Eastern Vimbiso - a ... vachiberekwa malformations. Valvular Heart Disease

Vachiberekwa - chii ichi? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu, uchadzidza kubva kukurukurwa munyaya. Uyezve, isu achakuudza zvaunofanira mhando urema zviripo, nei vanokurukura, uye zvichingodaro.

General mashoko pakupona

Vice - iri zvemamiriro kukura, uyewo muunganidzwa chero zvarakasiya kubva chakaipa (mureza) nemamiriro womunhu muviri kuti munguva fetus (zvishoma postpartum).

Kazhinji, alterations akadaro aumba pasi pokudzora siyana kwokunze uye munyika zvinhu (semuenzaniso, hormone zvirwere, nhodzera, uduku utachiona masero, chaikonzerwa noutachiona, ionizing nemwaranzi, okisijeni shoma uye zvichingodaro.). Sezvo yechipiri yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, nyanzvi kaona kuchikosha kumhanyisa pamusoro Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga. Most pakupona kuitika vanhu vanogara dzakabudirira.

Zvimwe zvikonzero

Muna 40-60% vanhu havazivi zvinokonzera zvarakasiya ose mashoko. Kwakadaro varwere izwi zvinoshanda, iro unorira "nguva dziri kure kuberekwa urema." Mashoko aya anoreva panowanikwa netsaona kana zvisingazivikanwi zvinokonzera, uyewo kwakaderedza mukana kuzodzosera panowanikwa chizvarwa yemberi.

Nokuti 20-25% vevaya pakupona vari aumba kubva "multi-factor" chinokonzera, kuti chinhu chisinganzwisisiki kusakarongeka vakaremara (kazhinji diki) kana zvinokonzera njodzi kwezvakatipoteredza. 10-13% kubva anomalies dzinorondedzera chete kwezvakatipoteredza chokupfeka. Uye 12-25 chete% urema ndivo chete majini kukura chikonzero.

Saka, isu funga zvakadzama sei vamwe vanhu vari vachiberekwa malformations.

teratogen

Zvinoitwa izvi zvinhu zvinoenderana chipimo chemushonga. Kusiyana teratogenic migumisiro dzakasiyana mhando vanogona chokuita metabolic zvinhu kubvisa mano ane fuma zvinopfuura placenta uye dzakapararira muviri.

Kupfuura mukurumbira uye vakadzidza teratogenic zvinhu

Malformation kakawanda kuona vaya vari pasi zvinotevera zvinofurira:

• Zvirwere yapfuura kubva amai mudumbu. A-siyana zvinokonzerwa nemavhairasi zvirwere zvakadai Kutamiswa panguva mukubereka vana sezvo mumps, rubella kana inklyuzionnaya cytomegaly, zvakanaka kuti pave pakukura kuremara.
• Doro. Zvikuru kukosha ndiyo kudhakwa vabereki, kana panzvimbo, mai vake. Kunwa doro panguva pamuviri kungaita nyore kuti fetus alcohol syndrome.
• Ionizing nemwaranzi. Kuonana radioactive isotopes, uyewo maekisirei angava inokanganisa majini midziyo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mwaranzi (ionizing) uye ane muchetura nomugumisiro. Kuti chokwadi ichi chinokonzera vakawanda vachiberekwa anomalies.
• Mishonga. To musi, hapana mishonga yakadaro kungadai kuzivikanwa ngozi zvachose kuti nokuda mudumbu, kunyanya panguva trimesters maviri pamuviri rokutanga.
• Chikakananda. Kuputa vanaamai ramangwana (panguva nhumbu) anogona zvikuru nyore kutungamirira ndechokuti mwana achawira mumashure kwomuviri.
• Nutrientnye deficits. Kushaya dzinoverengeka zvinokurisa (semuenzaniso, ayodhini, myo-inositol, folate uye zvichingodaro.) Munhu nekusimba chikonzero ngozi mwoyo chirwere vachiberekwa uye Neural chubhu kuremara.

Funga izvi anomaly wakajairika mwoyo kuremara vharafu muudzame hukuru zvikuru kwazvo.

mwoyo kuremara

Mwoyo chirwere chinhu pathologic kuchinja vharafu, hapana chikuru thoracal midziyo, mwoyo masvingo, zvichiguma kwakakanganiswa ropa dzose kufamba. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa kuti zvarakasiya yakadaro inogona kana vawana kana vachiberekwa.

Kakawanda, zvakaipa mumwoyo mavharuvhu kuitika nokuda kwazvo zvirwere vemauto womunhu muviri pamwe infiltrated mariri anokuvadza tusingaoneki. Pakurapa kutsaudzira yaiva kutsiva dzinongoitika, asi ukama mavharuvhu, chakagadzirwa surgically.

Kana dzichiri urema

Ichi chinoshamisa pathological (chero mhando) kakawanda kuumbwa panguva embryo morphogenesis (kureva, 3-10 mavhiki). Izvi imhaka yokuti panguva ino, yatyora dzinotsanagura kubereka, Kusiyanisa, kutama uye masero rufu. Izvi zviitiko rwakavapo interstitial fluid intracellular, mezhorgannom, extracellular, nhengo uye tishu mumatunhu.

huripo mhando

Vachiberekwa - ndiye broadest muchikwata, izvo zvinosanganisira ezvinhu akasiyana chaizvo kubva zviduku chaiko anomalies (semuenzaniso, moles makuru, birthmarks, etc ..) To zvakakomba kutyorwa nomumwe hurongwa (semuenzaniso, mwoyo vharafu kuremara maoko nemakumbo, uye zvichingodaro.). Kunewo mubatanidzwa abnormalities kuti chokuita zvakawanda nhengo dzomuviri panguva imwe chete. Kuremara mu muviri uyewo vaiona vachiberekwa.

In okurapa, pane vatatu marudzi inokosha pakupona:

• tinozvarwa zvikanganiso muviri;
• vachiberekwa chaiko anomaly;
• zvimwe vaberekwe vakaremara.

kakawanda chiitiko

Zvidzidzo zviri vachiberekwa anomalies refu vakaratidza kuti mumwe kana mamwe malformation ari mudumbu rinowanika pane imwe kakawanda, zvichienderana bonde mwana. Somuenzaniso, clavate vanorega uye pyloric stenosis zvakawanda mune vakomana, uye vachiberekwa hudyu dislocation - mune vasikana.

Pakati avo vana vanoberekerwa nemumwe itsvo, uye zvakawanda vamiririri akasimba pabonde. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti dzakawanda anomalies izvi, sezvo zvakawandisa nhamba yembabvu, mazino, vertebrae uye nedzimwe nhengo, inowanikwa pakati vasikana vachangoberekwa.

List pamusoro malformations

Nhasi, kune urema zhinji. Kakawanda aonekwa munguva tsvakurudzo Ultrasound ramai. Kana anomaly akakomba zvakakwana, mukadzi aida kugumisa pamuviri. Izvi imhaka zvikurukuru kuti mwana achaberekwa zvose ake upenyu pangozi, uye semunhu (zvichienderana norudzi abnormality).

Ngationgororei pamwe chii malformations zviripo:

• kutsemuka urema;
• Surgery pakati ari jejunum ;
• agenesis of bapu;
• acrania;
• bilateral renal agenesis;
• anencephaly;
• vachiberekwa dislocation of hudyu;
• yaitsigira divi renal agenesis;
• esophageal Surgery;
• vachiberekwa cloaca;
• albinism;
• Association VACTERL;
• aplasia of bapu;
• mumukaha mukanwa;
• mumagaro Surgery;
• clavate vanorega;
• Down kuti urwere ;
• vachiberekwa cretinism;
• vachiberekwa megacolon;
• vachiberekwa mwoyo chirwere;
• hydrocephalus;
• heniya;
• hypoplasia of bapu;
• esophageal diverticulum;
• syndactyly;
• polysomes ne X-chromosome;
• Meckel kuti diverticulum;
• Patau chirwere ;
• mumukaha muromo;
• polysolid;
• Klinefelter kuti urwere;
• cryptorchidism;
• malformations pabonde nhengo;
• clubfoot;
• Klippel-Feil urwere;
• megacolon;
• cri Du tauriranai;
• microcephaly;
• Turner kuti urwere;
• hypoplasia of femur uye tibia mapfupa;
• fetus alcohol syndrome;
• omphalocele;
• musana heniya;
• fibrodisplations;
• pyloric stenosis;
• polydactyly;
• Edwards urwere ;
• synophtalmia;
• exencephalocele;
• exstrophy of dundira;
• epispadias;
• ectrodactyly.

To muchidimbu

Sezvaunogona kuona, pane zvikuru zvakawanda pakupona kuti kuitika azvarwa munyika utero kukura. Kuti udzivise panowanikwa abnormalities kwakadaro vabereki ramangwana mwana wavo vanofanira kudzivisa nezvemidzimu zvinokonzera kuti pave dzidzo yavo. Saka, vanaamai yemberi uye nemadzibaba, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kurega kunwa doro kuti 6-9 mwedzi asati mimba, uye kwete kushandisa panguva pamuviri (vakadzi). Uyezve, unofanira kurega fodya, kudzivisa nzvimbo apo pangava ionizing nemwaranzi, musatora zvinodhaka, kwete chairayirwa chiremba kakawanda kuti panze uye kutora anodiwa zvose mavhitaminzi uye zvicherwa.