Chii kunyora mukutanga yeMiddle Ages chainyanya akakurumbira?

Book Antiquity Evhangeri yemvura noMweya ndiyo bhuku, akasikwa munguva yeMiddle Ages. Musiyano haisi kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro mutoro, uye nyaya. Kunyanya Kwakashandiswa micheka iri iyo kunyora uye zvokushandisa akashandisa zvakanyorwa. Nekuti isu funga zvino zvakadzama chii mashoko achinyora mhando yokutanga yeMiddle Ages chainyanya mukurumbira, pamusoro zvakanyorwa mubhuku uye kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera.

Kuchinja kubva kare kusvika feudalism

Shandirai vanhu rekare muna kare chechinyorwa, zvinoita sokuti pamberi pedu sezvo svobodnomyslyaschih, Virtual aumba. Uye nokuti vakawanda dzemari zvakanyorwa kudanana kubva panguva ino havasi mifananidzo yekare uye Puzzles, uye yakakwirira wegiredhi mapepa uye essays akanyorwa mumitauro akafa zvino. Zvisinei, chete vakapfuma vanhu vakanga vakadzidziswa iwayo kuverenga. Nokuti kunyora, vakashandisa nhokwe - saka achiti, hwakaoma bepa, izvo zvifambiswe kuna Europe kubva kuIjipiti. With veMubatanidzwa yeMiddle Ages , ichi mashoko kunyora yakarasikirwa kushanda kwayo, kunyanya nekuti razladilis ukama East. Nokuti kubvira muzana remakore rechitatu, vanhu anozodzidza yematehwe.

Nhoroondo kuberekwa urongwa itsva kunyora

Pashure razladilis Rara yeEgipita, Sisiri akatanga kuita enhokwe ake. Asi ichi kunyora zvinhu zvaisagona zvinodiwa weboka rokuItari mahofisi. Zvakanga yero, pfava, porous uye kwete chaizvo akakodzera kunyora kunyora. Ipapo vokuEurope akatendeukira nokugadzirwa, vagari Asia Minor, yakabuda muzana remakore rechipiri BC. e. Yaiva rawhide untanned matehwe mhuka, iyo kare hwakanyorwa vaJudha yekare chizaruro. Kugadzirwa aiva mambo yePegamo Eumenes Second, apo akatora zita rayo.

Yematehwe rinoshandiswa senzira mashoko achinyora mangwanani Ages yainyanya. Chakapararira Europe yose, kusanganisira zviri Nordic nyika, uye rava hwaro dzakasiyana-siyana dzechitendero uye mabhuku enyika akadhindwa.

pakawanda parchment

Zvakaratidza kuti parchment - yainyanya kushandiswa mashoko achinyora mangwanani Middle Ages. On hwaro ichi tinowana zvitupa, madhipuroma, diptychs, trifoliate kabhuku pamwe mirayiridzo uye kunyange pachavo kemabhuku madzishe nevamwe vamiririri yakakwirira munzanga. Kuti manotsi panguva iyoyo, zvakanga zvakakwana kuti peta semucheka yematehwe iri kamwe chete. Aiva munyoro, ichiita mabasa akawanda, uye kwete vaizeza. Kusika hune chinangwa. akagadzirwa zvinyorwa vataipa matehwe, izvo kudare sezvo mabhuku ano. In kuunganidza dzakadaro ezvinamato zvakanyorwa, mitemo, hurumende zvivako uye zvimwe.

raibhurari itsva

Zvinhu zvitsva, achinyora mukutanga Ages chamuita kuti kukura gadziriro itsva mapepa uye mufanidzo mabhuku. Muenzaniso wokutanga - iri raibhurari. In nyika yekare, ngachipiwe kwatiri muchimiro mipumburu yakawanda, dzakanga vakaramba echiShinto. Makadzika nenhokwe ichi kuwana ruzivo aiva matambudziko. KuMiddle Ages, tinoona echiShinto vakatutirana nemabhuku, imwe neimwe ine butiro. Pamusana pabutiro peji ino, unogona kuona kuti mashoko mhando zvirimowo mukati. Muenzaniso wechipiri - zviri fenicha (oddly zvakakwana). vakachenjera Ancient aishanda padesiki, uye Ages feudal madzishe uye vapristi akatanga kunyora kekutanga patafura. kuvamba ichi, sezvo bhuku yematehwe, rava Boon chaiyo vanhu. All aiti kuti vakasununguka kuti vazvichengete, zvinofadza kuti kuverenga, uye Chikurukuru - kuwana mashoko zvakarurama pasina nguva.

Keeping zvakavanzika palimpsests

Ko parchment - chete yokunyorera pakutanga Ages? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu zvisakakwana kunaka. Chokwadi kuti namatehwe mhuka aiva rukudzo kunyora chete vakuru, apo varombo havana kukwanisa kuwana mufaro wakadaro. Nokuti pakati pavo vakava dzakakurumbira palimpsests. Vanonzi yenhokwe machira umo kudzimwa tsaru magwaro, uye ipapo akatakudza navo nevatsva. Ingi ngaarayire kure namapanga, pumice, akapiswa, akanyatisa - mune mamwe mazwi, nzira zvave kusimba zvikuru. Pashure nzira idzi, mashoko yave akarasika zvachose. On enhokwe vaiva zvinyorwa zvitsva, ukoshi vazhinji vavo haisi kwakaenzana kuparadzwa Precursors.

bepa tateguru

By rechi10 tsamba remakore kusvika mangwanani yeMiddle Ages inotevera padanho. Mumakore kuenda kumwe kuna Europe maArab kwakaonekwa pepa, waiva isingadhuri zvikuru kupfuura yematehwe uye nyore kushandisa. Asi rudzi kugadzirwa Evhangeri yemvura noMweya ndiyo ino. The machira avapo nokupwanywa chaiyo venhau linseed mamvemve, izvo, pashure kuomeswa wakatemerwa. The bepa haana kudaro kusimba uye anokosha, sezvo nhokwe, nokuti rakaita yematehwe, akambochera mubhuku, zvichiita vake tsamba, zvitupa uye nyore notibhuku.