Pavlovskaya nadzurudzo 1991: hunokonzera, migumisiro

Vazhinji yeuka gore chii Pavlovian kuchinja kwakaita kuti kwokupedzisira impoverishment reSoviet vanhu. Zvinonzi Kazhinji nezita wokutanga uye, chaizvoizvo, wokupedzisira wehurumende yeSoviet Union. Ngatimboongororai mamwe chii chinoumba Pavlovian zvinhu 1991: hunokonzera, nzendo, zvinokonzerwa zvinhu.

Mamiriro munyika

Kutanga muna 1991 chinhu chakanaka kuti isaparara Soviet Union vakanga vasina zviratidzo. On kumucheto nyika kakawanda Inter-kwemadzinza ezvizvarwa ari zvitoro akanga yose yokushomeka vanhu yabuda mu refu pamwe nekurutsa. Economic kushandurwa Gorbachev akasvika pasina kutungamirira, kuti kugadzirisa haana kutora nzvimbo. Hurumende akaedza kuenda kubva akaronga kumusika zvoupfumi. Zvisinei, institutionally hurumende haana kugadzirira ichi - munyika vasina zvakakodzera vanhu uye zviremera. Ruzhinji rwakapindura vemo vasingagoni kupa munhu zvakakwana mari yezvokudya uye maindasitiri zvinhu. Vanhu vakajaira maturo echiShinto. The chete akanaka kukura panguva - mudanga kubhadharwa mwero muhoro. Zvechokwadi, hurumende akaziva kuti kana ukatanga vatore uye basa mari, zvichaguma vakawanda okutsutsumwa. Uye hurumende iri zvaisagona kubvumira. Vanhu Zvichakadaro haana zvinoda yakawanda upfumi. Vagari of Soviet Union akashandisa kurambidzwa, kwezvokudya, zindoga. Munhu wose akararama kubva PayDay kusvikira PayDay, vachitsvaka kugovera mhuri dzavo rokutanga panzvimbo zvigadzirwa rechipiri - redzimba. Maererano Prof. Volchik hunhu iripo zvakawandisa mari nerubatsiro yakanga vakaumbwa accruing dzinoparadzana masangano vakaronga nzira management. Dzisingapindirani uye ita mhirizhonga kushanduka akaparadza centralized hurongwa, asi hazvina kubatsira paumbwe pamisika pamutemo zvigadziriswe nemasangano.

Sei Pavlovian kuchinja rakatanga muna 1991?

Money munyika, aivapo akawanda. Zvisinei, mune ano dambudziko ezvinhu, vari kuramba devalued uye akava benzi tsvina pabepa. The yepamutemo chikonzero chainzi pakurwisa Banknotes yokunyepedzera, "anokandwa kubva kunze kwenyika." Mukuwedzera, hurumende yakasarudza kutora mashoko unearned mari. mashoko akadaro zvikonzero kwaisava zvaizivikanwa dzidziso Soviet. Asati agadzwa, zvaiva pachena kuti chinokosha chinangwa - kubviswa Banknotes, yakadhindwa mukupera 80s. kuita sotsgaranty aunganidza vanhu uye runogonesa kwaiva mutengi zvigadzirwa.

kuronga kuchinja

kuchinja akava munyori Valentin Pavlov, ane makore 53 okuberekwa "mutsigiri wehurumende capitalism", gurukota Finance. Kubvira muna 1986, akaudza State Committee of USSR mitengo. Nokudaro, iye asingazivi pfungwa, asi mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo. Pavlov akanga refu ndichitsvaka dzakasiyana kuti mari kushaya kubva kuruzhinji, unsecured zvinhu. Achitora mushumiri mumhanyi muna July 1989, iye yairamba kufunga pfungwa shanduko. Maererano nechirongwa vake kuchinja zvaisanganisira kubviswa mari nekumwisa, asi vanobatsirawo zvibereko mitengo, kufungisisa mutengo mabasa uye nenhumbi.

Kuchinja mikana

Pavlovskaya mari kuchinja muna 1991 kunanga munhu pfungwa shoma. Pakati pavo paiva vaya vakambotadza vakanga kushandiswa mune dzimwe nyika. Yakagadzirwa uye zvakanaka gangaidzo pfungwa. Somuenzaniso, sezvo pfungwa imwe yaiva pakatanga "mari dzakafanana" vachitevera muenzaniso zvendarama zvidimbu 20-ies., Asi asiri mari kutenderera. Imwe pfungwa vaifungidzira munhu confiscatory kukanzura pasina mukutsinhana yekare Banknotes uye zvikwereti murau mashandiro ose anobuda. transformations kwakadaro rwaiitwa muna 1948, muna reGermany chanzera Adenauer. Zvakaguma rakapotsa zvachose kuti "pamusika dema." Paiva neimwe, mumwe musarudze, izvo zvinogona rambai Pavlovian kuchinja muna 1991. Mari, muripo nokuda uneshongedzo mu yechinangwa tisingatauri yakamisirwa mari, kunyanya haana muvanhu. Zvisinei, utariri hunotora wekurukurirano National mari chete kuchinja akamboona. Muchiitiko chino, imwe vakabvumirwa kuti nemari zvinopfuura imwe mari zvachose kunorondedzerwa. Gurukota vakasimbirira pamusoro kunokurumidza mufambiro kuchinja kuti mari dzisiri okubhengi, uye "ari zai capsules", kana vanhu havana nguva, kana havana kukwanisa kupfuura zvachose. Rezvemari haana mubvunzo kuti ruzhinji vanhu shoma mari kuponesa chinhu, uye chengeta chete "kutendeseka vanhu" vari guru masangano dendere zai.

kururamiswa transformations

Pavlovskaya nadzurudzo 1991 yakanga aifarirwa Gorbachev. Nokuti chinangwa ichi zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti tuzvikonzero. Pavlov aishandisa-refu anozivikanwa nzira. Muzhizha ra1990, iye nyaya zita Gorbachev uye Ryzhkov chakavanzika akacherechedza. Mairi mufundisi rinotsanangura kudiwa kuchinjana mashoko 50 uye 100-Ruble manotsi chete muna 1961. kuti ivo ndivo vhoriyamu hombe aivigirwa kwose. Ryzhkov, ari panguva iyoyo sachigaro Council of Vashumiri yakumbira kusimbisa tsika zviremera. Pane akashuma kuti muganhu rinowanzova kuyambuka gumi-mabhiri pane mazana. Discussion akatanga, izvo zvakazoita Ryzhkov ikabva yapera. Gorbachev, iri kukurumidza kurasikirwa kukurumbira pakati pavanhu vakawanda, vaida murume aizoita kutora basa rinotevera matanho. Pavlov iri zvakakwana akakodzera basa iri. January 14, 1991 candidacy ake akabvumirwa kuti pambiru wehurumende.

Manual Cabinet

Pavlov akatanga basa sezvo wemakurukota tisare. With mukuru wehondo, akavavimbisa kuti hapana kugadzirira ramangwana okuchinja haana kupedzwa. Akati kuti mari kushandurwa - chete chikamu zvizere-siyana zvinhu pfungwa dzisangopfuma. Isolated vakabata mari kuchinja pasina kugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko maturo, nokuti haitungamiriri chero mhinduro. Uyewo, Prime Minister akati kuti kuchinja upfumi achaita mari mabhiriyoni 5 rubles. Uye akataura kuguma kutaura kwake kuti aivapo panguva iyoyo musimba kugadzirwa Banknotes kuchaita kuunganidza zvinodiwa uwandu Banknotes itsva mukati mumakore matatu.

Kufara pakati vanhu

Vagari Soviet, kare wakajaira Pfungwa kumusumudza utariri vari havaratidzi kunzwisisa musimboti pamisika upfumi, asi akambonetseka tsvina Wandinyengedzerei kudivi webato. Munhu wokutanga munyika yamira kushandisa chero chipi chivimbo. Information nezvewikendi kuchinja seeped kuburikidza neshamwari, saka vamwe vagari aifanira kuchinja "mazana" dzavo uye "mari" pachine. Pausiku kuziviswa kupanana chavagari akava nenguva "shanduko" iri mari pachiteshi zviteshi uye pevhu, zvitoro, vatyairi tekisi. Zvisinei, izvi "rombo" vaiva chimwe. All vaifungidzirwa zvinhu, asi hapana aiziva kana kana sei zvichakanganisa kuitwa. kuchinja Future inokurukurwa kwese: mu zvekufambisa, kumayunivhesiti, kumapurazi, muna maindasitiri, muhondo. Vazhinji vacho vakabva rumwe rutivi pakugumisa kuti "kuponesa Chokwadi, hapana", uye pamusoro mumwe - ". Chandakukanganisira zvakadaro"

Pavlovskaya nadzurudzo mari: Kutama "chiito"

22 January, Gorbachev akasaina chirevo, maererano izvo wakasuduruka riparadzirwe 50 uye 100-Ruble manotsi muna 1961. uye vakatsinhanisa nokuti zvinyorwa zvitsva madiki. Kubvira vakatanga Pavlovian kuchinja zvinhu 1991. Mari vanhu yaiva shoma pane kutarisirwa. Exchange Mari iri uwandu anosvika 1 zviuru. Kuzora. Akasika mazuva matatu chete - kubva 23 kusvika 25 January (neChitatu kusvika Chishanu). Muchiitiko chino, withdrawals vakanga achingopiwa 500 rubles muna Sberbank. The mukutsinhana kwakagadziriswa kuguma March pamberi, asi rinokosha makomisheni. Vaiona nyaya dzose kupotsa wava yoga. Panguva iyoyowo vagari vanofanira kuudzwa apo akamuka uwandu vanopfuura zviuru 1. The vemutungamiri chirevo kuverenga kubva pa 9 pm, kana masangano anenge zvose risisiri zvakashanda. Vagari njere kupfuura kunyonganiswa vakatanga kuponesa mari yavo. Mumwe vakamhanya shanduro, mumwe akatenga vaviri matikiti kuti ndege kana chitima Vols siyana, kuti vakazochinja zvakaitika kwavari. Zvisinei, nguva yose iyi kuti chikwata chete.

Exchange urongwa

Pavlovskaya nadzurudzo akasika yakakura mitsetse kare mangwanani 23 January. The mahofisi Sberbank vaiva "vamiririri" okushanda collectives, rakachinja bhiri rose brigades. Kukarukureta mazano mevhiki zvishoma anoruramiswa. Vanhu vazhinji havambokwanisi nguva kuwana kubva kugadzirwa kuti mabhanga. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, yomunharaunda Kutarisirwa kwaiva kusangana vanhu. Exchange mahofisi akasvinudzwa pakuburitswa, romukova mahofisi. Pemitsara pachavo vaiva dzinombokakavadzana, munhu arwara. Somugumisiro, mashoko Pavlovian mari kuchinja akabvumira kuti mubve vemo vanenge 14 bhiriyoni rubles. The varongi, Chokwadi, chinangwa akandosungawo anopfuura mabhiriyoni 51,5 kubva mabhiriyoni 133 (anenge 39%). Pavlovskaya zvinhu, mukuwedzera, raisanganisira nechando kuti Bank mari. With mari idzi kuti dzinounzwa% 40 paminiti annum. Zvisinei, kuti vavabatsire kuva asina kwokutanga pane gore rinouya.

zvabuda

Pavlovskaya nadzurudzo zvikuru akaderedza National mari. In tichienzanisa 1990 nayo yakaderera nezvikamu 20%. Panguva iyoyowo yekudyidzana kwakawedzera kuti bhajeti dhefisiti. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, muna 1991 zvikavavarira kusvika 20-30% kubva GDP. Apo Pavlovian zvinhu rakapera, yakanga yakarongwa nokuda vapomere vatorwa mabhanga, dzichivapomera kwakarongeka mabasa zvainanga kukanganisa riparadzirwe mari iri USSR. In padariro rechipiri zvinhu, pasina tendero chiziviso musi April 2 munyika mupasi rose kwakawedzera mutengo nevatengi zvigadzirwa pasinei nokuti kwemakumi emakore, vakaramba mudanga pamwero. Zvose izvi zvakaita kuti pave nemhedziso kurasikirwa chero chivimbo utungamiriri webato. Vagari vaiona pachavo kubirwa kaviri.

mhedziso

Sezvo migumisiro voruzhinji vanoratidza Pavlovian kuchinja akava mumwe kiyi zvikonzero kukundikana kubvuta masimba. Anozivikanwa kuti yatorwa weConservative hurumende uye Soviet Politburo muna 1991. Zvinokosha kuti pakati nhengo Emergency Committee vakapinda uye muvandudzi Valentin Pavlov. Gare gare, akati kuti panguva vanhu vashoma vakaziva uye vakatenda kuti akamboda asiri Pfungwa nyaya. Muna January ava kunopera, 91-fung vomuSouth haisi chete zvivi chisipo Banknotes, asiwo nhengo yake kare. Vanhu vaigara Vladikavkaz, vakapupurira zviitiko izvi, uye kazhinji zvino kuyeukwa sezvo Ndira 26, rimwe zuva pashure mukuru kufara, panguva pakuvaka State Bank paaizooneka vakapfeka zvakanaka murume ane sutukezi. Akarivhura uye akadurura murwi chando pamusoro 50-Ruble Banknotes uye moto wavo. Kubva pfungwa nemaonero modernity, zvichienderana Volchik, chimiro ichi anochinja hakumbogamuchiriki zvachose. Zvisinei, kana tiri vaongorore mamiriro ezvinhu sezvayakaita rapfuura utariri, imwe nzira zvinhu zvemari haana nyore. Zvinenge zvose akasiyana kuchinja USSR confiscatory. Uye "chinhu" ari mangwanani 90 raiva kuvapowo.