Transverse flute uye zvayo

Mutinhimira unoyerera chiridzwa chemimhanzi chakaitwa nematanda. Icho chinoreva zviridzwa zvemhepo uye ndeyodhadhi re soprano. Kureba kwezwi kunoshandurwa nekurova. Uyewo, panguva yemutambo, mavhavha anosvinudzwa uye akavharwa nemakomba.

General information

Nheyo inoputika inoputika isiri chinhu chisingawanzoitiki mazuva ano, sezvinoitwa zviridzwa zvemimhanzi zvemazuva ano zvinowanzogadzirwa nesimbi (platinum, ndarama, sirivha, nickel), dzimwe nguvawo zvegirazi, plastiki kana zvimwe zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu. Iyo yakareba inopfuura katatu octaves. Nheyo dzomutinhiro unopfurikidza dzakanyorwa mubhiiyo re violin, zvichibva pamanzwiro chaiwo. Iyo timbre yakajeka uye yakajeka mukati mejeri rekati, mumucheto - matsi, mumusoro - zvakakosha. Mhete inowanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Anowanzoita solo yechenda. Inoshandiswa mumhepo uye symphony orchestra. Yakashandiswawo mumakamuri ensembles. Mumapikicha emimhanzi, kubva pa1 kusvika kune 5 michero inoshandiswa. Vazhinji vavo vanobva kune maviri kusvika matatu.

Nhoroondo yebazi

Mutsara unoyerera unozivikanwa kuvanhu kwenguva yakareba. Chifananidzo chayo chepakutanga chakawanikwa paRefruscan. Yakasikwa mumakore 100 kana 200 BC. Ipapo chimbo chacho chaitungamirirwa kuruboshwe. Mumufananidzo chete munhetembo yezana remakore rechi16 ndiyo yakabatwa kurudyi.

Middle Ages

Mutsara unopfuuridza unowanikawo mune zvokuchera matongo. Yokutanga yakadaro inowanikwa muWestern Europe inodzokera kumashure kwezana remakore rechi12 ne14. Kubva panguva yedu. Chimwe chezvifananidzo zvekutanga zvakabatanidzwa panguva iyoyo chiri mumapeji ecyclopedia inonzi Hortus Deliciarum. Vatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti chigadzirwa chacho chakanga chisina kushandiswa muEurope, ndokubva adzokera ikoko, achibva kuAsia, kuburikidza neByzantine Empire. MuMiddle Ages, chigadzirwa chacho chaive nechikamu chimwechete, dzimwe nguva pane maviri. Chigadzirwa chacho chaiva nechimiro chekusimudza, pamwe chete nemakomba matanhatu ehupamhi hupamhi.

Renaissance uye Baroque

Izwi rakatenderera harina kuchinja sarudzo yakawanda munguva inotevera. Chimbo chacho chaiva nema-2.5 octaves. Akabvumira kutora mutsara wose wezvinyorwa zve chromatic scale zvine fingering yakanaka. Iyo yekupedzisira yaiva yakaoma zvikuru. Bhuku repakati rakanyatsonaka. Zvizivikanwe zvishandiso zvepakutanga zvemufananidzo uyu zvakachengetwa muVerona musamuziyamu rinonzi Castel Vecchio. Yaiva nguva yebaroque. Chokutanga kuchinja kwakakosha mukugadzirwa kwechiridzwa chakanga chaitwa nemhuri yaOtter. Mumiririri wake Jacques Martin akaparadzanisa mutinhi muzvikamu zvitatu. Zvadaro, vakazova 4. Mutumbi wechiridzwa, sekutonga, wakakamurwa nehafu. Otter yakashandura kubodha kusvika kune imwechete. Nokudaro, chirevo pakati pea octave chakavandudzwa.

Muzana remakore rechi18 nhamba huru yemagetsi yakawedzerwa kune chiridzwa. Semitemo, pane 4 - 6. Zvinyorwa zvinokosha zvakaitwa naJohn Joachim Kwantz naGeorg Tromlitz. Munguva yehupenyu hwaMozart, mutambo wepakati uye nevhavha imwe yaive inowanzoshandiswa. Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechina, nhamba yezvinhu izvi yakatanga kuwedzera nokukurumidza. Mimhanzi yechiridzwa ichi is virtuosic. Zvimwe zvivharo, zvakare, zvakagadzirisa kuurayiwa kwemavara akaoma zvikuru.

Pakanga pane zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa. MuFrance, nyere yaiva nemagetsi mashanu yakakurumbira. MuEngland paiva nevane 7 kana 8. MuItaly, Austria neGermany, kwaive nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Pano nhamba yemagetsi inokwanisa kusvika kusvika 14 uye kunyanya. Zvishandiso zvakagamuchira mazita evashambadzi: Ziegler, Schwedler, Meyer. Paiva nemagetsi emagetsi akaitwa zvakananga kuti aite izvi kana ndima iyoyo. Mukati rezana remakore rechina, ruzha rweViennese rwakasikwawo, rwakabatanidza ruzha rwemunyu mune imwe octave.