Ancient mutauro wechiGiriki: arufabheti. History of mutauro wechiGiriki

mutauro Ancient Greek ndowenyika category "vakafa": nhasi hazvibviri kusangana munhu vaizoshandisa navo kwezuva nezuva. Zvisinei, ndiwo chinhu asi Kukanganwika uye vakarasika zvachose. Mashoko nomumwe muchiGiriki yekare zvinogona kunzwika pose. Kuongorora ake nearufabheti, girama uye mataurirwo mitemo - vanowanzochema kuwanika mazuva ano.

Kubvira kare kare

History of mutauro wechiGiriki akatanga nechisimba munharaunda remangwana Greece madzinza Balkan. Zvino pakati XXI uye XVII emakore. BC. Vakauya navo anonzi mutauro Proto-Greek, izvo richatanga pashure Mycenaean, tumitauro ari dzekare nguva, uye ipapo Koine (chokuArekizandiria remutauro) uye yazvino chimiro chiGiriki. Akamira kubva Indo-European, uye nenguva yokuberekwa, kumuka nokuwa guru wehurumende kwave kuchiita yakawanda kuchinja.

affidavits

Kusvika Dorian nechisimba Bronze Age, pamusoro kubva XVI kusvika XI remakore BC. e., muGirisi uye kuCrete, Mycenaean muchimiro mutauro kushandiswa. Nhasi, riri kuonekwa kupfuura kare wechiGiriki Bhaibheri. Mycenaean kusvikira nhasi akachengetedzwa ari muchimiro zvakanyorwa pamahwendefa evhu rakawanikwa pachitsuwa cheKrete. Unique chinyorwa mimwe (dzinokwana vanenge 6 zviuru) zvine kunyanya rokutengesa yakarekodwa. Pasinei mashoko sokuti vasingakoshi akakunda mavari, masayendisiti vakafukunura zviratidzo zvakawanda pamusoro zvekare munguva.

tumitauro

mutauro Ancient Greek, mhuri dzose vakatodzidza pachavo zvachiri. Nokufamba kwenguva, pane tumitauro akawanda, izvo setsika aibatanidza mumapoka mana:

• mabvazuva: hedzino Ionic uye Attic tumitauro;

• Western: Doric remutauro;

• Arcade kana yuzhnoaheyskuyu Cyprus;

• Aeolian kana severoaheyskuyu.

Munguva Hellenistic yaitonga, iro rakatanga mushure kukunda Aleksandra Makedonskogo, pahwaro ari Attic nendimi Koine akasimuka, mutauro Pan-ndero kuti rapararira kusvika yose kweMediterranean. Gare gare, nokuda kwake "simuka" tumitauro dzakawanda ano.

arufabheti

Nhasi, nzira imwe kana mumwe, anenge munhu wose anoziva mutauro wechiGiriki. "May" tsamba ( "rokuti tau"), uyewo tsamba "Beta", "Alpha", "Sigma" zvichingodaro zvinoshandiswa masvomhu, wefizikisi sayenzi nezvimwewo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti arufabheti, uyewo mutauro pacharo, haana kubva mhepo. Ari X kana IX mu. BC. e. Rakanga rakumbirwa kubva reFenikiya (dzevaKanani) madzinza. Kutanga tsika tsamba dzave akarasika pamusoro nguva, asi akaramba mazita avo uye kuti.

MuGreece, apo pane tsika dzakawanda nzvimbo, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo vakauya pachavo peculiarities yaro arufabheti. Pakati izvi nzira vemo vane ukoshi mukuru kuMireto uye Chalcis. Yokutanga kuchatanga papera kushandiswa Byzantium. Zvaiva Kirill wake I Mefody kuisa nheyo necheSalvic arufabheti. Chalcis Ipfungwa vakagamuchira nevaRoma. Ndiye baba earufabheti Latin, achiri kushandiswa yose Western Europe.

mutauro Ancient Greek nhasi

Zvikonzero nei zvakakwana guru nhamba yevanhu nhasi kudzidza mutauro "akafa" vaGiriki vekare, zvinoita pachena. Asi zviri. For nyanzvi mumabasa okufananidza zvemutauro uye anoenderana vanotongwa, kunzwisisa rekare rechiGiriki - chikamu basa. Izvozvo zvinogona kutaurwawo tsika zvidzidzo, vazivi uye vanyori venhau dzakaitika. Kwavari, wechiGiriki chekare - mutauro dzakawanda chepuraimari zvinyorwa. Chokwadi, zvose mabhuku iyi inogona kuverengwa uye kushandurwa. Zvisinei, munhu uyo ati nekuenzanisa yepakutanga uye "akachinja" veko mutauro shanduro, anoziva sei siyana inowanzotorwa shanduro. Chikonzero iri kusiyana maonero, kunyanya nhoroondo uye maonero yevanhu. nuances zvose izvi zvinoratidzwa acho, kuichinja uye tanga mashoko untranslatable chaizvo okuti, azere zvaanoreva zvinogona kunzwisiswa chete pashure pokudzidza mutauro yepakutanga.

Zvinokosha kuziva Greek matongo uye numismatists. Kunzwisisa mutauro hwezvekukurukurirana kudanana, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko kunobatsira kuti nokukurumidza kuziva Kunyepa.

nokukwereta

The rekare rechiGiriki iri Russian mutauro zvawanzwa. isu vasingawanzotauri kunyange chifungidziro mavambo kwavo, chichiratidza kare uye vaiziva. Elena mazita Andrew, Tatiana uye Fedor vakauya kwatiri wokuGreece yekare pashure kuitwa chiKristu. Munguva simba wezvokutengeserana uye dzimwe ukama nevaGiriki uye Byzantines mumutauro madzinza necheSalvic akauya mashoko matsva akawanda. Pakati pavo vane "Pancakes", "nechikepe", "vhiniga", "mudhori". Nhasi, izvi uye mashoko akafanana zviri nevakawanda kuti zvakaoma kutenda kwavo dzimwe mavambo.

Mabhuku nesayenzi kupfuura siyana munzvimbo zivo uye chaizvoizvo akazara borrowings kubva muchiGiriki yekare. On muganhu Greece vakauya kwatiri mazita siyana anoranga (jogirafi, nezvenyeredzi, etc.), ezvematongerwo enyika uye magariro (umambo, gutsaruzhinji), uyewo zvokurapa, navarongo, mabhuku uye mamwe mazwi akawanda. At moyo mashoko matsva kureva haana kurarama munguva dzekare, zvinhu uye mananara vari muGiriki midzi, kana vari inoumbwa nokushandisa Greek prefixes (pafoni, maikorosikopu). Nemamwe mashoko akashandiswa nhasi, dzarasika yaro yepakutanga rinoreva. Saka, cybernetics muGirisi yakapfuura inonzi kukwanisa kushandisa mudziyo. Saka, kunyange pashure pemazana emakore akawanda kudaro, mutauro wekare vagere Peloponnese anoramba ari kudiwa.