The mwero dissociation kusimba uye simba electrolytes

Shoko rokuti "dissociation" muna Chemistry uye kudzidza nezvezvinhu zvipenyu yokushata ndiwo muitiro makemikari kupinda ions uye radicals. Dissociation - akasiyana chakajairika kushamwaridzana kana recombination, uye zviri reversible. Quantitative uchimutarira of dissociation rinoitwa nevanhu kwakadaro kukosha sezvo mwero dissociation. It ane tsamba rokuti α uye kunozivisa munhu dissociation nezvinoita yunifomu (homogeneous) hurongwa maererano mukana wokuti vanhu vanga: CA ↔ R + A ezvinhu zvakanyatsoenzana. SC - mumwe PARTICIPLE of yokutanga zvinhu, K uye A - wakanaka nezvimedu iyo akaputsa somugumisiro dissociation kurei particulate zvokunyama. Kubva izvo zvinoreva kuti hurongwa zvichabviswa dissociated uye undissociated inoramba. Kana taifunga kuti N mamorekuru Zvaparara uye kwete Zvaparara N mamorekuru, tsika idzi dzinogona kushandiswa uwandu hwazvo dissociation, iro rinowanikwa kuva chikamu: α = N • 100 / N kana chikwata zvikamu zviduku: α = n / N.

Kureva ukuru dissociation ndiyo nhamba dissociated nezvimedu (mamorekuru) homogeneous hurongwa (mhinduro) kutanga uwandu nezvimedu (mamorekuru) munyika (mhinduro). Kana zvinozivikanwa kuti α = 5%, zvinoreva kuti 5 chete kubva 100 mamorekuru kwokutanga mamorekuru zviri muchimiro ions, uye akasara 95 mamorekuru regai anoora. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe fuma α vachatitaka, napo pamusoro makemikari yezvakaita Morekuru, uye pamusoro tembiricha uye pamusoro uwandu zvinhu nenzira homogeneous ino (mhinduro), i.e. yawo yevasungwa. Strong electrolytes, izvo zvinosanganisira zvimwe acids, nezvigadziko uye munyu iri mhinduro zvachose dissociate kupinda ions, nokuda kwechikonzero ichi hadzisi akakodzera kudzidza dissociation rikurumidze. Naizvozvo, nokuti kudzidza vakashandisa simba electrolytes, ivo mamorekuru dissociate kupinda ions vari mhinduro havasi zvachose.

For reversible siyana dissociation dissociation chenguva (kd), iyo inechirevo ezvinhu zvakanyatsoenzana, akatsunga kubudikidza nzira: kd = [K] [A] / [CA]. Sei dhigirii pamusoro dissociation kugara uye vari interconnected, zvinokwanisika kuti funga muenzaniso simba electrolyte. Zvichienderana nemurairo dilution akavaka zvose kufunga: kd = C • α2, apo munenge - wevasungwa chemhinduro (ichi kana = [SC]). Zvinozivikanwa kuti mhinduro vhoriyamu V 1 mol dm3 yakanyauka fuma. In pokuiswa mamiriro wevasungwa ari kutanga zvinhu mamorekuru kungaratidzwa ne: c = [SC] = 1 / V mol / dm3, uye Ion wevasungwa achava: [R] = [A] = 0 / V mol / dm3. Paaizosvika zvakanyatsoenzana tsika dzavo vanochinjwa: [KA] = (1 - α) / V mol / dm3 uye [R] = [A] = α / V mol / dm3, nepo kd = (α / V • α / V) / (1 - α) / V = α2 / (1 - α) • V. Nyaya shoma dissociating electrolytes, kuti dissociation dhigirii (α) iri pedyo razero, uye bhuku agadzirise kungaratidzwa maererano anozivikanwa mumisasa: V = 1 / [SV] = 1 / s. Zvadaro mukana wokuti vanhu vanga anogona kushandurwa: kd = α2 / (1 - α) • V = α2 / (1 - 0) • (1 / s) = α2 • s, uye mokusvinwa mativi pamudzi chikamu chiduku kd / s, zvinokwanisika kuti ngaaverenge mwero dissociation pakati α. mutemo uyu chinonzi kana α iduku zvikuru pane 1.

Nokuti electrolytes simba zvakawanda zvakakodzera izwi ndiwo pachena mwero dissociation. Unowanikwa sezvo nhamba pachena uwandu dissociated PARTICIPLE kuti zvechokwadi kana tsanangudzo yemaitiro isotonic coefficient (yainzi van't Hoff chinhu, uye rinoratidza maitiro wechokwadi ane fuma iri mhinduro): α = (i - 1) / (n - 1). Pano ini - Van't Hoff chinhu, uye N - chitsama anogadzirwa ions. Zvinogadzirisa, kuti mamorekuru Zvaparara zvachose kupinda ions, α ≈ 1, uye kudzikira kuwanda α kuramba uderedze 1. Zvose izvi akatsanangura dzidziso simba electrolytes, iyo inoti kufamba cations uye anions kwakakanganiswa simba electrolyte mamorekuru zvakaomera kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Chokutanga, ions wakakomberedzwa mamorekuru ari polar solvent, ndicho electrostatic kusakarongeka inonzi solvation. Chechipiri, oppositely mhosva cations uye anions iri mhinduro, nokuda kuitwa kukwezvana mauto chimiro neshamwari kana Ion yezvinoita. Associates azviite undissociated mamorekuru.