Sapakuparadzwa of Tartar joko mararamiro zviitiko, nhoroondo, zvinonakidza zvinhu

First mumwe uye kutyisidzira Zolotaya Orda mukutanga thirties ari XV remakore vakatanga kuzviisa pachena zviratidzo kuora. Yakanga yakanaka precondition kuti pakutanga muitiro, izvo zvakaita pakaparadzwa of Tartar joko, anenge maviri nehafu emakore dzakazova pamusoro nyika Russian. zuva rake kuonekwa November 11, 1480, apo yakareba yokurwisana muna muramba River pakati Russian uye Tartar hondo squads akapedza muvengi vakatiza.

Pokuwa Horde

Regai kunze Horde uye revatungamiriri chinoshamisa mutungamiri rechiuto ishe Edigeya, kuedza kuchengeta simbi ruoko mamiriro kuora. Pakarepo mushure nokukundwa yake muna 1411, vaviri itsva, vasingatungamirirwi nemumwe Khanate yakaumbwa, uye kuwedzera, kuvhundudzira kwavo, vakaramba kuwedzera simba rayo nokuita akawanda emakore pamberi Big Horde. Akatonga mumakore Khan Akhmat vaiva kubudirira kudzorerwa aimbova ukuru Mongol rinoti, asi fuma yakanga pfupi, uye somugumisiro pekuparadzwa ikoko pamusoro Tartar joko vakafunga hunhu zvisingadzivisiki nhoroondo muitiro. vakanga vakasimba zvikuru imperious Zvinotaurwa nomumwe wechiTatar machinda.

Kusimbisa of Moscow weutungamiriri

Munguva imwe chete paiva chinokosha nokusimbaradza Moscow, pasina iro kundorwa Russia nokuda kuparadzwa pakati Tartar joko angadai zvisingabviri. A chiratidzo pachena izvi kwaiva kuramba ari Grand Prince Ivan III kubhadhara mutero kuna Horde pamberi. Somugumisiro, ichi achakurumidza kunoguma zvose mari pakutengeserana kubva kunyika Russian kuti khans achiri vakaramba nehanya ulus ravo - nharaunda pasi pavo. Kubvira nguva Mezhuyev muchinda muMoscow uye Horde Khan anotanga vasingawirirani hondo. Sapakuparadzwa of Tartar joko rakanga kuva chokwadi.

Kugadzirira uto chiito

Han Ahmat - mwene Horde Great, vachiziva kuti chete pakarepo uye simba zvazvinoita akaita kuMoscow, anokwanisa kumanikidza Russian zvakare kubhadhara mutero. Izvi rwakamuita kutanga kugadzirira kuti mutsindo rutsigiro. Hariguti nhamba mauto akanga akaunganidza (pamberi pokuwa kwakakanganisa imwe Horde), Ahmad akapedzisa chibvumirano pamusoro vadyi nemauto akavhiyiwa pamwe Lithuanian muchinda Kazimierz, vanotiwo mugove wavo mune zvachose Kumanikidza nyika yeRussia.

Moscow sezvo Prince Ivan III - akachenjera anokunyengedzera wezvematongerwe enyika, vakafunga nomazvo, vakanochengeta kutsigirwa Crimean Khan Mengli Giray, uyo aiva rwechisikirwo anokumhan'arira pakati Akhmad. The kukarukureta kwaibva pakuti wakatya zvakajeka pfuma Tartar mutongi, anokwanisa kutevera kutevedzana musi Moscow kutsausa mauto ayo akananga Crimea, yaakanga refu vachishuva. In maitikiro azvakaita, zvakajeka rinogona vakagumisa kuti kuparadzwa pakati Tartar joko rakanga kukonzerwa kune kukakavara uye feuds, rakanga pachena kuti Horde munguva kuora kwayo. Izvi runoratidzwa zvakawanda hwakawanda huripo Chronicle.

Ezvinhu umo vakatanga sapakuparadzwa of Tartar joko

Year 1480 vakasuwa apo zviuru zana hondo Khan Akhmat vakatamira pfuura kuMoscow, vakava zvinouraya kwaari. Maererano kare chakagumisa zvibvumirano, panguva imwecheteyo rakanga kubuda uye Omani navarwi, asi chokwadi chiri zvikuru chibharo urongwa izvi - mukati Duchy pamusoro Lithuania pakarepo nechisimba dzavo gurusvusvu Moscow shamwari - the Crimean Khan. kungoerekana kenya ake vakasundira machinda Lithuanian pfungwa dzavo dzose nesimba kufungisisa yake uye vakapamba ari Akhmat rutsigiro rwavo. Somugumisiro, Khan yaitotarisira nesimba ravo pachavo.

Zvichakadai, mauto Russian akurumidza nezvokudzokera pamusoro kusvika romuvengi, dzatora kumahombekombe Oka. Kufambira yakananga Moscow, Tatars muna June vakabata uye vakapamba Kaluga uye Serpukhov. Zvinhu yakanga kuoma ndechokuti panguva iyoyo kusvikira muPskov akaswedera Knights German. I navo takatamira rebei simba pasi murayiro Ivan Vaduku - muduku mwanakomana Moscow Prince Ivan III. Grand Duke pachake pamwe huru mauto akanga panguva iyoyo Kolomna.

The Standoff pamusoro Ugra

Pasina kupfuura tariro Omani vavabatsire Han Ahmat akatuma mauto muromo Ugra rwizi unomhanya pamwe kumaodzanyemba-yokumadokero pamuganhu Russian nyika, uye vari kutarisira Prince Casimir akatora yokuzvidzivirira. Zvisinei, kusiyana navo mhiri koRwizi vaitungamirira mauto eRussia nokukurumidza yakaonekwa, uye pashure pavo akasvika huru mauto vanotungamirirwa nomudzimu Duke kuMoscow. Saka, kuti bheji pamusoro kushamiswa nechisimba Khan vakasagona.

Pasina nguva, mativi vakaramba vakaedza, mhiri, kurwisa, asi hapana akabudirira. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamiriro ezvinhu akachinja muchifarira Russian. Vakauya achitsigira echiShinto Uglich Prince Andrew uye Volotsk - Boris kare vasingadi kutsigira Ivan III. Sezvo Han Ahmat haana kumirira Omani vatsigiri, ari preponderance simba anenge tilted achitsigira vokuRussia.

Autumn, chando uye nzara

chirimo All uye mangwanani mumatsutso 1480 pakanga kugara Kusanzwisisana pakati vanhu riri kumativi akasiyana erwizi. Apo neapo vakanga kwedzimwe achiedza kuzadzisa chero mugumisiro kuburikidza nhaurirano. Asi kuti atangezve kubhadhara mutero Moscow akanyatsoramba, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvenyika Ahmad haana kugamuchira. Izvi rwakatora kusvikira November.

Winter kuti gore rakasvika mangwanani, uye kare pakutanga romwedzi Ugra ndakadaro, uye Mahombekombe ayo akanga akafuka gobvu rukoko echando smorzshegosya. Sezvo Tatars aitarisira kuti mushandirapamwe uchatanga kutora chimiro nokukurumidza remauto kuvhiyiwa, uye haana hanya kupa mauto zvokudya uye zvokudya, nokukurumidza nzara mumusasa. Vakatambura kubva nenzara uye hondo-namabhiza.

The chiitiko propelled sapakuparadzwa of Tartar joko

Muchidimbu tsanangura chii chakaitika November 11, 1480, zvakaoma chaizvo. Uyezve, kunyange pakati kare hapana nekubvirana pasi rino. Pakati pavo, gakava anoramba zvingave zvakanga unyengeri ashandiswe Ivan III, kana zvange mhosva. Asi tinoziva kuti pazuva iro muchinda akarayira kuti mubve mauto ake kure negungwa kuguta Borovsk. Apo Russian akasiya kumahombekombe, Tatars maitiro akanga zvisingatarisirwi zvachose - Vakatora kutiza.

Vakawanda vanoti izvi ndechokuti kwokunze zviito Russian sechigaro kuchitsausa Tatars nomusungo yagadzirwa nevakomana pamahombekombe, uye kana zvakadaro, saka, ipapo vaifanira kuva yakawanda simba, zvavakanga kungorega vasingazivi. Asi, zvakadaro, kuti Tatars vakatiza. Saka, sapakuparadzwa of Tartar joko waiva mugumisiro anobudirira kuurayiwa ari rinoshamisa, kwete hondo ropa. Zvisinei, nhoroondo anoziva neizvi zhinji yakadaro.

Kutanga mukuru kwacho

Zvisinei, izvi zvakanga chete mavambo acho, uye yokupedzisira pakuputsa ari Tartar joko achiri mberi. Asingasviki makore maviri, sezvo Tatars akaparadza uye akapisa Kiev, uye akabva aita gororo kurwisa rwezasi-vokumadokero mundima Russia. Zvinonzi akabatanidza kubudikidza kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu uye Lithuania. Pakazosvika 1501, reserves zvose mauto vaifanira kukanda mu kuratidzwa kwayo utsinye, uye somugumisiro, Ivan III akamanikidzwa vanomboenda kutangazve kwokuripirwa mutero kuna tenzi inotevera Horde - mwanakomana Akhmad Khan Sheikh Ahmed, chii chakanga yakarideredza zvikuru wakakwana pakuputsa ari Tartar joko. Date November 11, saka, ndiyo chete kutanga rwendo rurefu, pakupera iyo kwakaitika ushe Ivana Groznogo, asi zvisinei vaidavira kuti akanga kuguma anopfuura maviri emakore kukundwa ukauyiswa nhasi.

Kunyange pashure abolition pakati ari Khanate pakati Kazan muna 1552. Russia vachiri makore akawanda atambura kubva runochengeta, asi forays avo atove chimiro gororo kurwiswa uye woutsinye nokugaroratidzana nemauto. Kana izvo zvichienderana mamiriro wokuRussia inowanzorimwa madzinza, uye kunyanya kubhadhara mutero harina kufamba. Mumwe pazvakanga mapeji enhau Russia ave kuzoendeswa zvachose.