The chikuru zvinoitwa kombiyuta processor

Shoko rokuti "kadambari mudziyo" zvino anozivikanwa ose wechikoro. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti kunyange maawa anogona kuwanikwa zvinhu makombiyuta. Kugona kuita masvomhu inopiwa chinokosha Chips rurefu mwero kusangana pakati transistors - processors. Main zvechadenga microprocessor (CPU), kunyanya kuona kumhanya remapazi ayo. Ndokusaka varidzi pachake makombiyuta richikosha kunzwisisa nyaya iyi.

Nhasi tiri kutarisa chii hunhu chikuru processor uye kupa mazano kusarudza Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri muenzaniso wavo. Shoko rokuti "mashoko" inosanganisira dzakawanda zvinhu uye Implementation kwokunze zvinovaka. The chikuru zvechadenga processor - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, kukwanisa kwake; uwandu constituent zvinhu; kumhanya kushanda uye nezvimwewo.

Shoko rokuti "ikakuruma" rinoreva chitsama mashoko inogona kupatsanurwa paminiti kutenderera (imwe oparesheni). Binary digit anonzi wedzeredzei. 8 matomu anoumba rimwe byte. Modern CPUs yavangapa kubva 32 kusvika 64 matomu. Mhando chaidzo processors kunogonawo dzinoratidzwa mamwe digit (4, 128, et unto.). Zvino Michina kombiyuta iri kuwedzera kushandiswa 64-ikakuruma kadambari.

Kusarudza CPU, nguva dzose unofanira kufungawo chikuru zvechadenga processor. Chero muridzi kombiyuta anoziva kuti mabasa yose yezvinhu dzinongoita pakutsvaga wachi kumhanya ari microprocessor. Pamisika unogona kuwana akafanana mienzaniso kuti usiyane nomumwe chete kakawanda kushanda. Wachi maitikiro zvisina kunanga rinoratidza uwandu zvokutanga remapazi kuteererwa IC paminiti chikwata nguva (yemanyorero seconds). Sarudza tsika wachi, ari ipapo kupatsanurwa ne zvemagetsi nematunhu (vawanda). Sezvo tiri kutaura pamusoro kakawanda, zviri pachena kuti parameter ichi unotaurwa megahertz (MHz) uye gigahertz (GHz). Saka, mamwe mamiriro ari vakaenzana, muenzaniso ane kakawanda 3 GHz riri dzichimhanya kupfuura 2.5 GHz.

Main zvechadenga processor hadzina simba ikakuruma kudzika uye maitikiro. Pakusarudza CPU zvinokosha kuti unyatsoteerera nokuwanda cores. Pfungwa yokuti 'multi-Musimboti "akazviratidza tichishandisa yapfuura, chete pamberi chizvarwa chimwe vanoshandisa. Sezvo zviri mumuviri hazviiti nokusingagumi kuwedzera wachi nokukurumidza mumwe muenzaniso itsva, vagadziri akasarudza batanidza kuva chete pasuru vakawanda fanana processors. Uye pakanga multi-makirisito CPU. Zvichitevera izvi, nzira inokosha optimize chirongwa rakatanga, saka zvino musoro kutenga chete multi-makirisito womuenzaniso. Kutaura zvazviri, kunyange vazhinji maserura kare kushandisa hunyambiri-Musimboti processors.

Panguva yokupedzisira kuita kuti mukuru zvakadini kuchinjwa kukura cache. Kusiyana kwakajairika ndangariro modules, cache transistors akaisa zvakananga dzimba zvakafanana musimboti. Izvi zvinoita mukuru-nokukurumidza date exchange. Kune zvitatu kwevari cache: L1, L2 uye L3 (akanyorwa kuitira kuwedzera kukura). Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvibereko nomumwe wavo 20% kunotungamirira kuwedzera nokukurumidza ne50% .Naprimer, kana kwokutanga muna L2 256KB vaiona chaizvo, zvino hapana achange kushamisika multi-megabyte wechipiri-yakati cache. Kusarudza CPU, inofanira dzakada muenzaniso pamwe yakawanda cache ndangariro. Cherechedza kuti L3 harishandiswi pamusoro mienzaniso zvose (apo kuramba yakakwirira kumhanya Masvomhu).

Rinotevera Pakanzi - rutivi mapurani. Pakutsvaga yokuvaka, ari Specification kunzi bumbiro zita nokuda mutsetse - Liano, Sandy Bridge, etc. Somuenzaniso, chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe itsva processors zvakafanana mugadziri ane yepamusoro nokukurumidza (ceteris paribus) ..