Vatsigiri Russian mu World War I vakanga?

Muzana XIX remakore, anenge ose makuru nyika kwenyika vaiva ezvinhu rakavhurika nharo, somugumisiro, kwete chete kuti vasarudze ramangwana Europe. Mukusarudza rinoti: Britain, France, Russia, Germany, uye gare gare, uye Austria-Hungary - hariguti zvavo ezvoupfumi ezvinhu, uye hapana akanga achienda kuwirirana.

The Zviitiko haana kurega kunyange pedyo ropa ukama - vatongi Russia, England uye Germany vaiva hama. Kupfuura zvose, apo uchiisa zvavanoda nenyika.

Zvakangoitikawo kuti huru vatsigiri Russia muna World War I vaiva UK uye France.

Vachitarisira nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, zhinji anoti vane vakatendeutswa mafekitari nezvinodiwa zvechiuto. On nerubatsiro mauto akashanda zvombo, gunpowder, snarjadnye, zvombo, shipbuilding nezvimwe zvivako maindasitiri.

Russia National zvido

Sezvaunoziva, chikonzero hondo akaita chigaro Archduke Ferdinand F. wake, mumwe Serbian nationalist muna 1914 kuSarajevo.

Asi chokwadi, hauna chikonzero chaicho.

Nokuti Russia, panodikanwa waidzora upfumi ukama Europe, izvo vakabatsira zvikuru pave Germany Trade uye Austria-Hungary. Industrial zvigadzirwa kubva kuGermany "chakaita" Russia, wayo chetsika zvokutengeserana nzvimbo uye akatanga kuzadza epamba kumusika.

mamiriro ezvinhu aya vasingagoni asi kukonzera kunetseka pakati huru varidzi venyika yedu uye achirarama mariri maindasitiri magnates. Zvikurukuru, zvinodzinetsa izvi vanotsigirwa Petersburg.

Panguva iyoyowo, Germany ari kushingaira kuva Rara Austria-Hungary. Zviri nesimba ichi uye Russia akarwira Hukuru muBalkans pakati necheSalvic inoti. Asi Berlin haana kutsvaka kutanga enyika ukama Russia, iyo nokugogodza wake vanoshorwa ezvoupfumi.

vatsigiri Russian Munyika Vokutanga

Tikafunga vakadaro zveupfumi uye enyika zviitiko Russia akamanikidzwa kupinda muchiuto kubatana France uye Great Britain. Uye kushamwaridzana izvi zvikazikamwa sezvo Entente.

Naizvozvo, ipai ndandanda Russian-sungano nyika muHondo Yenyika I,

• Andorra;
• Belgium;
• Bolivia;
• Brazil;
• China;
• Costa Rica;
• Cuba;
• Ecuador;
• Greece;
• Guatemala;
• Haiti;
• Honduras;
• Italy (c 23 May 1915);
• Japan;
• Liberia;
• Montenegro;
• Nicaragua;
• Panama;
• Peru;
• Portugal;
• Romania;
• San Marino;
• Serbia;
• siam;
• US;
• Uruguay.

Agreement pamusoro nepagungwa pesvedzero

Chaizvoizvo, mubereko Russia vava kupedza simba Germany uye Austria-Hungary. Uyewo akataura vanoti vanoverengeka German inoti uye kudiwa kudzora gungwa aiva Turkish pakamanikana pakati Bosporus uye Dardanelles.

Pashure Turkey akauya kudivi reGermany muna 1914, kare muna 1916 kuti Entente nyika dzakasaina chibvumirano pamusoro weboka zvido kuMiddle East. Saka zvakanzi kwatemwa iyo vatsigiri kuti Russia vachatitaka Munyika Vokutanga.

Kukunda uye Kukundikana 1914

Pashure pokukundwa muhondo pamwe Japan, Russia akakwanisa vafunga pamusoro mamiriro muuto rayo. Uye muna 1914 zvakanzi kuitwa gadziriro nani kurwa.

Asi vatsigiri Russia ari World War First havana kufungwa zvinhu ane refu uto kusawirirana. izvi zvose vasingagoni asi omesa hukama pakati penyika mbiri. For kunokurumidza kukunda Russia wakatsvaka co-kugadzwa, asi aisakwanisa kudzivisa kukundwa mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany. Uye kufungisisa kwakadaro zvinhu, nyika yedu aifanira famba kundosangana dzimwe nhengo Entente.

Panguva World Vokutanga ndiye Russia aiva mukuru kwazvo munhu uye zvokudya zvedu. Kana iwe tora munhu chikamu, ndicho chiverengo mauto ayo vanenge 40% vose hondo Entente.

The mugove uto wokuRussia aiva basa kubayirira pasi uswedere roga muchiuto pakati vokuGermany uye vokuBulgaria. Uyezve, wakatora zvakawanda vasungwa pane Russian vatsigiri (anenge mamiriyoni 2,2. Masoja) munyika uto, izvo chakaita kuti inenge 60% of uwandu vasungwa.

Kwehondo

Pakatanga Germany kuFrance muna August 1914 World War First. Achitarisira kuhwina blitzkrieg, huru mauto Germany vakamhanyira France. Panguva iyoyo vari kumabvazuva yakamborwa zvehondo simba 8th Army East Prussia.

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vatsigiri Russia muna World War I vaiva munyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri, Austria-Hungary aienda kuita basa akavhiyiwa zvakananga pamusoro nemauto Russian.

Asi Russia yakatanga inogumbura, uye mid-September panguva yacho Galicia pakurwa hondo kwakadziva kumadokero Front vakakunda chikuru mauto vavengi vavo. Muhondo iyi, iyo Austrians akarasikirwa 400 000 vanhu, apo vakasara varwi 100,000 akakunda 400 pfuti ari thrall weHondo Russian. Eastern Galicia akarasika.

Somugumisiro kukunda uku kwakadzikira zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu uye Serbian Army.

Panguva iyoyowo, vatsigiri Russia vemauto vakabudirira akarwa pamusoro munharaunda East Prussia. Kupfuura zvose rinoisa chido kuramba tsamwisa mweya uye nokuparura kurwiswa Berlin. August 20 kuti mauto eGermany vakakundwa chete gore pa Hondo Gumbinnen, uye Russia akakwanisa kudzora dzinenge 2/3 wenharaunda muvengi.

Asi anoita kubudirira dzairwisa chaitadzisa zvakakomba zvinokanganiswa ari murayiro, uye mauto eRussia vakatambura vakakurirwa huru dzakawanda uye akatamira shure kumuganhu.

Zvisinei, kubudirira nemauto muvengi, vakashamiswa murayiro German mubatanidzwa. Izvi vakamumanikidza kuti mafambire chikamu French mauto kubva mberi mutsetse, uye pakudaro kukanda vemauto kumabvazuva. Uye zvinoita kuti kuderedza kumanikidza vatsigiri Russian. tactical mufambo chemurayiro German kwakadaro kusiya vasina akavatarisa uye Russian nevatsigiri Munyika War First. zvikuru kukunda dzimwe Marne vakanga akunda.

Tikafunga hunoshamisa kukundwa German urongwa blitzkrieg kwakadaro akakundikana pamwe France. Germany anotarisira kukurumidza kukunda vakaparadzwa.

kupinda Turkey muNyika hondo

Pakazosvika October, mauto eGermany pamwe Austrians akatora tsamwisa kumabvazuva pamberi, asi Warsaw-Ivangorod kurwa mucherechedzo kwakakwana kukunda wokuRussia. German-Austrians dzakamanikidzwa kurega nokuti ichi zvakare nemiganhu yayo.

Mauto edu vanoedza maari nechisimba kwakaitwa nechepakati Germany, asi zvakanga kubudirira. Zvisinei, basa rakadai mauto Russian, aiva akanaka kwakabatsira migumisiro kurwa vari Isere uye Ypres.

By December wegore iroro, vanhu vokuGermany vaifanira nekaviri nhamba mauto ayo kumabvazuva mberi. Izvi zvakaitwa tichitarisa sei hondo vakarwa vatsigiri Russian.

Turkey akabatana Kurwa muna November 1914. On the Caucasian mberi pakutanga yakarongerwa vamwe kubudirira, asi pakupedzisira December 3rd hondo Turkish akatambura unorema kukundwa mu Hondo Sarikamis.

Germany unorwa pamusoro fronts maviri

Mushure vakakurirwa zvikuru Germany mubasa ravo zvose sei kuti Russia kubva hondo. Panyaya iyi, Eastern Front akava mukuru.

Nokuda kunonoka nerubatsiro zvombo, nepfuti, atirari anoshongwa, uye matambudziko mukuru nezvokudya Russia akatambura dzakatevedzana vakakurirwa. Uye kwakange mungozi encirclement mauto eRussia muPoland.

Asi chipo General MV Alekseev akakwanisa kushandisa yomuvengi zvikanganiso uye chinangwa urongwa murayiro German. Nokuti ichi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti kusiya nhamba ndima - Russian kwePoland, chikamu Belarus uye zvinoverengeka kuBaltic States. Izvi akabvumira kubuda unotyisa ezvinhu uye kuwana nzvimbo iri kumiganhu itsva.

Russian vatsigiri muchiuto nemhaka hondo kumabvazuva pamberi vakanga pakupedzisira akakwanisa kuwana breather, kusimbisa simba ravo uye kusimbisa nzvimbo.

Panguva iyoyo pasi Turkish pamberi, mauto edu kuramba zvinobudirira kuitisa tsamwisa kushandiswa, saka yokupa medungwerungwe rokukoniwa. Mauto Russian ari Turkish nzvimbo wakaraira nomuromo kupenya zvayo NN Yudenich. mberi kwakadaro aiva akanaka kwakabatsira mamiriro ezvinhu dzairwisa pamusoro Mesopotamian Front.

Zvinofanira akati kuti anobudirira nezviito Russian Corps akarayira Baratova muPezhia haana kubvumirwa kuuya Tehran kuti vakapfuura mumaoko evavengi vedu. Panyaya iyi, kubudirira kweuto Russian muTurkey kwakaponesa zviuru vokuArmenia, uyo akatambura kubva Turkish kwevanhu.

Naval hondo

Nepo angadai akatanga World War 1, vatsigiri Russian haana masimba zvakakwana pagungwa. Asi reRussia Sea Black rengarava aiva chinokosha paanopfuura muvengi hondo kudzidzisa uye ruzivo mune mufambiro ruvengo, iyo muridzi ruzhinji wengarava vatariri uye vengarava.

Zvikepe zvakanga 6 battleships vachiri pamusoro mhando yekare, 2 sevatsvaki vemapuranga, 17 vaparadzi, 12 vaparadzi, 4 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Munguva yehondo, vakanga vakabatana nomumwe 9 vaparadzi, 2 mhepo chokufambisa (prototypes hwemazuva vatakuri ndege) uye 10 Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Zvikepe yaiva huru mujinga Sea Black (Sevastopol) uye aiva shipyard muna Sevastopol uye Nikolaev.

Pasinei Turkey kuti rubatsiro yakapiwa Germany, Russia vatsigiri (Army uye Navy) aiva rinokosha zvinobatsira muGungwa Dema.

Nokufamba kurwa hondo pamwe Turkish Navy Russia yava wokurera nzira itsva uye tactical zvakagadzirwa, zvinobva-siyana simba dzakabatana. Special zvokuchenesa zvikepe vakasikwa kutsigirwa kunopfuurira revarwi pasi uye kutsigira ngarava dzakanga dzakatakura cargoes zvechiuto.

Pane yave kushandiswa hondo zvechiuto achiwana raanoziva, pamwe nokutsigirwa avhiyesheni. Kujairika Kutarira uye kugadziridza moto pamhenderekedzo kunangwa nokushandiswa muchikepe redhiyo.

New kurwa unyanzvi

Kana blockade of Bosphorus uye marasha nharaunda, vatsigiri reRussia (mauto uye nezvikepe) nechokwadi wakafara kuroorana pakati Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye ngarava wengarava. Chimwe dzinonakidza chokwadi yaiva pamwe Ngarava dzepasi pemvura uye ndege kurwisa muvengi Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Kunyanya kusvinwa vave vachirwa Russian zvikepe muGungwa Dema muna 1916 mushandirapamwe. Ndaifanira kuita panguva imwe chete riri fronts akawanda uye kugadzirisa mabasa akasiyana siyana nokushandiswa zvikepe, nendege uye Ngarava dzepasi pemvura.

Asi Russian Navy Raira yakakunda uye aigona kukonzera wandei kukuvara German-Turkish rengarava.

Kudyidzana mukati omubatanidzwa

Germany muna 1916 haana kukwanisa kuwana pamusoro Russia muna inokosha kuronga uye zvakachinja nezvemamwe Western Front.

Kurangarira murayiro German kuti kukuvadza zvikuru kune Anglo-French mauto. Hondo Verdun akanga kunyanya kukosha kuti hondo, chii aiita World Vokutanga. vatsigiri Russian vakakwanisa kuwana breather uye nguva yokugadzirira kurwisa kushandiswa, kana mauto Russian yakatanga inogumbura pedyo Lake Naroch.

Uye kunyange zvazvo hondo yapera kukundikana, yakanga pesvedzero inobatsira mamiriro ezvinhu sungano mauto.

Panguva iyoyo tiri kupemberera kubudirira wehondo dzedu Turkey. First Yudenich akatora Ezerum nhare uye gare gare Trebizond.

Zvinoshamisa, kubudirira mukuru akanga nokuramba Russia muna muzhizha 1916. Kana mukuru tsamwisa of kwakadziva kumadokero Front akanga atora anonzi Brusilov Kurwisa, umo hondo yeAustria yakakundwa zvakare. Gadzirisa mamiriro aigona chete kupindira Germany, izvo akabvumira kumisa kufambira mberi mauto eRussia. Somugumisiro Kurwa pana Kovel yapera nehondo dzedu kukundikana zvakakwana.

The chimurenga muRussia

Major tsamwisa idzva akaronga 1917, uye kuti aigona kugumisa World Wokutanga. vatsigiri Russian akavakawo kunogumbura zvirongwa zvavo. Asi urongwa izvi uye zvirongwa zvakanga. Zvikonzero izvo Vakaputsawo, zvakasiyana-siyana. Asi kunyanya ndiwo matambudziko socio-zvoupfumi kuti vaunganidza uye yakura kwenguva refu muna Russia. Asi tikafunga kudonha morale muuto nokuda mukuru kurasikirwa kuzvipokanidza izvi vava zvinowedzerwa kunyange zvakawanda.

Sezvaanotaura yakawedzera mugovanisi nepasipo, political destabilization uye kushingaira Kusagadzikana kurwisa hurumende. ichi zvose pamwe chete kwakaita kuti echimurenga kusagadzikana, izvo kuvhiringa boka raivapo socio-enyika muna 1917.

Vakaita vakaparadza chose zvose kuedza uye kufambira mberi kwave kuitwa Russia.

Kunyange zvazvo arangarirwe kuti kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mamiriro ezvinhu pamberi nokuda dzairwisa aigona zvikuru kwazvo. Russia chete kukwezva munhu kunyange izvi ezvinhu, kupfuura chetatu mauto eGermany. Sezvazvakanyorwa vakakweverwa, uye vakaramba muhondo idzodzo uye yeAustria Division.

Zvino kuti zvava kare, tinofanira kurangarira chete chii vatsigiri Russian nyika muchirongwa hondo, asi chokwadi kuti uto yedu, vashandi pamwe nemi madzibaba edu, vakabatsira dzairwisa takunda.