Mikhail Speransky: Biography upenyu hwake, mabasa, mapikicha

A anozivikanwa mukuru uye muvandudzi Mikhail Speransky (Makore oupenyu: 1772-1839) anozivikanwa sezvo munyori purogiramu kanoverengeka kuchinja mitemo Russian pakutanga pamusoro XIX remakore. Akapona yepamusoro uye kuderera rake basa, kwete zvose pfungwa dzake dzakanga chinozoiswa, asi zita rake kuti kwakafanana zvakawanda zvokuita, izvo zvinogona kuva mamiriro edu pasi Alexander I uye Nicholas I.

udiki

The ramangwana yokutungamirira Mikhail Speransky akaberekwa January 1, 1772 mu Vladimir Province. Akanga vanozvininipisa mavambo - baba vake akashanda mukereke, uye mai vake rakanga mwanasikana mudhikoni. Vabereki vanofurirwa kupfuura chimiro uye zvinofarirwa mwana. Akakurumidza vakadzidza kuverenga uye kuverenga zvakawanda. Great simba pamusoro Misha aiva sekuru kuti vazhinji vanoenda kuchechi uye akasuma muzukurukomana wake nemabhuku anokosha akadai "muBhuku Hours" uye "MuApostora."

Kunyange pashure kukwidza ake Mikhail Speransky haana kukanganwa kwavakabva zvavo. Sezvo Munyori weHurumende, iye akachenesa mukamuri yake uye kazhinji zvakasiyana kuzvininipisa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye maitiro.

Michael akatanga kudzidziswa ake enderana muna 1780 mu masvingo Vladimir diocesan seminari. Ndizvo ikoko nokuda kunoshamisa nemano mukomana kokutanga akanyorwa pasi zita Speransky kuti aiva kabhoni kopi Latin chipauro, zvinoreva 'kufudza mberi'. Baba mwana Vasiliev. Mikhail Speransky pakarepo akamira kubva yavadzidzi vake vaiti, chido chokudzidza, kuda kuverenga, uyewo mwero asi simba hunhu. The chebhaibheri akamutendera kuti kudzidza Latin uye chiGiriki.

Kutamira St. Petersburg

Michael aigona kugara Vladimir uye vatange chechi basa. Iye kunyange akava cellmate pakati yomunharaunda abbot. Asi kare muna 1788 somumwe chakajeka uye kupfuura matarenda vadzidzi Speransky awana mukana kuenda St. Petersburg uye akaramba zvidzidzo ake panguva Alexander Nevsky seminari. sangano iri rakanga pasi zvakananga kudzora Revafundisi. Where mapurogiramu matsva dzinokudziridzwa uye kudzidziswa yakanakisisa vadzidzisi.

The nzvimbo itsva Speranskiy Mihail Mihaylovich akadzidza kwete chete yebhaibheri asi enyika nyaya, kusanganisira yepamusoro masvomhu, wefizikisi, uzivi uye French, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva dzakawanda. The chebhaibheri kunyatsoteerera chirango ushe, vadzidzi unyanzvi kuburikidza iyo maawa akawanda zvikuru basa chepfungwa. Mushure Speranski akadzidza kuverenga French, iye ainakidzwa nemabasa nyanzvi nyika ino. Kuwana zvakanakisisa uye ichangobva mabhuku akaita muduku seminarian rimwe vakadzidza zvikuru vanhu munyika.

Muna 1792 Speranskiy Mihail Mihaylovich kudzidza zvidzidzo zvavo. Akagara pachikoro, apo aiva mudzidzisi wemasvomhu, uzivi uye achitsetsenura makore mashomanana. In ake kupembedza nguva anogarisana ingano, uye akanyora nhetembo. Vamwe vavo dzakabudiswa muna St. Petersburg magazini. mudzidzisi chebhaibheri akapa zvose mabasa mairi ine multilateral murume ane yakafara maonero.

Pakutanga rinoitirwa

Muna 1795, rimwe Speransky wechidiki pamusoro dzinoenda kuna Metropolitan Gabriel ashanda Aleksandrom Kurakinym. Raiva akakurumbira yemo machinda vamiriri. With accession kuti chigaro Paul I, iye akagadzwa Attorney General. Kurakin aida munyori vaigona kukurira rinorema pokuwanda kwebasa. Kuti munhu akadaro akanga Speranskiy Mihail Mihaylovich. Muchidimbu, akasarudza rokunyika nebasa mukati Church. In chechitendero haana kuda kuparadzana pamwe matarenda mudzidzisi. Metropolitan akamukoka kuti atore yemamongi mhiko, pashure iyo Speransky aigona kuvimba musoro bhishopu. Asi iye wakaramba, uye muna 1797 vakagamuchira chinzvimbo zano titular pabasa raida muchuchisi mukuru.

nokukurumidza mukuru akakwira upward. Chete, akava yedare mamiriro vaviri makore. Biography Speranskogo Mihaila Mihaylovicha - ndiyo nyaya yacho nokukurumidza kuwedzera basa nokuda yokukosha kuita uye tarenda. Unhu izvi akamutendera kwete kutsvetera pamberi pavabati, izvo zvakazoita kuti pachena simba rake mune ramangwana. Zvechokwadi, Speransky akashanda zvikurukuru kubatsira hurumende, uye chete ipapo kufunga zvivanakire.

Rise of muvandudzi

Muna 1801, idzva Russian Emperor Alexander I. Akava zvikuru zvakasiyana baba vake despotic Paul, uyo aizivikanwa vemauto tsika uye kuchinja maonero. The mambo mutsva akanga worupo uye aida kuti nyika yavo yose zvokuchinja kuti zvaikoshawo chakaipa kukura ehurumende. Kazhinji, vanofanira kuwedzera vanhu rusununguko.

Zvakafanana maonero akasiyana uye Mikhail Speransky. The Biography kuti mufananidzo uyu zvikuru kuziva: akasangana naye Alexander I, kana achiri korona muchinda, asi mukuru mukuru munyaya Resettlement St. Petersburg, ari mamiriro yedare. Vechiduku pakarepo akawana mutauro nevakawanda, uye ramangwana mambo haana kukanganwa kuti kuumba rakajeka chizvarwa enyika Vladimir. With accession pachigaro, Alexander I akagadza Speransky Munyori weHurumende Dmitry Troshchinsky. Uyu murume aiva Seneta uye mumwe mambo wacho nematirastii itsva.

Nokukurumidza mabasa Mihaila Speranskogo kuvhomora pfungwa nhengo chakavanzika komiti. Raiva pedyo Alexander vezvematongerwo vakabatana rimwe denderedzwa pamusoro sarudzo arikuramba kuchinja. Speransky akava mubatsiri yakakurumbira Victor Kochubey.

The chakavanzika komiti

Nechekare muna 1802, nokuda chakavanzika komiti, Alexander yandakagadza ushumiri. Ivo chakatsiva nderechinyakare uye basa mumakoreji Petrine yaitonga. Kochubei akava gurukota yokutanga Interior, uye Speransky - ake Munyori State. Aiva zvevafundisi mushandi akakwana: kushanda pamwe mapepa kuti vakawanda maawa zuva. Nokukurumidza Mikhail akatanga kunyora manotsi dzavo soro mapati, atanga maonero ayo pamusoro nekubatwa zvimwe zvinhu.

Hapana chakaipa kuti kamwe zvakare kutaura kuti maonero Speransky akaumba nokuverenga French vazivi ari XVIII remakore: .. Voltaire, etc. Liberal pfungwa State Secretary resonated nezviremera. Nokukurumidza, iye akagadzwa mukuru wedhipatimendi mutariri kukura kuchinja muzvirongwa.

Yakanga achitungamirirwa Mikhail Mikhailovich akagadzira dzinokosha zvokudya yakakurumbira "ndizvo vakasununguka kuvarimi." Yaiva vanotya danho rokutanga hurumende yeRussia nenzira iri abolition pakati serfdom. Maererano nechirevo, makurukota aigona zvino vanhuwo zvavo pamwe nenyika. Pasinei chokwadi kuti urongwa ichi kwave dukuduku kufarira kubva ropafadzo kirasi, Alexander akafadzwa basa rinoitwa. Akaudza kutanga zvinongoerekana kuronga kukuru kuchinja munyika. Speranskiy Mihail Mihaylovich akanga atarisire izvi. Brief Biography of yokutungamirira Zvinoshamisa iye, asina ukama, asi kuburikidza nemano avo pachavo uye nesimba basa vaizosvika pamusoro political Russian Olympus.

Munguva kubva 1803 kusvika 1806. Speransky aiva munyori vakawanda manotsi kuna mambo. In mapepa Munyori weHurumende vakaongorora iyoyo mamiriro dzeutongi uye nevarikutonga. The chikuru panyaya yokusarudza Mikhail Mikhailovich kwaiva kuchinja zvematongerwo enyika. Maererano ake manotsi, Russia inofanira kuva yepamutemo umambo, apo mambo akanga kunyimwa simba kwakakwana. zvirongwa izvi havana akaziva, asi Alexander vanotenderana zvichemo zhinji Speransky. Nokuda kwazvo basa ravo yepamutemo iri zvachose mutauro muhofisi kutaurirana mumahofisi ehurumende. Akapa vakawanda archaisms ari XIX remakore, uye pfungwa dzake papepa, zvisina basa, vakanga Crisp uye zvakajeka sezvinobvira.

mubatsiri Emperor

Muna 1806 Alexander I akaita aimbova seminarian mukuru mubatsiri wake, "kusarudza" muna Kochubey. Emperor yaidiwa aiva murume akaita Speranskiy Mihail Mihaylovich. Brief Biography of mushandi wehurumende kuita pasina tsanangudzo ukama dzaro namambo. Alexander Speransky aikoshesa kureva voga rayo kubva siyana revatongi yeChina, rimwe nerimwe lobbied kuti zvivanakire. Panguva ino, imwe commoner Michael akaridza mumaoko ake. Akatanga kugamuchira Zvinorayirwa mambo pachake.

In chinzvimbo ichi Speranski vaiita dzidzo iri seminaries - pachedu pedyo naye musoro. Aiva munyori nomutemo yaidzorwa mabasa ose nemasangano aya. Mitemo aya zvakanaka kusvikira 1917. Chimwe chinokosha Enterprise Speransky sezvo Auditor dzidzo wokuRussia - drafting katsamba umo akataura misimboti remangwana iri Tsarskoye tiiviste Lyceum. Izvi sangano kwezvizvarwa akawanda anodzidzisa ruvara rwacho - majaya zvikuru seane uchenjeri revatongi mhuri. Vakapedza kudzidza vacho akanga Alexander Pushkin.

nedzenyu basa

Panguva iyoyowo, Alexander ndakanga ndakabatikana chaizvo wokumwe negwaro. Kuenda Europe, iye kunokonzeresa akatora Speransky naye. Saka muna 1807, apo Congress akabata Erfurt Napoleon. Panguva iyoyo Europe pakutanga vakadzidza ndiani Michael Speransky. Brief Biography of mukuru anofanirwa kutaura unyanzvi rake rePolyglot. Asi kusvikira 1807, haana kumbobvira kwose.

Zvino, nemhaka ruzivo mitauro uye dzidzo yavo, Speransky aigona kuziva zvose asina musoro nenhume vakanga vari Erfurt. Napoleon pachake akataura mubetseri Alexander uye kunyange inonzi jokingly akakumbira Russian mambo rokuchinja matarenda Munyori weHurumende ari "upi umambo." Asi kunze Speranski yakataurawo uye kushandisa mazano ake vari nhume. Akatora chikamu muhurukuro kuguma norugare pakati France uye Russia. Zvisinei, zvematongerwo mamiriro ezvinhu muEurope panguva iyoyo aiva chokwadi, uye nokukurumidza urongwa aya kukanganwika.

basa pamusoro-soro

Speranski aipedza nguva yakawanda ndichishanda vaigadzirira zvinodiwa kubvuma kuti muhurumende. Knowledge vakuru vakawanda havana dzinoenderana pachiyero munzvimbo dzavo. Chikonzero izvi zvakanga zvakakurumbira tsika pa basa mudziyo tichionga kwokubatana mhuri. Naizvozvo Speransky akafunga pakatanga bvunzo kuti vanhu vanoda kuva vakuru. Alexander vakabvuma pfungwa iyi, uye nokukurumidza mirayiro iyi kuva mutemo.

Tiine accession pakati Finland kuRussia Speransky akatora mutariri zvinhu mudunhu itsva. Kwaiva kuchinja kwamachinda, saka zviri munyika iyi, Alexander akakwanisa kuona norupo pfungwa dzavo boldest. Muna 1810, State Council yakatangwa. Uyewo pakanga nzvimbo Munyori weHurumende, rwakazokura Speranskiy Mihail Mihaylovich. Activities muvandudzi haana pasina. Zvino pamutemo akava murume wechipiri hurumende.

manyadzo

Zvakawanda Speransky kuchinja sei Munenge mabhora ose oupenyu National. Kumwe kuchinja zvakanga kukuru, izvo akaramba inert chikamu vanhu. Mikhail haana kufanana vakuru, nokuti nokuda kwayo basa ndiko zvavanoda vakatambura pakutanga. Pakazosvika 1812, mudare mambo paiva boka revashumiri uye courtiers, uyo akatanga zvinoshamisa pamusoro Speransky. Vanoparadzira runyerekupe rwenhema nezvake, zvokuti iye zvichipomerwa vakatsoropodza mambo. With rava kusvika vatsoropodzi vakawanda hondo akatanga kuyeuka kubatana kwayo Napoleon muna Erfurt.

Muna March 1812, Mikhail Speransky akanga adzingwa ake dzaro dzose. Akanga vabude guru. Kutaura zvazviri, akanga ari muutapwa, kutanga muna Nizhny Novgorod, uye ipapo ari Novgorod province. Makore mashomanana gare gare, achiri vakakwanisa kurega opals.

Muna 1816 akagadzwa kuva gavhuna Penza. Mikhail Speransky, muna pfupi, aiziva zvishomanana pamusoro nharaunda iyi. Zvisinei, nemhaka unyanzvi ake hwesangano, akakwanisa kuva rubatso kurongeka mudunhu. vanhu Local aida vaimbova Munyori State.

Shure Penza mukuru waiva Irkutsk, kwaaishanda gavhuna Siberian kubva 1819 kusvika 1821. Pano, zvinhu zvakanga zvakatonyanya vangosiyiwa kupfuura Penza. Speranski kuita urongwa: dzakabudirira charters kuti kurapa vashoma yenyika uye kwerunyararo upfumi basa.

Zvakare muna St. Petersburg

Muna 1821, Mikhail Mikhailovich kokutanga mumakore akawanda, aiva St. Petersburg. Iye yakawana musangano wake Alexander I. The Emperor pachena kuti mazuva akare, apo Speransky aiva munhu wechipiri hurumende, shure. Kunyange zvakadaro, iye akagadzwa musoro chomurayiro kuti drafting mitemo. Rakanga nezvenzvimbo iyo zvaibvira kuti zvinobudirira zvikuru kushandisa ruzivo yose, vaiva ne Mikhail Speransky chaizvo. Historical mufananidzo uyu kunoratidza sechinhu chinoshamisa muvandudzi. Naizvozvo akadzoka shanduko ake.

Danho rokutanga yapera Siberian pamutemo bhizimisi. administrative kuchinja akanga kuitwa ake manotsi. Siberia yakakamurwa muEast uye West. Mumakore achangopfuura, ushe Alexander I chose nguva yakawanda kuti urongwa nemisha zvechiuto. Zvino ivo vanozviita uye Speransky, uyo, pamwe Alekseem Arakcheevym inotungamirirwa ari runoenzanirana basa.

Apo Nicholas I

Muna 1825 akafa, Alexander I. Paiva chokupika pakati Decembrists zvakaipa. Speransky akapomerwa drafting ari Manifesto pakati mavambo ushe Nicholas I. gavhuna mutsva akaonga zvemashoko Speransky, pasinei aiva enyika maonero. Akakurumbira mukuru akaramba norupo. Ipapo mambo waiva kuchinja, uye kupanduka Decembrists zvakatowanda zvirire Makatsamwira kuchinja.

In Nikolaev makore Speranskii guru basa raiva gadziriro yakakwana mitemo yeRussian Empire. Multivolume chinyorwa vakauya pamwe akawandisa mitemo, okutanga yakabuda XVII remakore. Muna January 1839 nokuda dhigirii ayo Speransky akagamuchira musoro Count. Zvisinei, musi February 11, akafa pazera remakore makore 67.

Ake simba uye zvibereko mabasa vava chinovhura zvinhu Russian makore okutanga rokutonga Alexander I. Panguva pamusoro-soro ari basa Speransky akanga usina kunyadziswa, asi gare gare vakadzoka mabasa ake. Iye akaramba achishumira State, pasinei chero dambudziko.