbo yechizvarirwo yavo kunyange pashure pamakore.

Nemhaka yake "dzine" mhuka kutotarisira kuputika kwemakomo, kudengenyeka, madutu uye dzimwe njodzi. Vane dzakaonda vanonzwa vibrations ari remagineti, izvo anowedzera kukwanisa zvaichengetedza.