Chii vanhu vekare? Upenyu uye tsika iri muvanhu yekare

Kare (kubva rechiLatin rinoreva "» yekare - antiquus) yainzi nguva kwenzanga maviri makuru - Greece yekare uye Roma.

periodization yekare

Kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro vanhu vekare chii, zvinokosha kuziva ipi nguva waivapo uye chii nguva vakakamura nguva ino.

Vazhinji vakabvuma zvinotevera periodization:

1. Early Antiquity - nguva kwakabva Greek inoti.

2. Classical Antiquity - nguva kubatana Roman uye nechiGiriki dzomunyika.

3. Late Antiquity - kuparara hweRoma.

Kufunga vanhu yekare, zvakakodzera kufungawo chokwadi chokuti nguva puranga Hazvibviri kuona zvakarurama. Greek budiriro asati avapo weRoma uye Eastern Roman Empire aripo kwenguva yakati pashure pokuwa kuMadokero. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti yaitonga akare - nguva ino chete VIII. BC. e. pamusoro VI. n. e., pamberi pakutanga Middle Ages.

The chidzoke wokutanga inoti

On muBalkan Peninsula munguva dzekare, pane akawanda kusingabudiriri kuedza kusika ezvinhu. Izvi kwaiva yenhoroondo munyika yekare.

2700-1400 gg. BC. e. - nguva Minoan budiriro. Waivapo muKrete uye aiva mukuru azvipire kukura, uye tsika. Yakaparadzwa njodzi (kuputika, izvo wakadenha akasimba tsunami,) uye nechiGiriki Achaeans vakakunda chitsuwa.

Around ari XVI remakore BC Mycenaean budiriro rakatangira muGirisi. Iye anofa 1200-1100 BC. e. mushure nechisimba Dorians. nguva ino chinonziwo "mazera erima echiGiriki."

Pashure kunyangarika ari Mycenaean tsika vakasara kare yokutanga nguva inotanga. Pakazosvika nguva nayo rinobatana kuguma yendarira Age uye paumbwe mangwanani kirasi vanhu.

The Greek mamiriro chainyanya budiriro. It ine midzi mumamiriro munzanga, uye pamberi pake pakanga pasina zvapfuura chiitiko statehood. Saka, nzanga yekare vanofurirwa zvakasimba nokuda chinyakare. Izvi hwakaratidzwa achinyanya munyika dzechitendero. Murume uyu nguva kwainzi sezvo muzinda wezvose. Nokudaro huru chepfungwa ekare - basa mafungiro kurutivi nyika.

Upenyu vanhu vekare: marongerwo uye makirasi

Yokutanga Greek Hurumende yakatanga kwazvo kushingaira. Izvi Ichibatsirwa hondo pakati vanhuwo zvavo uye vanokudzwa, kana yokupedzisira kutanga Akaedza muzvikwereti muuranda. In dzakawanda dzimwe mararamiro ekare, zvaigona kuitwa, asi kwete muchiGiriki. Pano, kuti Demos havasi chete kukwanisa kudzivirira rusununguko rwavo, asi aivawo kodzero enyika. Chokwadi, izvi hazvirevi kuti munzanga munyika yekare haina kuziva uranda. Uye Greece yekare uye gare gare Roma vaiva nhapwa inoti.

Chii vanhu vekare uye chii mamiriro ayo? Basic voruzhinji zvenyika yekare waiva mutemo, kana guta-mamiriro. Naizvozvo, kuti Company kwakasimbiswa iri rakasiyana nemamwe nyika. Paro vemunharaunda aiita. Munhu wose akabata chinzvimbo chavo mairi. It anoona kuvapo yevagari hweHIV. The yose vakawanda yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: vagari azere, dzisakarurama uye disenfranchised. Civil chinzvimbo - huru budiriro yacho vanhu yekare. Paaiva dzimwe nyika vakawanda vaigara mukati wakaoma yechinangwa matunhu, muGreece uye Roma, kuvapo mamiriro mugari kwainyanya kukosha. Akasatendera Demos riri akamira yakaenzana kwamachinda kutora chikamu mune mutemo wehurumende.

vanhu Roman akanga siyanei Greek, uye aiva zvinotevera mamiriro:

1. Varanda.

2. vakasununguka varimi navapfuri vesimbi. In umwechete vokuparidzira chaiva pembiru.

3. Traders.

4. Military.

5. The nevaranda. Pano, pakutanga yaiva senatorial kirasi.

Science uye tsika vanhu yekare

ruzivo yokutanga zvesayenzi rave kuwanikwa munguva dzekare, muna States vokuMabvazuva. Nguva iyi inonzi prednauchnym. Mune ramangwana, zviitwa izvi yakagadzirwa muGirisi yekare.

The sainzi nzanga yekare - ndiyo chidzoke vokutanga dzesayenzi dzidziso, zvinokosha pfungwa, akadhindwa uye nharaunda. Panguva ino, paumbwe uye chidzoke sciences zhinji ano.

In yayo kukura, sayenzi akare kuuya kure:

1. An mangwanani Danho - VII-IV CC. BC nguva ino, asi sayenzi dzinongoitika uye uzivi. Vazivi wokutanga, masayendisiti kazhinji kuziva zvinetso zvakasikwa uye kutsvaka kuti chinokosha zvose upenyu.

2. ndero Danho - nayo kunoratidzwa nokuda dismemberment rakabatana wesayenzi kupinda vakaparadzana munzvimbo: pfungwa, masvomhu, wefizikisi uye mishonga. nguva ino ndiyo inonyanya maruva nesayenzi yekare. Vakai mabasa avo makuru Euclid, Aristotle, Archimedes, Democritus.

3. Danho Roman - nguva kuderera sayenzi yekare. Pakati inokosha nebudiriro iyi, unogona anoratidza nezvenyeredzi chaPtolemy.

The chikuru kubudirira sayenzi kare paumbwe yoga mirayiridzo, kusika mazwi rokutanga uye nzira cognition.

Uzivi nzanga yekare uye ayo vamiririri akakurumbira

Pane VII-V CC. BC. e. muGirisi uye rakakamurwa zvinotevera mumatanho:

1. Natural uzivi kana mangwanani Classics. Vazivi iyoyo kunyanya kufarira mibvunzo cosmology. Chakajeka Vamiririri: Thales, Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras, Democritus.

2. Classic - ndiwo ichatonga zvine mbiri uzivi yekare, iyo yaigara chakajeka vamiririri vayo: Socrates, Plato, Euclid, Aristotle. Pano kokutanga chakatsiva nyaya rwokuzvarwa uzivi rakasvika kufarira dambudziko zvakanaka nezvakaipa, magariro.

3. Philosophy kuti echiGiriki - panguva ino kushingaira pakukura uzivi pasi pokudzora nyanzvi yechiGiriki. Yakakurumbira Vamiririri: Seneca, Lucretius, Cicero, Plutarch. Kune nzvimbo dzakawanda mu uzivi: kusava nechokwadi, Epicureanism, vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza uye Stoicism.

The simba kare tsika ano

Ancient Greece uye Roma zvokudetemba akadana paucheche yebudiriro ano. Pasina mubvunzo, vanhu vekare vakanga zvakawanda pamusoro pemafungiro pave nedzimwe nyika uye vanhu. Science, mitambo, mitambo, mutambo, mutambo, chivezwa - regai zvinyore zvose akapa nyika yekare kuti murume ano. simba ichi vachiri kuonekwa tsika, mutauro uye mararamiro Latins zhinji uye vagari yeMediterranean.