"Zubatovism" - iri ... chii "Zubatovism" munhau?

rinokosha chaizvo basa reDare "Zubatovism" In nhoroondo Social-Democratic kufamba mu Russia. Chii? Sei zvinobva? Tingave refu yavapo? Ndivo huru nyaya nhatu kuti uchiumba pakuzadzisa echimurenga pfungwa iri ipapo monarchical mamiriro.

Pfungwa yokuti "Zubatovism" zvishoma rinorondedzerwa se Zvakaitwa Tsarist hurumende chokuita basa mubvunzo kuti zvakamuka Russia mukuvamba XX remakore. Rakanga zvainanga kutora hombe negurumwandira vanhu kubva enyika hondo kuzorwa monarchical simba uye exchange sangano iri kuti nokuiswa zvoupfumi zvinodiwa chete kuti hurumende. Vasvika "Zubatovism", chii uye chii ayo chinokonzera? Pairi Ungadzidzei nyaya yedu.

tsananguro

Chokutanga, munofanira kunzwisisa pfungwa. Saka, "Zubatovism" - munhu worudzii hondo kuzorwa tsarist hurumende mumakore 1901-1903. initiator Its vakatanga, oddly zvakakwana, mukuru mapurisa epachivande muguta Moscow SV Zubatov achitsigirwa nezviremera.

Uyezve, "Zubatovism" - a tsamwisa kuedza nehurumende tsarist kuRussia kutsausa vanhu kubva echimurenga hondo kuzorwa autocratic mitemo. Vanhu vakaedza richizoita masangano chakagadzirwa monarchist vashandi '.

Uyewo, "Zubatovism" - iri rinokosha hondo nako Russian Empire akaedza achapwanya kukura kwomudzimu evanhu democrats pamusoro vanoshanda kirasi.

kuonekwa

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, musoro kuchengeteka dhipatimendi eguta Moscow aiva Zubatov Sergey Vasilevich. Yakanga nekuvongwa iye akanga chokufuka uye vakaparadza vazhinji aivapo panguva masangano echimurenga. Muna 1896, vashandi ari mapurisa epachivande akawana mumwe emisasa Social-gutsaruzhinji kumapati, inonzi "Moscow Workers 'Union, hwakasikwa maererano tichibatanidza akawanda yeChina enyika rokutanga.

Somugumisiro kutsvaka akasungwa Varongi Zubatov kutanga akasangana nomumwe kujairika. Chokwadi vose nevasungwa yaigona mapoka mapoka maviri. Mumwe yaiva vakadzidza, kuipandukira, uye mune imwe - vashandi zvavo. Vose makaona kuitika kwavari nenzira dzakasiyana. Saka vakadzidza vaiziva kuti vakaunzwa kune kururamisira. Asi vashandi yaisanzwisisa chii chaizvo zvavari kupomerwa. Vakaona hapana political vavariro nezviito zvavo.

Tanga of Social Democratic sangano

Nzwisisa Zubatov zvose akabatsira mabhuku anokosha. Tinogona kutaura kuti panguva iyi akatanga vawana ariko evanhu-democratic muitiro. Akawana kuti, kubvira 1890s, masangano akawanda vakatanga kushandisa misimboti vamukira German.

Democrats Social German vakakwanisa chokubatanidza kupinda imwe enyika zvinoriumba of Revolution kusvika zvoupfumi zvinodiwa vashandi. dzidziso dzavo akarara pakuti kubudirira zvavanoda, vachakwanisa chete kuburikidza pasocial chimurenga. Vaiva shasha manyepo rwekuita zvakatipoteredza. Chinangwa Social Democrats chaiva kukwezva wayo kuhondo pakati madhorobha proletariat sezvo vanhu vakawanda izvozvo gare gare rakava hondo simba.

Pfungwa Zubatov

Zvaakanga vakadzidza mabhuku chaiwo kuziva ngozi, izvo pachazvo vavatore nenhungamiro zvemagariro gutsaruzhinji, musoro epachivande kunzwisisa chinhu chikuru: vamwe matanho utongi haazorambi kuzadzisa chinhu. Zubatov aiva nechokwadi kuti kuderedze sangano achava zvinogoneka chete kana, kana iwe bvisa zvayo huru zvinoriumba - nokushanda kirasi. Uye kuti vawane ichi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti hurumende chaizvo uno vakatsigira vanhu uye akatsigira kutamburira kwavo zvoupfumi zvido.

Saka, muna April 1898 maererano Zubatovs akanga akaanyora uye ipapo akauya Mukuru wemapurisa D. F. Trepovu vamwe kucherechedza. Zvakanga zvikuru kwemashoko akazara pamusoro purogiramu matanho kuvandudza nekubata zvinhu.

Kwakazotevera katsamba mune mushumo dhesiki naGavhuna-General of Moscow, unova Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich. Zubatov pfungwa aida, uye akapa mvumo kuitisa ngavasununguke mabasa vashandi.

pfungwa

Nepo vakaperekedza Kubvunzurudzwa kuti vasungwa Zubatov akaedza kuratidza kuti hurumende pachayo haisi muvengi wavo, kunyange kana poumambo zvinobvira vabudirire waguta zvose zvavo hupfumi wandei. Asi unofanira kunzwisisa musiyano pakati echimurenga uye anobatwa kirasi kufamba. Muchiitiko chokutanga pane pfungwa nezvido, chinangwa wechipiri mari.

Tsanangudzo iyi Zubatov akabudirira kwayo. Nechokwadi nemashoko ake, vanhu vakatanga yekutsvaga rutsigiro mukati mawo, uye pashure penguva yakati vakagamuchira chikumbiro yokutanga pamusoro pakagadzwa nzanga vashandi.

kunyatsogona

Nokudaro, Russian Empire akatanga kunetseka Social-Democratic Masangano mundima yayo iyo gare gare pakuzivikanwa se "Zubatovism". Muchidimbu inogona seizvi mune ndima shoma.

● Kutsiva Revolutionary pamusoro nedzidziso yemhindumupindu. Kana tanga chokuita vakazvigadzirira pakuputsa nehurumende, wechipiri haashiviriri mhirizhonga zvayo siyana ayo kana mhando.

● Kutsigira zvizere zvikomborero autocracy pamusoro evanhu pabonde. Huru yokuona akaiswa mberi kuti umambo pacharo achiratidza kururamisira, izvozvo nomutorwa zviito zvose chisimba.

● chakasimba kuti chirongwa chose rinoguma apo kodzero kupinda simba simba, kureva. E. Kuchinja kwakaita mutsetse uyu zvisingagamuchirwi nehanya. kuchinja zvose munyika vanofanira kuuya kubva kuhurumende, uye chete kuburikidza nawo.

● An tsananguro aripo musiyano pakati echimurenga uye nemugwagwa mubatanidzwa sangano. The inotaura yokutanga pamwe chisimba kuchinja zvidzidzo zvose, uye wechipiri - chete ake kunakira.

motokari budiriro

Muchirimo 1901 pamwe mvumo Mukuru wemapurisa Trepov boka Moscow kurovedzera akasika "Society of yakawiriranwa kushanda zvokuimba kugadzirwa." Zubatov ndakavapa rinokosha kabhuku. Vakataura pamusoro nenyanzvi vashandi kufamba.

Mukuwedzera, mugore iroro muMoscow akatanga kubata hurukuro kuvanhu, uyo aifarira mukurumbira zvikuru. Misangano All yaiitirwa pasi pokudzora Zubatov nevasori vaiziva zvose kuitika muguta.

Panguva ino, pane chinokosha Council of Workers akasikwa, izvo anogamuchira zvichemo kubva vanhu uyewo kudzivirira zvavanoda kana ipi kuedza vanetswe Vagadziri. Saka, Trepov pamwe Zubatovs akatsigira Council. Uyezve, ivo berekai kumanikidza Vagadziri. Mugumisiro basa ravo rakarongwa pamusoro sirika manufactory wavanozvisunga urwo rwakatora mwedzi wose.

Kubudirira kwakadaro akanga atiza kubva Company, iyo anodzivirira zvinodiwa vashandi, akatanga kuva ngano zvechokwadi unhu. Zvadaro Zubatov kufamba kwakaita kutonetsa kuvapo zvemagariro democratic manyepo muMoscow.

kubviswa

Pakutanga, mabasa Company vave aibudirira, vazhinji vashandi aipinda misangano iyi. Asi 1902 Social Democrats vakaziva ngozi Zubatov kufamba. Ivo kuparadzira runyerekupe kuti kambani - chiri mapurisa musungo, vakasikwa bedzi chinangwa - kuziva vanhu vari vasingagutsikane umambo. Vashandi, uyo collaborated pamwe Zubatovs, vakagamuchira chinzvimbo vavengi, "Zubatovism" - tsanangudzo "kudenhwa".

Social Democrats anoparadzirwa kwakaratidza kuti chaizvo, uye boka idzva rave vazvidzisa. Zvino muzvinafundo vakaramba kutsoropodza pamisangano, sezvo vakayambirwa kuti kana ivo kubvuma kuti pilloried.

Muchirimo 1903 vakatanga uremu akarova kumaodzanyemba kwenyika, achiperekedzwa enyika mienzanisiro. The pamasimba Social Democrats yaikurumidza kusimbiswa. Muzhizha iroro, sefungu mienzaniso yasvika uye Odessa. The mhirizhonga akatora chikamu uye "Zubatovites".

Tikafunga kuwedzera parinouya uye kusagutsikana fekitari masimba chipingaidzo ukama hwavo vashandi, hurumende yakasarudza kusiya mitemo yayo. Somugumisiro, muzhizha 1903 zvose Zubatov sangano havasisipo. Pacharwo ari initiator kufamba iyi ambomiswa basa uye nokukurumidza akatumirwa kuutapwa.

Saka chii chinonzi "Zubatovism" munhau? Ndiwo mutemo kunzi mapurisa gutsaruzhinji. chikuru Chinangwa chacho chaiva kuchera vashandi 'rezvematongerwe enyika, nokusika masangano pamutemo vachirwira chete nokuda kubudirira zvoupfumi zvavanosarudza. Uye kunze, "Zubatovism" - zviri chete inoratidza kuti adzivirire vanhu pasi wakaoma kudzora zviremera uye mapurisa.