Social Democrat August Bebel: Biography, inobudisa zvinhu uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Enyika uye munyori August Bebel akaberekwa February 22, 1840 muguta wokuGermany Cologne. Akanga ari mwanakomana murombo vasiri basa mukuru. baba vake vakafa tibhii apo mukomana aiva muduku chaizvo. Amai chirikadzi akamunzwira mwana ari Hessian taundi Wetzlar. Ikoko August Bebel akaenda kuchikoro.

inotungamirwa

Mumakore 14, remangwana Socialist akatanga kudzidza lathe unyanzvi. zuva rake kushanda rwakatora maawa 14. Munguva pfupi akasununguka nguva kuyaruka ndaverenga zvakawanda, kuchipedza bhuku mushure bhuku. kufarira mabasa ake ndiwo enganonyorwa "Robinson Crusoe" uye "kabhini Sekuru Tom kuti." Bhuku rokupedzisira rwakanga rwakazvitsaurira kuti dambudziko muuranda America. Saka, kunyange mabhuku kuravira ukozoro akaratidza zvakajeka wechiduku Bebel kusaruramisira munzanga.

Dzidza, munyori ramangwana akava yakawanda hwokufambira. Kutsvakatsvaka akaikanda zvakasiyana-siyana nenzvimbo, asi pakupedzisira, iye ndokugara Leipzig. Panguva yokufamba August Bebel wakati aunganidza ruzivo zvakaumba iye somunhu. Kushanda somutariri anofambira journeyman, akanga yakareba maitiro nezviremera, wakaiswa pakati mushure 1848 chimurenga.

Kutanga nevamwe

Just apo August Bebel aigara Leipzig (1860), iri yose Germany yakanga kurondwa kumutsidzirwa upenyu enyika. Kuwedzera uwandu parinouya mienzaniso iri kushanda. Kusagutsikana yaiva musimboti kwete Leipzig asiwo Berlin uye Elberfeld. Under izvi ezvinhu, kufanana howa mushure mvura yakatanga kubuda vashandi 'mibatanidzwa. Muna 1861 Bebel Avgust akabatana yekosi Educational Society.

The sangano akaita nomukurumbira Turner. Haana chete vakadzidza zvakawanda asi akavawo chiito dzose paruzhinji. Nokukurumidza Bebel waibatanidzwa nekambani utariri. Asi vavariro haana kumubvumira kuti agare ari basa rokudzidzisa. Muna 1866, Bebel, pamwe Vilgelmom Libknehtom akavamba Saxon vanhu Party. Panguva iyo enyika akava sachigaro Council zvebasa mibatanidzwa.

nenheyo mugovanisi

Munzvimbo yake itsva August Bebel akaenda mumwe rapprochement pamwe chete International First. Ake Chisarudzo zvakakonzera vaitirane nharo iri mubato. Somugumisiro, izvozvo rwakakamukana. Muna 1869, Bebel akatora achidzora zvitsva Social-Democratic Labor Party, razova flagship ari kuruboshwe-bapiro pfungwa muGermany. Chekuita Gwaro aiva kukosha vatsigiri ake ose uye neshamwari. Izvi runoratidzwa dzinenge ndechokuti Karl Marx vaimuona dzepamusorosoro mutungamiriri German Social Democracy.

Kunyange muna 1867 musarudzo kuna Reichstag of North German Union, iyo August Bebel akasarudzwa. Biography chezvawanyora muenzaniso upenyu hwomunhu, kusvikira pakuguma vachirwira maonero avo. Pakati hondo France, Bebel akapa nhaurwa romoto umo akavakurudzira kuti norugare French, nokuda yokubatana vashandi kunyika dzose. Nokuti mutauri uyu akaedza kuti kumusoro ndamukirwa. Panguva Leipzig kutongwa August Bebel Social Democrat akatongerwa makore maviri mujeri.

kutambudzwa

Mujeri, yakawanda policies kuzvidzidzisa, saka kunyange mujeri rake, akakwanisa kushandisa zvichivabatsira. Nokukurumidza Bebel akasunungurwa uye akaramba kurwira kodzero vashandi. Muna 1878 akanga akadzingwa Leipzig akava amai. Chikonzero simba udzvanyiriri raiva "Anti-Socialist Law." Gwaro iri, wakasainwa Kaiser Wilhelm I, zvakarambidzwa leftist bato mabasa kunze reParamende.

Bebel akatanga kugara Borsdorf. Akaramba kuenda kunyika uye kuitisa Semi-pamutemo Party basa, yaakanga kaviri akatongerwa stints pfupi mujeri. Bhuku 70s uye 80s. Akaratidza kuti August Bebel kubva Pfungwa pfungwa maonero. Akanga wepachokwadi mutsigiri Karla Marksa uye pfungwa dzake anounzwa "Capital". Bebel akashora revisionism mu German gutsaruzhinji anokanda kudzokorora hwaro dzidziso kuruboshwe.

"Mukadzi uye Socialism"

Pane zvakawanda aphorisms uye mashoko Avgusta Bebelya pakuzivikanwa mabhuku ake. Basa guru uye kupfuura unoshamisa kumunyori anogona kunzi bhuku "Woman uye Socialism," rakabudiswa muna 1878. Bhuku rino waiva mugumisiro makore akawanda basa. Kare muna 1869 Bebel aiva paramende wokutanga muna Reichstag akamutsa nyaya mutemo unodzivirira vakadzi kuti basa.

Munyori proletarian kutamburira airwisana Bourgeois evakadzi. Maererano Bebel, akanga asina kukwanisa kubvisa vanhu hupfumi kuvimba vakadzi vanhu, achishanda nevakadzi uranda, chipfambi uye zvepabonde kusarurana zvavo mhuri. The chikuru chinangwa Socialist panyaya idzi munyori vaiona kubudirira pakati chechikadzi nekuenzana. Mubhuku, munyori, kune rumwe rutivi, akarondedzera nhoroondo hwevakadzi nechinzvimbo munzanga, uye kuno rumwe - yakatsanangura zvinotarisirwa Vatsigiri vavo pachinhu nenyaya dzevakadzi. Bhuku rakabudiswa pfuurei gore mushure "Anti-Socialist Law." Saka, zviri pakarepo pashure chitarisiko chake akava wakasuduruka nezviremera. Zvisinei, kubva bhuku rino Bebel kuwana chete kuwedzera mukukurumbira.

antimilitarist

Muna 1889, zvakatanga neInternational Second. Mabasa okupedzisira oupenyu hwake Bebel akanga ainyanya musangano uyu. Shamwari Social-Democratic kufamba munyika yose naye inokosha mabasa. Bebel, magwaro utano, nguva dzose muchirongwa reCongress of International. Zvikurukuru achirova aiva Zvaakanyora muna 1904 panguva Congress muAmsterdam.

Uye muna 1907 muna Stuttgart Bebel kamwe zvakare, sezvo mumakore ake ouduku, akatsoropodza vatsigiri chiuto. At reCongress wakapindwa yokuRussia émigré Vladimir Lenin. Mutungamiri Bolsheviks, uyewo ROZA Lyuksemburg uye Menshevik Julius Martov akaita yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita mashoma Bebel kuti chisarudzo, iye akabvuma. The yokupedzisira shanduro gwaro akadana vashandi kana ngozi yehondo chokudzivirira maonero avo pamberi zviremera vavo, kusanganisira kushandisa nzira kurwisa dzisiri reparamende.

Rufu uye Nhaka

Bebel akafa musi August 13, 1913 Swiss guta Passugge. Maererano kuda mutemo, akavigwa Zurich. On kwake akavachema kwete chete muGermany asiwo dzimwe nyika dzakawanda munyika yose. Misangano mikuru pakuyeuka imwe mugovanisi rakaitirwa Russia, America, uye kunyange Australia. Obituaries mudziviriri ari proletariat akadhindwa muna zvose nokushanda mapepa.

About Bebel akataura kuremekedza Lenin nevamwe Bolsheviks. Ivo aikwezva pfungwa pamusoro pekusadziviririka yeGutsaruzhinji chimurenga. The wezvematongerwe enyika anotenda zvombo Varwisei zviremera kudiwa kugumisa upenyu zvishoma kudavira kuti kuruboshwe anogona kuzadzisa zvinoda achishandisa dzeparamende. Uyezve, Bebel akanyevera kuti zviremera kuvhima vanoshanda kirasi zvakananga kuna imperialist kwainondobayiwa, kana ukuru incandescence kirasi European munzanga inosvika muganhu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi kana mumwe, asi Hondo Yenyika Vokutanga zvechokwadi vakatanga chete pagore pashure pokufa yakakurumbira mugovanisi.