Chii Semiboyarshina? Semiboyarshina Panguva Troubles

Munhoroondo Russia munguva 1610-1612 biennium. Iye akapinda Semiboyarshina - paitonga vamiririri manomwe ari Boyar Duma, vagadze hurumende Transitional, chinangwa rakanga kugadzirira nesananguro mambo mutsva panzvimbo iri pachigaro Vasiliya Shuyskogo. Zvisinei, kunyanya Nguva Troubles, pamusoro izvo zvakaitika, vakarayira pakarepo chiito.

Nyika iri ezvinhu zvikuru dambudziko

The enyika uye zvoupfumi ezvinhu Russia pakutanga 1610 kwakanga kwakaoma chaizvo. Zvikuru vanoshorwa kwaari yakayerera hondo pamwe Poland, mukuwedzera, pedyo kumudzivo Moscow, ane hondo imwe anoedzesera kunomhangara basa mugari wenhaka choumambo - Venhema Dmitry II. Munyaya, akaenda nenzira remadunhu- Tushino mbavha - panguva nzvimbo pemisasa yavo mumusha pedyo Moscow Tushino.

Zvinhu yakanga kuwedzera nokuti vabereki migumisiro refu kuti asati yakatsvairwa mhiri Russia, kumukirawo inotungamirwa Ivan Bolotnikov uye kurwisa nagayskih uye Crimean Tatars. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti yokunyanyisa urombo vanhu uye hakudzivisiki muzviitiko zvakadaro munzanga kwezvematongerwe. Chimwe kukundwa Imperial mauto muhondo pamwe Poles yaiva nhangaruvanze kuti kusagadzikana kwevanhu uye pachigaro chevaux Vasiliya Shuyskogo.

Education Semiboyarshina

Mberi mberi nokuti nesananguro imwe autocrat itsva, uye kugadzirira chiito ichi chinokosha muupenyu ehurumende, uyewo kuti chibate nyika iri kuchinja nguva akanga aumba hurumende dikidiki, raisanganisira vanomwe kupfuura zvakanaka akaberekerwa uye vane nhengo Boyar Duma. Pakati pavo paiva machinda FI Mstislavsky, IM Vorotynsky, AV Trubetskoy, A. V. Golitsyn uye boyars BM Lykov-Obolensky, I. Romanov uye FI Sheremetev .

Saka, panogasa vokuPoland kupindira mudzimba matambudziko, akaumba Semiboyarshina. Paitonga simba, inotungamirwa Prince Fodorom Mihaylovichem Mstislavskim kwakaguma muna akwira choushe, mambo wokutanga House of Romanov - Mikhail Fedorovich, uye kuguma Nguva Troubles. Asi izvi pashure refu uye yakaoma nguva.

Kushomeka simba boyars

Kuti tinzwisise zviri Semiboyarshina uye sei paupamhi vaiva nemasimba ake, anofanira kufunga zvinhu akapararira panguva iyoyo kumativi Moscow. Kubva muvhidhiyo zvinyorwa kuti kumadokero kwayo pedyo napedyo eguta akanga Poles, rinotungamirirwa Hetman Zhelkovskim, uye kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, muna Kolomna, vakagara pasi mauto Venhema Dmitry, yakawedzera acceded kune Lithuanian kukupfura Sapieha. Nokudaro, nokuti nguva dzose Semiboyarshina simba rayo haana kuwedzera mhiri guru.

Kumanikidzwa vanyengere pamberi Poles

Mubvunzo chii Semiboyarshina munhoroondo Russia, sezvinoita mutemo, haana kutsamwisa gakava. Kazhinji, nhengo sangano rehurumende basa basa vatengesi rudzi, uye pfungwa pano ichi. Pachake, dzinonyanya kutyisidzira hakusi Poles, uyo pamwe zvaigoneka kusvika pakubvumirana kana muchida, uye nevarwi anoedzesera, akanga yakawanda vatsigiri pakati vanhuwo muMoscow. Kana kuhwina mbavha Tushino boyars havana kwakaparadza misoro yavo.

Izvi chakavaita kutaurirana hetman Zhelkovskim uye kusaina chibvumirano pasi izvo Russian chevaux akanga kuva Vladislav Vasa - mwanakomana Polish King Sigismund III. Akatsigira munyengeri Lithuanians inotungamirirwa Sapieha vakabvumirawo kupika kuvimbika mambo Polish, saka, Venhema Dmitry II akanga kunyimwa mukana chaiye kubvuta simba muMoscow.

Mubatwa pachavo zvisarudzo

Zvisinei, kuti tive makuru pachake nokuchengeteka, boyars usiku September 21, 1610 Kremlin muchivande akazarura magedhi uye regai vanopinda nechisimba muguta guru. Kubvira yose zvinoreva dare nomwe akanga aderedzwa kuzadzisa basa puppets mumaoko amambo wePolish, uyo akapedza zvinomufadza mutsetse ake enyika kuburikidza protege ake - the commandant of Moscow Aleksandra Gonsevskogo. Makurukota vakanga kunyimwa simba chairo uye vakava chezvematongerwe hostages. Yakanga iri basa iri akavaita wenhamo kuona mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti: "? Chii Semiboyarshina"

Kunyange zvazvo chibvumirano infringes National zvido vanhu vokuRussia uye zvaigumbura kwaari, Kwakanga kusina mubvunzo pamusoro accession reRussia kuna Commonwealth, asi waiti ndichengetedze Orthodoxy munyika yose nenyika yaro. Pachake Ardzhanova Vladislav, akanga, maererano chibvumirano, anosungirwa kuenda kunze Catholic kutenda Orthodoxy.

Nehanya, akagarisa munyika kushatirwa

Mushure rose simba chairo vakapfuura pamaoko hurumende Transitional kuna gavhuna Polish, akagamuchira chinzvimbo boyar, vakava zvisingadzorwi naHama munyika. Maererano Vladislav ake akasarudza nyika uye matunhu muna Russian, uyo akaramba akatendeka kuna ake nyika basa, uye akapa kure zvavo Poles kunobvumirwa nokukurumidza ezvinhu ayo. Izvi zvakakonzera sefungu nehasha munyika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti panguva iyi mafungiro ake kuna Poles vakachinja uye Semiboyarshina.

Panguva Troubles simba rinokosha pakati vanhu vakanakidzwa musoro neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia Patriarch Germogen. A Patriot yokumusha kwake kwechokwadi, iye pamwe vatsigire boyars, akatuma tsamba dzose pamusoro Russia, iyo akadana pakusikwa anopamba uye zvombo kurwisa pamusoro occupiers. Pasinei chokwadi kuti mirairo gavhuna wePolish, akanga mujeri mugomba iri Chudov wemamongi, kwaakanga nokukurumidza vakafa nenzara, shoko rake rakava nhangaruvanze somugumisiro iyo pakanga echiShinto pakati Minin uye Pozharsky pasi masvingo Moscow.

End nguva Semiboyarshina

Zvakazoitwa 1613 sarudzo pachigaro mambo Mikhail Fedorovich, aiva kuguma nguva anozivikanwa munhoroondo Russia sezvo Semiboyarshina. Panguva yaitonga vamiririri nomwe chemhando nevaitonga Moscow zvakarurama kuonekwa chimwe chezvinhu zvakaoma nguva yose Panguva Troubles. Panopera nyika anenge apinda idzva nhoroondo munguva.

Kutaura nezvemavambo rokuti, zvinokosha kutaura pfupi kunopera chitarisiko shoko Semiboyarshina. In the Time Troubles, uye inotevera maviri emakore, nhengo hurumende mamiriro richinzi "sedmochislennymi boyars." Sokushandiswa nhasi kokutanga mashoko chinowanikwa chete muna 1813, muna Nyaya AA Bestuzhev-vazoedemz.

Munhau Russian asati paiva nenguva apo pasina simba wamambo wakange kusimbiswa mumaoko boyars 'makomisheni. Izvi zvakaitika ainyanya kana Kesari akaenda kuhondo kana refu outorwa. Zvino yakava tsika kuumba miviri iyi hurumende pfupi vanhu vanomwe. Anonyora pamusoro izvi zvakadzama zvaainyora wokuRussia wenhoroondo XVII remakore, mabharani nhume kuti G. K. Kotoshihin.

Kuedza uongorore zvakare zviitiko zvekare

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mumakore achangopfuura mubvunzo chii Semiboyarshina uye chii basa rayo munhau yeRussia, aiva chiedza siyanei. Kutoti zvakajeka muSoviet nguva simba iri pfupi anoonekwa somunhu kumutengesa, mune post-perestroika nguva paiva mabhuku umo wokurangana pamwe Poles aionekwa chete akachenjera nedzenyu kufamba zvainanga kuponesa nyika kubva reropa mhirizhonga, zvisingadzivisiki pakuparwa mukukunda Venhema Dmitry II.

Nhasi, ari kubuda pfungwa pfungwa, vaongorori vane mukana kupa zvakawanda chinangwa tinyatsonzwisisa enhoroondo zvinoitika apfuura emakore, ramakagadzwa anopindura nzvimbo rinokosha Semiboyarshina. Makore raiparadzanisa isu kubva iyoyo haina akadzimwa National ndangariro zvinhu zvisina kunaka zviri mabasa ayo, asi ivo vari akabvumirawo kuvapa kunzwisisa zvakadzama.