The vatsvakurudzi huru Russian uye Zvavakawana

Vafambi Russian huru, mazita izvo rakanyatsojeka guru, chakaita pave mugungwa wezvokutengeserana uye akamutsa mukurumbira munyika. The vemunharaunda kwesayenzi kuzivikanwa kuwedzera ruzivo kwete jogirafi, asiwo pamusoro nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, uye Chikurukuru - vanhu vaigara dzimwe nyika, uye tsika dzavo. Ngationei mutevere makwara Vafambi makuru Russian Reisen dzavo yakawanikwa.

Fodor Filippovich Konyuhov

Great Russian mufambi Fyodor Konyukhov harisi chete rinozivikanwa anoda kutsika, asiwo rokupenda, akaremekedza tenzi mitambo. Akaberekerwa muna 1951. Kubvira pauduku, aigona kuita kuti vaizopiwa zvakaoma vezera ake - kushambira mumvura inotonhora. nyore Aigona kurara hayloft. Fedor aiva utano hwakanaka uye kugona kumhanya kwenguva refu marefu - a makumi shoma makiromita. Mumakore 15, vakakwanisa kuyambuka Gungwa Azov achishandisa kukwasva chikepe chokuredzesa. kufurirwa Theodore, uye sekuru vake, uyo aida jaya kuva mufambi kwazvo, asi mukomana aida ichi. Vafambi huru Russian kazhinji akatanga kugadzirira pachine nokutsvaka rutsigiro uye gungwa nzvimbo.

buri Konyukhov

Fedor Filippovich Konyuhov akatora mugove 40-kufamba, akadzokorora yacht Bering nzira, uye nechikepe kubva Vladivostok kumukuru Islands, akasvika kuna Sakhalin uye Kamchatka. Mumakore 58, yakunda Mount Everest, uyewo 7 panhongonya dzawo muchikwata nevamwe makomo. Akashanyira zvose North uye South namatanda, nokuda kwake 4 vakapoteredza nyika Reisen, vayambuka Atlantic 15 nguva. nemaonero ake Fedor Filippovich zvinoratidzwa pamufananidzo. Saka akanyora 3000 mifananidzo. Mukuru nenzvimbo Zvakawanikwa vafambi Russian zvaiwanzonzwika mumabhuku avo, uye Fedor Konyukhov akasiya 9 mabhuku a.

Athanasius Nikitin

Great Russian mufambi Athanasius Nikitin (Nikitin - .. zita zvomutengesi Chokutanga, kuti zita rababa vake raiva Nikita) akararama muzana remakore rechi15, uye gore raakazvarwa harizivikanwi. Akaratidza kuti kunyange munhu mumhuri varombo vanogona kuenda kure, chinhu chikuru - kumisa chinangwa. Akanga ane ruzivo mutengesi yakaendako kuIndia muna Crimea, Constantinople, Lithuania uye hugota cheMoldavia uye vakauya kumba mhiri kwemakungwa zvinhu.

Akanga ari chizvarwa Tver. Vatengesi Russian akaenda Asia kumisa ukama vemo vatengesi. Ivo pachavo kwakauyiswa ikoko, kazhinji furs. Sezvo mugumo Athanasius akanga kuIndia, kwaaigara kwemakore matatu. On adzoka akanga kubirwa uye akaurayiwa pedyo Smolensk. Guru vatsvakurudzi Russian uye Zvavakawana vave nokusingaperi kuramba munhoroondo, nokuti mberi vakashinga uye ushingiwo vanoda achidzungaira kazhinji vakafira ngozi uye refu nzendo.

Kuvhura Afanasiya Nikitina

Athanasius Nikitin akava Russian mufambi vekutanga akashanyira India uye Persia, munzira iye shure akashanyira Turkey uye Somalia. Munzendo dzake akatora manotsi "Rwendo Beyond Matatu Seas", iro akazova bhuku nokuda kudzidza Tsika dzimwe nyika. Zvikurukuru zvakanaka vanoratidzwa zvaakanyora Ages India. Iye akayambuka Volga, Gungwa muArabhia uye reCaspian, Sea Black. Kana pedo vatengesi Astrakhan vakanga kubirwa nokuda Tatars, haana kuda zvose kuenda kumba uye kupinda muchikwereti muchiteyeso, uye akaramba rwendo rwake, vaienda Derbent, ipapo Baku.

Nikolai Maclay

Maclay anobva mumhuri anokudzwa, asi aifanira kudzidza rufu kwababa, kuti kurarama muurombo. Aiva mupanduki pachisikigo - makore 15, akanga asungwa nokuti chikamu mudzidzi mienzanisiro. Nokuda kwaizvozvi, haana chete rakava asungwa munhare, kwaakagara kwemazuva matatu, asi akanga adzingwa chikoro ane mberi kurambidza kubvuma - iye saka nokuda akanga arasika mukana wokugamuchira yepamusoro mu Russia kuti zvadaro akaita muGermany.

Ernst Haeckel, yakawanda inozivikanwa zvakasikwa, akavhomora nzeve munhu kuziva mukomana ane makore 19 okuberekwa uye akakoka Maclay ari rwendo, ane chinangwa chaiva kudzidza zvomumvura fauna of. Nicholas akafa makore 42, pamwe nechirwere nenzwi rake, "mumwe kudzikira simba muviri." Iye, kufanana nevamwe vafambi dzakawanda Russian, akapa chikamu chikuru muupenyu hwake muzita Zvakawanikwa itsva.

kuvhura Maclay

Muna 1869 Maclay achitsigirwa wokuRussia Geographical Society akaenda New Guinea. Beach kwaakanga asvika, ikozvino kunzi "Maclay Coast." Ndapedza kupfuura gore iri rwendo, akachimedura pasi idzva. The zvemo akadzidza Russian mufambi sezvo akura nhanga, chibage, bhinzi, sei kutarisira miti yemichero. 3 aakapedza ari Australia, akashanyira Indonesia, Philippines, muzvitsuwa Melanesia uye Micronesia. Akakurudzirawo Kwataigara kwete kupindira anthropological zvidzidzo. makore 17 oupenyu hwake kudzidza zvemo vanhu Pacific Islands, Southeast Asia. Nokuda Miklouho-Maclay akanga akapikisa zvokufungidzira kuti Papuans vari mumwe munhu worudzii. Sezvinogona kuoneka, makuru vatsvakurudzi Russian uye Zvavakawana akabvumira vamwe nyika kwete chete kuti vadzidze zvakawanda pamusoro nenzvimbo tsvakurudzo, asiwo pamusoro vamwe vanhu vanogara New Territories.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Przewalski

Przhevalsky aifarira mhuri yamambo, mushure rwokutanga aiva rukudzo kusangana Alexander II, uyo akapa muunganidzwa wake Russian Academy of Sciences. Nicholas mwanakomana wake aifarira mabasa Nikolai Mikhailovich, uye aida kuva mudzidzi wake, iye kubatsira bhuku nyaya pamusoro 4th rwendo, akanyunyuta 25 zviuru. Rubles. The Tsarevich ragara mberi kune tsamba kubva mufambi uye akafara kuti kunyange pfupi nhau pamusoro rwendo.

Sezvinogona kuoneka, kunyange panguva upenyu Przewalski kwakura inozivikanwa unhu uye mabasa ake uye mabasa vakagamuchira yakawanda mbirikira. Asi, sezvo dzimwe nguva chinoitika, kana mukuru vatsvakurudzi Russian uye Zvavakawana tava wakakurumbira, mashoko akawanda upenyu uye ezvinhu rufu rwake achiri yakafukidzwa chakavanzika. Zvizvarwa Nicholas Mikhailovich haana, t. To. The mberi nokunzwisisa chii mugumo kwakamirira naye, angadai asina kubvumira pachake mhosva nomudiwa pamusoro standby zvechigarire uye kusurukirwa.

Panovhurwa Przewalski

Nemhaka nzendo Przewalski, munhu Russian mukurumbira nesayenzi kuwedzera itsva. Muna 4 nzendo mufambi akapfuura zvuru 30. Makiromita, akaenda Central uye Western Asia, ari Tibetan rakaorera uye kumaodzanyemba chikamu Taklimakan Desert. Akavhura anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri zhinji (Moscow, inoshamisa, uye zvichingodaro. D.), Rondedzera chikuru nzizi Asia.

Vakawanda vakanzwa pamusoro Przewalski kuti bhiza (a subspecies kuti bhiza yomusango), asi vashoma vanoziva pamusoro vakapfuma zoological muunganidzwa mhuka, shiri, amphibians uye nehove, vakawanda zvinyorwa nezvezvirimwa uye herbarium kuunganidza. Mukuwedzera nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, uyewo itsva zvakawanwa nenzvimbo, mukuru Russian aiongorora marudzi Przewalski vanofarira vasingazivi vokuEurope - Dungan, kuchamhembe Tibetan, Tangut, magintsami, lobnortsami. Akasika basa "How kufamba muCentral Asia", iro aizogona chakanakisisa mutungamiriri nokuda vaongorori uye muchiuto. Vafambi huru Russian, kuita zvinhu, nguva dzose dzakapiwa ruzivo kuti kukura sayenzi uye anobudirira sangano idzva nzendo.

Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern

Russian aiongorora akaberekwa muna 1770. Aiva mukana kuva mukuru wenyika rwendo yokutanga kubva Russia, sezvazvakaita mumwe havaoni kuti National Oceanology, imwe Admiral, imwe unoenderana nhengo uye honorary nhengo Academy of Sciences muSt Petersburg. Great Russian mufambi Kruzenshtern akatora Zvinoshingaira, akasikwa apo Russian Geographical Society yacho. Muna 1811 aiva nomukana kudzidzisa muGungwa kadheti Corps. Zvadaro, achiva mukuru, akaronga wakakwirira mukuru kirasi. ipapo ichi yakava Academy of Naval.

Muna 1812, iye akasarudzwa yechitatu werombo rakanaka wake vanhu varwi (akatanga Hondo Yenyika II). Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, ratora bhuku remabhuku matatu mabhuku, "Vatariri pasi pose", ayo mumitauro minomwe European. Muna 1813, Ivan Fedorovich anosanganisira muna Chirungu, Danish, German uye French nesayenzi nzanga uye zvikoro. Zvisinei, 2 Kwapera makore, iye akatuma pamusoro narini pazororo nokuda kukura ziso chirwere, kuoma yacho uye ukama yakaoma neGurukota Marine. Vazhinji vatsvakurudzi vakakurumbira uye vafambi akatendeukira kuna Ivan Fedorovich mazano uye rutsigiro.

kuvhura Kruzenshtern

akanga 3 years musoro Russian rwendo munyika muzvikepe "Neva" uye "Hope". Pavaifamba nechikepe vaifanira aongororwe muromo Amur River. Kokutanga munhoroondo wokuRussia rengarava akayambuka neequator. Kuburikidza rwendo urwu, uye Ivan Fedorovich, kokutanga akazviratidza pamepu kumabvazuva, kuchamhembe uye kuchamhembe-yokumadokero Sakhalin Island. Uyewo, pamusaka basa rake vachaona chiedza "Atlas Sea South", zvizere hydrographic manotsi. Nokuda rwendo makadhi vakanga vakadzima chitsuwa zvaitoshayikwa, chaiyo nzvimbo nemamwe georgaficheskih pfungwa akanga akatsunga. sainzi Russian akadzidza pamusoro Mezhpassatnyh Undercurrent muna Pacific uye Atlantic nyanza, akanga akayera tembiricha mvura (kusvika 400 mamita kudzika), rinorondedzerwa kwayo chaiyo uremu, ruvara uye zvakajeka. Pakupedzisira zvakava pachena chikonzero icho chiedza gungwa. Uyewo, pane mashoko ari mumhepo kumanikidzwa, masaisai uye munzvimbo dzakawanda nyanza kuti vakashandisa vamwe vafambi makuru Russian avo nzendo.

Semon Ivanovich Dezhnov

mufambi Great, akaberekwa muna 1605. Navigator, aiongorora uye muzvinashawo, akanga ari muchinda Cossack. Akanga ari chizvarwa Ustyug Great, uye akabva atamira kuSiberia. Semyon Ivanovich aizivikanwa ake nedzenyu tarenda, ushingi uye kugona kuronga uye kudzora vanhu. zita rake akapiwa nenzvimbo pfungwa (headland, Bay, chitsuwa, musha, Peninsula), kuti shoma ice-mudariki, kufamba, mumigwagwa, etc.

yokutanga Dezhneva

Semyon Ivanovich makore 80 asati Bering Strait yakaitwa (ainzi Bering) pakati Alaska uye Chukotka (zvakazara, ukuwo Bering kwaingova chikamu). Iye chikwata chake akawana gungwa nzira kumativi okumusoro-nechokumabvazuva Asia, yakasvika Kamchatka. Hapana asati uye handina kuziva chikamu kuti munyika umo America akapotsa unga pamwe Asia. Dezhnev akapfuura kweArctic Ocean, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda kuchamhembe pamhenderekedzo Asia. Iye vakanyora mamiriro ayo Strait pakati American uye Asian mabhanga, uyewo Chukotka Peninsula. Kamwe muna Olyutorskii Bay nechikepe, kukupfura ake, pamwe chete skis uye sledges, ndava mavhiki 10 asati ari Anadyr River (nayo akarasikirwa vanhu 13 kubva 25). Pane kubvuma kuti kugara Alaska rokutanga vakava rutivi Dezhnev chikwata, akaparadzaniswa rwendo.

Saka, vachitevera tsoka wokuRussia mufambi mukuru, unogona kuona sei kutanga uye nokusimuka Russian masayendisiti, kupfumisa zivo kunze nyika, akapa kurudziro huru pave nemamwe maindasitiri.