Marudzi Ancient muRussia. History of ehurumende uye Russian avanhu

marudzi Ancient muRussia akatanga Resettlement uye obzhivanie nyika asati kuwedzera statehood. Ndokusaka wokutanga uye Grand Duke kweRussia - Rurik - isa guru yakawanda nesimba kuti pave kusaroora, mai vendudzi zhinji.

Yokutanga kuedza kudzidza ekare vanhu

The chikuru chepfungwa necheSalvic hwevanhu kudzidza kuti pane chinoramba dzokutyaira rinomutsa vana Inter-dzemadzinza pabonde. Zvinorevei? Dzidza dzinokosha vanhu Russia, zvakakosha comprehensively kuongorora nyaya yacho. Somuenzaniso, kungotarira kuvagari Central nharaunda, unofanira kuteerera rupi Eastern Europe uye kuSiberia.

Zvidzidzo Vose pre-echimurenga mamiriro kunge pfungwa chete vanhu Russian. The simba nemamwe marudzi, kana dziripowo kubva sainzi, isina kutaurwa, asi kwete somunhu aitungamirira mubvunzo, asi chete sezvo chokungoendawo. The chete pamutemo ndechokuti zvishoma nezvishoma akadira Finno-Ugric madzinza, zvizvarwa zvemo mu Russia.

Chete pakutanga ramakumi remakore, Russia akatanga kuonekwa sezvo kare multi-dzinza mamiriro. Haukwanisi kuvanza chokwadi kuti mhedziso zvakadaro zvakagadziridzwa pasi pokudzora masayendisiti European. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvozvo akatanga kubudisa mabasa evanyori Orthodox, achiudza kuti zvemo vanhu Russia kukura pasi pokudzora yekare zvebhaibheri mavambo. "Vanhu Russian - vanhu naMwari kuzivikanwa yekare Kyivan mavambo" - zvichishandurwa sezvo nyaya imwe vatungamiriri vechechi - A. Nechvolodov. Nokuti akaona paumbwe vaSitiya, Huns nezvimwe iripo vachiravana marudzi.

Maiva muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, paiva kuitika chenhau pfungwa, somunhu Eurasian dzidziso.

Folk kwakatangira: aiva sei?

emakore akawanda asati yechikristu paiva chiitiko chikuru yenhau: simbi hunotanga achishingaira kushandiswa pachinzvimbo endarira. Kwakapararira simbi mhangura akapa kwete chete inowanzoshandiswa mbishi zvinhu, asi simba kugadzirwa zvidimbu.

Munguva iyi pane zvishoma nezvishoma kutonhora okunze, achiperekedzwa kuwedzera uwandu ivhu rakaorera, aisimudzira dzine mhuka minda, dzinosiyana basa zvigare izvo kuva nemashoko emvura nzvimbo, iyo kunobatsirawo pamusoro Zvinoumba nzizi, madziva, nzizi uye zvichingodaro.

With veMubatanidzwa simbi esimbi vanhu vekare muRussia akatanga chacho vanoshingaira kukura. Nhamba namarudzi vachishandisa simbi sezvo nechigadziko acho. Panguva iyi, ichazivikanwa noku Russian Resettlement yekare madzitateguru pakati necheSalvic vanhu, Latvians, Estonians, Lithuanians, kuchamhembe-nechokumabvazuva Finno-Ugric madzinza, uyewo dzimwe nharaunda duku kuti kugarwa munguva Central Russia uye Eastern Europe.

«Iron chimurenga" wakamutsa pamwero hwokurima, akaita nokukurumidza kundoongororwa masango kuti yecocoa, kwakadzikira anorema munda basa tillers. Yekare vanhu Russia, mazita avo vasingazivi kare, zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuratidza nevamwe zviri zvachose guru vemo. Paumbwe imwe nyika hunotifambira osodlosti, kukura mhuka minda uye kurima. Uyezve, kugara kunhivi siyana munyika, kuti necheSalvic vanhu vakapfuura mudzimba wokumwe mutauro unyanzvi vavakidzani - meryam, Chud, yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, uye zvichingodaro. Izvi anotsanangura vakawanda mashoko yokuEstonia necheSalvic mavambo, ukama dingindira kurima.

Wokutanga ugari

The prototypes maguta kwavaigara uye akaumba marudzi uye mukuru Russian mamiriro wokutanga, yaiva yokutanga chemakore BC. A yakafanana kuitika iri kuchengetwa Northern Europe, uye Urals - a kutarisana muganhu kugarwa pamusoro necheSalvic dzavanhu.

Insulation dondo expanses vakabatsira kuparadzwa dzokumaruwa munharaunda mararamiro. Zvino vekare vanhu Russia vaigara munhare kana rakasimba, iyo simba zvikuru ukama kamwe chikuru uye simba munharaunda. Zvishoma nezvishoma kumanikidzwa Resettlement marudzi kusiya nzvimbo ugaro hwake, uye zvishoma nezvishoma kufamba nenzira kuchamhembe-easterly mirayiridzo. Vakasiya matende dzainzi maguta. Nemhaka namagariro uye dzimba dzakadaro, nhoroondo Russia kubvira kare ane zhinji chokwadi uye ruzivo rwesayenzi. zvino masayendisiti anogona kutonga hwezuva nezuva vanhu, Marererwo dzavo, dzidzo uye basa. Mumazuva chivakwa maguta pane zviratidzo munzanga stratification rokutanga.

Limbo necheSalvic sezvo vaakasarudza madzinza

Masayendisiti akawanda vari pfungwa yokuti Slavs vakawanda vari Indo-European mavambo. Saka, vakawanda kare vanhu muRussia pakutanga inogarwa kwete chete mundima ano wehurumende, asiwo chikamu chikuru Eastern Europe uye kumaodzanyemba kusvikira India ano nyika.

Vanhuwo kwakabva marudzi akawanda anopa mitauro zvakafanana ano. Pasinei siyana pakutanga kukura, iri mumitauro dzakavakidzana dzimwe nyika vanogona kuwana akawandisa zvakafanana, mukati zvinoreva uye mataurirwo emashoko. Nhasi vaiona kuti akafanana kuna Celtic, eGermany, necheSalvic, Roman, Indian, Iranian, uye dzimwe mhuri mutauro.

The kuitwa of Slavs

Somunhu primordial dzinza haana kurarama pasina vanhu. Munguva vanoshingaira Slav namagariro chakaitika kuitwa dzakavakidzana nemadzinza uye munharaunda.

On humwe uchapupu nhoroondo State norudzi uye vanhu Russia akanyarara. Panyaya iyi, kwemazana emakore, masayendisiti, vatungamiriri akaisa mberi zvakasiyana siyana hypotheses. Somuenzaniso, mashoko okutanga sahwira Nestor aidavira kuti necheSalvic vanhu pakutanga vaigara pamuganhu Central uye Eastern Europe, uye vange boka iri dzinza akatora Danube rwizi bheseni pamwe muBalkan Peninsula.

Masayendisiti - vamiririri bourgeoisie akaisa mberi Dzenhema pfungwa kuti musha wemadzitateguru Slavs duku chikamu mundima Carpathians.

marudzi Russian zvishoma pamusoro Slavs rechipiri mumireniyamu BC

The vakachenjera pakati Slavs yekare vaidavira mukuru rudzi nhoroondo kare, zvanhasi uye nezveramangwana. Nguva dzedu vauya chokwadi kuti vanhu necheSalvic mavambo rakaumbwa pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu Antes, ivo Veneti, Wends, uye zvichingodaro.

VaGiriki akazivisa mundima Slavs iri zvinotevera nzira: kumadokero - kusvikira Elbe; kuchamhembe - kuGungwa reBaltic; kumaodzanyemba - kusvikira Danube River; kumabvazuva - kusvikira Diet uye Oka. Uyezve, kare wechiGiriki vafambi, vanofunga uye masayendisiti vaisava kuti mashoko. Maererano navo, necheSalvic vanhu vaigara Russia, aigona kugadzirisa kure kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva kuburikidza guru uye yakaorera masango-inowanzorimwa wongoramba. Zviri aivapo nzira youpenyu iri vapfumi mumasango enyika, rinoita kuvhima uye hove, achiunganidza makwenzi uye michero vaiva chikonzero nokusanganisa pamwe Slavs Sarmatians.

Maererano Herodotus, kuEastern Europe akararama vanhu inozivikanwa se vaSitiya. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti, pasi tsanangudzo iyi, kunzwisisa kwete chete kubva necheSalvic madzinza, asi mazhinji mamwe madzinza.

Vapfumi rwokumusoro-kumabvazuva Europe?

Ancient vanhu Russia hakugumiri kutaurwa kwevanhu necheSalvic mavambo. Chechipiri pakukura nhamba yemadzinza uye Resettlement mukati mamiriro miganhu kubatikana Lithuanian-wokuLatvia boka.

Izvi vanhu vaiva madzinza Finno-Ugric mutauro mhuri: ari Finns, Estonians, Mari, Mordvins uye zvichingodaro. Zvisina kunanga National vanhu Russia vaiva akafanana ne necheSalvic nemadzinza mararamiro. Uyezve, akarondedzera mitauro vakabatsira nokushingaira kusimbisa wo madzinza munharaunda.

A pachena kuchiitwa Latvians uye Lithuanians ndechokuti nguva uye kutarisirwa vakapa bhiza ruminant pane kurima. Panguva iyoyo yakanga yakavakwa yakavimbika nemisha-yawo. Kutonga nyaya vafambi, Herodotus akadana Lithuanian-wokuLatvia boka Tissagets.

Ancient Rus: VaSitiya Sarmatians

Mumwe shoma vamiririri Iranian mutauro mhuri, kusiya chete zvikasawanirwa munhau, ndivo VaSitiya Sarmatians. Anofungidzirwa vanhu ava dzatora nharaunda kumaodzanyemba kweRussia kusvika Altai.

MuSitiya uye Sarmatian vomunharaunda ane zvakawanda zvakafanana zvinoitwa nevamwe madzinza, asi haana vaiva chete kutanga enyika. Kunyange muzana remakore rechishanu BC pamusoro munharaunda marudzi pakugadzirisa yakaitika evanhu stratification, uye aiitisa hondo dzokukunda. Zvishoma nezvishoma vaSitiya akakunda Sea Black madzinza, akaita zvakawanda nzendo kuti muBalkans, Asia, Transcaucasia.

Amazing ngano kuenda upfumi vaSitiya. The makuva zvemadzimambo pawned Zvaifadza goridhe rakawandawo. Naizvozvo, tinogona kuronda yakati stratification simba munzanga, uyewo simba vapfumi kirasi.

An dzinonakidza ndechokuti vaSitiya vakanga rakakamurwa wandei mapoka-marudzi. Somuenzaniso, mumupata kumabvazuva Dnieper akararama anongofamba dzinza kushanduka, uyewo, kumadokero kwerwizi yaigarwa vaSitiya-varimi. Ari oga boka dzinounzwa Royal vaSitiya, akafamba pakati Dnieper uye ezasi Don. pano chete unogona kuwana vakapfuma kuvigwa pazvikomo uye akavakirirwa simba ugari.

History of Russia kubvira makarekare uyewo inopa zvinoshamisa simba mibatanidzwa madzinza muSitiya-Sarmatian. Zvishoma nezvishoma batanidzo kwakadaro chamuita kuti mamiriro romuranda hurongwa. Wokutanga anoti nyika yakaumbwa madzinza Sindhi, vamwe - somugumisiro wacho Thracian Wars.

Akasimba muSitiya Hurumende rakaumbwa rechitatu remakore BC, raiva muzinda muCrimea. Nzvimbo ano Simferopol raiva protagonist nengano - guta zita yakaisvonaka Naples - guta guru muSitiya umambo. Yakanga muzinda simba, maguta akakombwa namasvingo ibwe uye vakagadzirira pamwe chihombe tsanga chekuchengeta.

VaSitiya vaviri aidaro zvokurima, uye kuti mari chaiyo kuteerera mugove mhuka minda. Muzana rokutanga remakore BC, pakati pamarudzi aishingaira dzakabudirira ndege mabasa. Bright uye kunoshamisa tsika vaSitiya richiri kuitwa nemasayendisiti-kare. Izvi zvakapa vanhu kwezvose nemazano mifananidzo, zvivezwa nezvimwe hwokudhirowa zvaakasika. Kusvika panguva miziyamu ndakachengeta Zvisaririra upenyu yekare.

Pane pfungwa kuti marudzi vaSitiya havana kuparadzwa zvachose kubva mepu. Kuvapo muranda nzanga dambudziko iri pachena, asi chaizvo nemashoko necheSalvic marudzi mukana wokuti kuitwa. Izvi anoudza kwakabva mashoko mutauro ano Russian zhinji. Kana necheSalvic ukapisa "imbwa", pamwe mashoko akashandiswa Scytho-Iran "imbwa"; Common kwechiSlavonic "yakanaka" kwakafanana muSitiya-Sarmatian "zvakanaka" uye zvichingodaro.

Hazvina Zvakakodzera kufunga vaSitiya zvakananga vazukuru necheSalvic vanhu, zvisinei, kuti Zvisaririra tsika inoshamisa yekare vachiripo.

Black Sea Coast: Greek midzi

Nations kuti aripo pamusoro munharaunda yeGungwa Black pamhenderekedzo, mashoma emakore asati auya yedu wakabatwa Greek bhanditi squads. Kwemakumi emakore pane zvave guta-inoti netsika Greek yekare. Folding nhapwa ukama.

Ancient Russia akadzidza guru yakawanda chaizvo chiitiko upenyu Greek. Zvikuru yakatanga muchikamu chino mamiriro akanga kurima, chokunyengera uye hove munyu, waini, gorosi kubudiswa, vaitenga kubva muSitiya nyika. Kupararira uye mukurumbira yawana zvedongo webasa. Mukuwedzera, chiitiko yave kudzokororwa kutengeserana mhiri kwemakungwa nyika. Zvinokosha Greek kushongedzwa ndokuwira kushandiswa madzimambo muSitiya uye vakaziva pamwe vemo kupfuma.

City, akaumba pamusoro nharaunda aimbova Greek guta-inoti, vava yakakwirira azvipire tsika yevanhu. Zvisingaverengeki machechi, mitambo, zvivezwa, uye mifananidzo yakashongedzwa zuva upenyu nevaGiriki. Zvishoma nezvishoma, guta vakazadzwa madzinza fuza, uyo, oddly zvakakwana, airemekedzwa tsika dzechiGiriki yekare, kuchengetedza zvivako ounyanzvi, uyewo kudzidza zvakanyorwa vazivi.

Ancient Russian Vagari: vanhu Bosporan Kingdom

Northern Black Sea Coast kutanga kukura remakore rechishanu BC. Pano akaumba chete makuru muranda mamiriro pasi zita Bosporus - Kerch ano. Major political sangano yakatora emakore 9 chete, pashure izvo remakore rechina BC, rakaparadzwa Huns.

Wakafananidzwa ne echiGiriki vanhu Sea Northern Black zvishoma nezvishoma vakagara pamusoro Kerch Peninsula, rezasi kunosvika kuna Don. Vakatora uye Taman Peninsula. Active kukura vanhu vanotaurwa nechokumabvazuva hurumende, kubva pamwe namarudzi zvishoma nezvishoma anokudzwa kwamachinda uye vakakwirira, uyo nevanhukadzi vapfumi vamiririri Greek vemo.

The kurudziro yokutanga kuparadzwa ehurumende yakanga kumukira muranda rinotungamirirwa Savmak. Panguva iyi the Ancient Rus yakazadzwa kuparadzana uye yokumukira. Zvishoma nezvishoma, Gungwa Black nharaunda rakundwa zvachose Getae uye Sarmatians, uye gare gare kuparadzwa anenge zvachose.

Inotungamirwa Russian nhoroondo akapfuma yeRussia ano haina chete kukanganiswa nevanhu vanogara Central nharaunda. Aivawo chinokosha kukanganisa vamwe vemarudzi. To musi, hazvibviri chaizvo kuona kana Slavs vakanga nekukudziridza vanhu vavo kana kuti inotungamirwa kwavo kukanganisa munhu kubva kunze. mubvunzo uyu chakagadzirirwa kubvumira ano nhoroondo nesayenzi.