Pfupi hondo munyika. Britain-Zanzibar War: zvinokonzera uye zvabuda

Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, rwezasi-kumabvazuva kweAfrica kuti dzeIndian Ocean hwedzinza akatonga sultanate pakati Oman. Rikabudirira imwe nyika duku tichiregeredza basa vagotengeseranamo dzenzou, nezvinonhuwira uye varanda. Kuti vave nechokwadi kumusika risina kumiswa, zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti pamwe masimba European. Kare, England, vakakunda kwokutanga pagungwa nzvimbo uye nyuchi Africa, akatanga kushanda zvakasimba kuramba mutemo pamusoro Sultanate pakati Oman. At nechokugedhi British mumiriri Zanzibar Sultanate pamusoro Oman navamwe uye kuzvimirira, kunyange zviri pamutemo nehurumende haana pasi British protectorate. Kashoma kuti nyika iyi duku anotaurwa mumapeji mabhuku, kana kwakaitika pamusoro munharaunda yayo reuto kukonana haana kupinda yenhau nhoroondo sezvo pfupi hondo munyika.

Enyika mamiriro isati hondo

Mugore regumi namasere remakore mupfumi ivhu African akatanga kuratidza kufarira munyika dzakasiyana. Germany, zvakare, hazvisiyiwi panze uye vakatengwa munyika kuEast Africa. Asi iye aida kuenda kugungwa. Naizvozvo, vanhu vokuGermany vakapinda risi sungano mumhenderekedzo yegungwa chikamu Sultanate pakati Zanzibar pamwechete nomubati Hamad remarara Thuwaini pakati Zanzibar. Panguva iyo Sultan aisada kurasikirwa uye nzvimbo British. Kana zvido Britain uye Germany akatanga piringisha, kuitika Sultan akafa pakarepo. Direct venhaka wakange, uye yake kodzero choumambo, vakati yake Khalid ibn Bargash.

Akakurumidza vakaronga nevapanduki uye akatora musoro Sultan. Kumhanya uye kufambisa nezviito, izvo rwaiitwa zvakafanira zvose chokungoitawo uye kufamba, uyewo kufirwa zvisingazivikanwi kunokonzera Hamad remarara Thuwaini pamusoro Zanzibar anopa chikonzero kuti tisafunge kuti kwave inobudirira kuedza pamusoro Sultan. Khalid ibn Bargash rutsigiro yakapiwa Germany. Asi kwete UK mitemo vakanga saka kurasikirwa nyore ndima. havana ndezvaJehovha kunyange kana pamutemo kwaari uye. mumiriri British vakarayira kuti Khalid ibn Bargash murege nepakudiwa Hamouda remarara Muhammad - mumwe munin'ina wemufi Sultan. Zvisinei, yekuzviriritira uye rutsigiro kubva kuGermany, Khalid ibn Bargash akaramba kuita kudaro.

kokupedzisira

Hamad remarara Thuwaini pamusoro Zanzibar akafira August wa25. Nechekare musi waAugust 26 pasina kunonoka nyaya nokusingaperi, Britain akabvunza kuchinja Sultan. Britain haisi chete vakaramba kubvuma kubvuta masimba, akanga asiri kuenda vanobvuma kunyange. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanga wakagadzwa yakaoma chimiro: kusvikira 9 ndiri mangwana (27 August) aifanira kudzikiswa mireza t pamusoro Sultan yamambo, zvombo hondo uye chinhu pamusoro masimba ehurumende. Zvikasadaro pamutemo kuende pasi Anglo-Zanzibar War.

Zuva rakatevera, awa isati donongodzo nguva, mumiririri wenyika Sultan akasvika British Embassy. Akakumbira musangano pamwe Ambassador Basil Cave. The mumiriri akaramba kundosangana, achiti kuti chero zvose zvinodiwa UK haangavi kugutsikana upi Nhaurirano haangazozarurirwi mubvunzo.

The mauto ehondo vemapato

Panguva ino, Khalid ibn Bargash akanga atova navarwi 2800. Uyezve, akashongedza zvombo mashomanana varanda zana kuti vakanga anorinda Sultan yamambo, akarayira kuti pasvika vanhu vaviri 12-pounder kanoni uye Gatling pfuti (rudzi asi chinyakare pfuti pachigadziko chemwenje pamwe mavhiri makuru). On Zanzibar hondo kwakaitawo akanga akawanda zvigwagwagwa, 2 chikepe uye chikepe "Glasgow".

On the British divi paiva varwi 900, 150 Marines warships maduku matatu, kushandiswa kurwa pedyo nemhenderekedzo, uye vaviri sevatsvaki vemapuranga vakapakata cannons.

Achiziva ukuru yomuvengi simba moto, Khalid ibn Bargash achiri nechokwadi chokuti British haana kuedza kutora uto chiito. History rinyerere nezvokuti Sultan zvavimbiswa mumiriri mutsva German, asi mimwe zviito zvinoratidza kuti Khalid ibn Bargash akanga zvachose nechokwadi kwake nokutsigira.

Raitika ruvengo

Zvikepe British akatanga kugara vachirwa nzvimbo. Vakakomberedza rimwe kuzvidzivirira Zanzibar chikepe, raiparadzanisa nayo kubva yegungwa. On pepuranga rimwe chinhambwe kurova kubaya yakanga yacht, nomusi mumwe - the Sultan raMwari Palace. Wachi iri ticking okupedzisira maminitsi isati yakatarwa. At chaizvo 9 am kutanga, pfupi hondo munyika. Kurovedzwa Gunners vakapfura pasi nyore Zanzibar pfuti uye akaramba yakarongeka bombardment yamambo.

Achipindura "Glasgow" akazarura moto pamusoro ngarawa British. Asi nyore webasa asina mukana vari kunetsana pamwe izvi bristling pfuti uto mastodon. Wokutanga volley akatuma chikepe pasi. Zanzibaris akakurumidza kutura mureza wake uye British vakwasvi vakamhanyira lifeboats tonotora usina vavengi vavo, achiponesa kubva zvimwe rufu.

kusarenda

Asi yamambo mureza flagpole richiri Virtual. Nokuti mushure kwakanga kusina kuruboshwe. Usamirira vatsigire Sultan akamusiya pakati wokutanga. achizviita hondo yake akanga chaiyo kushingaira mukukunda kwakanga zvakasiyana. Kunyanya kuti bhomba anoshongwa kubva mungarava mowed pasi vanhu sezvinoita akaibva kukohwa. Zvivako vakapisa emapuranga rakakunda kwese nokutya uye nokutya. A moto zvisina akamira.

Maererano nemitemo hondo, akasimudzira mureza anonongedzera Kurambwa mapfumo. Saka, anoita vakaurayira pasi ari Sultan Palace akaramba kudurura moto. Pakupedzisira mumwe anoshongwa yacho zvakananga mureza padanda uye vakamukanda. Angokandwa, Admiral Rawlings akarayira kupururudza moto.

Kuti hondo dzakapfuura pakati Zanzibar uye Britain

Yokutanga salvo rwakaitwa 9 am. Order of vanorega-moto yakarira pa 9:38. Pashure paizvozvo, Britain mauto vakakurumidza dzatora matongo yamambo, pasina kusangana vairamba. Saka, pfupi hondo munyika dzakapfuura matatu nemasere chete kwemaminitsi. Asi kubva ichi haina kuva kupfuura munyoro. In makumi mashomanene maminitsi, kuuraya vanhu 570. mapato ose kuna Zanzibar. mukuru chete gunboat "Blackbird" akakuvadzwa pakati British. Uyewo panguva iyi pfupi nhimbe Zanzibar sultanate akarasikirwa dzose nezvikepe zviduku, zvinosanganisira chimwe chikepe uye vaviri ngarava.

Salvation yanyadziswa Sultan

Khalid ibn Bargash, uyo akatiza pakutanga ruvengo wakawanei utiziro German Embassy. The Sultan itsva pakarepo akarayira wake asungwa, uye varwi British Makaisa wachi basa pedyo nesuo rekupinda. A mwedzi akapfuura. The British haana kuda kurega yaro yepakutanga rakakombwa. Uye vokuGermany vakanga kushandisa nemanomano Wandinyengedzerei kutora murume wake kunze kwenyika.

Tiine "Orlan" akasvika pachiteshi Zanzibar ngarawa German waibvisa igwa, uye vafambisi pamafudzi vakauya naye kuna rekupinda. Pane chikepe akaisa Khalid ibn Bargash saizvozvo amutuma mungarava, "Orlan". In mutemo dzakawanda waiti muchikepe, pamwe chikepe, zviri pamutemo vaiona ndima munyika iyo chikepe ndohwavo.

Results of hondo

Zvaizobuda hondo muna 1896, pakati England uye Zanzibar aisangova kumboitika kukundwa neyokupedzisira, asi zvachose isina kunyange ikakuruma rimwe rusununguko kuti sultanate ndamboramba. Saka, pfupi hondo munyika ane kure-kusvika nemigumisiro. British protege Hamoud remarara Muhammad kusvikira parufu rwake besprikoslovno akabvuma nomwoyo mirairo British mumiririri, uye chete vaiita uye ake vatsivi pamusoro anotevera manomwe emakore.