The Cuban Revolution wacho 1953-59

The Cuban chimurenga chinhu kuramba tichishanda kurwisa vakazvigadzirira simba, iyo July 26, 1953 akatanga, uye yakapedzwa pakutanga January 1959 kwakakwana kukunda vapanduki. chiitiko ichi chakaita kuti achinje zvematongerwo enyika uye zvakachinja yose yemberi nhoroondo munyika.

The Cuban Revolution - Zvinokonzera

The chikuru zvinetso nezviripo pezana remakore rechi20 kumbochinja:

- monoculture kurima - hwaro nokuda indasitiri waiva shuga ipwa ;

- zvakapararira latifundia - huru private nyika, iyo specialized vaunganidze kunze kwenyika uye vakashandisa chaizvo kumanikidzwa mubayiro basa;

- the kutsamira hwenyika pamusoro yose US guru.

Pakutanga March 1952 munyika maiva nevapanduki d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba, zvokuti hwakagadzwa udzvinyiriri nemauto-mapurisa inotungamirwa Fulgencio Batista.

The simba idzva dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira uori, Cuba akatanga enyika udzvanyiriri uye mitemo kwoupfumi zvakatungamirira unopinza kuderera mune chaiyo mari pakati vemo. The vanhu yakanga ichikura Kusagutsikana kuti rinoteurwa chimiro chimwe kubvuta masimba kuedza. Kuipandukira vakananga muduku gweta uye enyika mutungamiri Fidel Castro.

History of chimurenga

Group vapanduki vanotungamirirwa Fidel Castro aiva July 26, 1953 akaita vachiedza taramba akavakirirwa yemauto Moncada nhare muSantiago. Ivo kuvimba nevanhuwo zvavo, nekuti kusagutsikana muutongi pari akanga kukuru pakati yevagari. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuitika, uye yokuzviparadzanisa pamusoro kuipandukira vakarwa oga kwemaawa maviri, akatambura unorema kukundwa.

Vazhinji vapanduki vakaurayiwa uye vamwe akabatwa uye vakauya kuna kururamisira. Fidel Castro pachako kudzivirirwa pane kutongwa nokuti aiva gweta. Ikoko mashoko ake akakurumbira: "History Kuchaita pamutoro Me."

All vaipomerwa vakagamuchira nouchapupu mujeri - kubva 10 kusvika 15 makore. Asi ruzhinji akanga ari parutivi vapanduki, kumanikidza Batista kusaina nokukurumidza ruregero murayiro. Hama Castro pakarepo pashure kusunungurwa mujeri akawanda akatamira dzakavakidzana Mexico kusika insurrectionary sangano "M-26" ( "26 July Movement") ikoko. Pane Fidel Castro akakwanisa kusangana akakurumbira echimurenga Che Guevarra, uyo pakarepo akabatana M-26.

Pakutanga December 1956 kusvika kumahombekombe enyika Oriente akananga Yacht "Granma", iro tikamira 82 vapanduki nezvombo. The Cuban chimurenga rokugadzirira akapfuurira padariro basa utsinye. The kumhara pakarepo akacherechedza mauto ehurumende, uye rakaparadzwa anenge zvachose. Maererano zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana, akapukunyuka kubva 11 kusvika 22 vanhu kubva muboka iri.

Pasinei mumwe kukundikana, asi kuipandukira haana kufunga mapfumo. Kwakasarudzwa yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora zvakadzama munyika, vanoenda kune kumaruwa. Ikoko, vapanduki rutsvene vavimbe vagari, basa navo kupinda kwayo pamisara. Mumaguta, zvakare, raiva basa dzichishingaira pakati vadzidzi. Rakarongwa vakazvigadzirira yokumukira pfungwa.

Pakazosvika nguva Batista hurumende yakanga kusatendera kwete nyika yavo asiwo US - kunyanya zveupfumi uye uto naye pamusoro Cuba. Chokwadi ichi chinoita mumaoko pakati kuipandukira.

Muzhizha 1958, Cuban chimurenga aenda pamusoro tsamwisa chokutambudzika. By yematsutso vapanduki wadzikamisa weruwa Las Villas uye Oriente, uye pazuva rokutanga 1959 mauto avo achipembererwa akapinda Santiago. Panguva imwe chete zviitiko izvi Che Guevarra mauto guta Santa Clara.

Batista akasarudza kutiza munyika, uye hurumende yake chaizvoizvo basa. January 2 kuipandukira kubatikana Havana - guta guru Cuba. Mazuva mashoma gare gare, musi waJanuary 6, muguta achipembererwa yasvika Fidel Castro kutora hurumende zvizere itsva.

Nhoroondo Cuba mushure chimurenga

The yakakura Kushandurwa nyika yakatanga panguva kamwe. Panzvimbo vaimbova muchiuto akauya Rebel Army uye mapurisa akatora nzvimbo vanhu nevarwi.

The agrarian kuchinja rakanga raitwa May 1959, somugumisiro iyo matunhu akanga aparadza, uye nyika yakava enzvimbo vanhuwo zvavo uye hurumende. Gare gare, muna 1963, mapurazi makuru naivowo zvabviswa, uye nokushandira pamwe kwakatanga shuga zvekutepfenyura.

Uyewo 1959 nemabhangi nemabhizimisi makuru vakava enzvimbo ehurumende, uye muna 1960, ndiye mugumo yaakavingwa America yemakambani.

Kubvira muna 1961, iye yakatanga munyika rokubvisa kusadzidza.

Rakadzikama mamiriro akanga kure hweruzhinji. Media vava zvakazara rinotungamirirwa, vagari vava achiongorora kwazvo makomiti ari kudzivirira chimurenga.

Masangano ezvitendero, kusanganisira machechi akawanda Catholic, vakafirwa zvose zvavo, vapristi vakanga kunyanya muBenin.

Relations pamwe United States pashure pokuchinja, dzakaderera zvikuru, uye Castro asarudza achishingaira kutamira pedyo kunyika yeutongi bloc - kunyanya chete Soviet Union. In February 1960 zvakanzi yakasainwa chibvumirano wokutanga kutambira pedyo Cuba nesu weSoviet.

The Cuban chimurenga kwakakanganisa kuti nyika yave zvachose ayo ezvematongerwo enyika uye akaparidza pacharo mukupera kwegore 1961 pamutemo ane mugovanisi mamiriro.