Ndeipi pamutemo muenzaniso? Pfungwa yakatanga muRoma yekare, rinobva muchiLatin "praecedens", iro rinoreva "yapfuura". Mugore chinyakare pfungwa muenzaniso pamutemo rinonzi chisarudzo nematare kuti azvidavirire kana nokufunga nyaya dzakamirira pamberi pedare kuita repamusorosoro yakafanana nguva iyo tora kushanda muna iyi ndiko mutemo uye anofanira kusunga kumatare. Izvi chinzvimbo kwenguva yakareba (kubvira muzana remakore rechi13) anochengeterwa mutemo vatorwa - Great Britain, New Zealand nedzimwe nyika zvinowanzoitwa kana vehurumende mutemo, iyo yakaumbwa pakutanga somunhu sanyorwa munzanga mutemo "vanhuwo mutemo".
Zvisinei Zvinofanira kusimbiswa, kuti nokusungwa simba haasi mhinduro pachayo iri imwe nyaya, mumwe mhedziso dzidziso rinokosha chikamu Mutongo High Court, anofanira kushandisa kuti nokusingagumi nhamba yevanhu uye mamiriro ezvinhu. Saka, zviri pamutemo muenzaniso anopa Implementation pakati nheyo nevakariri mutemo repamutemo mafungiro - kutungamirirwa kufamba pfungwa kubva zvikurukuru zvavo.
mitemo Russian Modern iri zvinosiyana nezvenzvimbo nezvakatongwa muenzaniso akaradzika pasi ari inokosha mumutemo nyika - muBumbiro reMitemo - musimboti kupatsanurwa simba rehurumende iri nevarikutonga uyewo zvemitemo nezvakatongwa. Maererano nenheyo iyi, hapana imwe hofisi yehurumende havafaniri nemabasa mamwe maviri, chii kunokwanisika, maererano omunzvimbo vanodzika mitemo, mashoko kwekuva inoshanda zvikuru, yakajeka uye democratic kuvakwa wehurumende simba. Kubva musi uyu, nezvakatongwa zviremera havana kodzero kuva pravotvortsami kuita mashandiro anoita Paramende uye achitora sarudzo dzinoshanda mune ramangwana vazhe. Saka, nyaya muenzaniso muchiRussia mutemo pamutemo kuti manyuko mutemo haushandi. Zvisinei, murayiro Russian uye tsika litigation ine undoubted basa, sezvo wayo kudzidza ndiyo hwaro paumbwe nevakawanda zvokutonga munzvimbo. Panguva iyoyowo, kubva nemaonero vamwe vanyori vanoshandira racho Constitutional Courts zvisarudzo pamusoro kuziva yepamutemo zviito kana ari contravention reMitemo pangava nzira dzavo zvemitemo basa, huripo vava kuda kutyora mitemo akazivisa nebumbiro remitemo. Chokwadi kuti magadzirisiro izvi vanopa pachena uye inowirirana nzvimbo Constitutional Courts, iyo inova madikanwa kuti mutemo enforcers, saka, chokwadi, kuwana zvinhu ichikonzera mutemo. Mukuwedzera, yokuita sarudzo vasiri uchiwirirana zvimwe mutemo reMitemo, Dare achava simba kutora chisarudzo pamusoro Kudzimwa nezviito zvavo uye kunyange achizadza navo zvakasiyana kugutsikana. Vavengi dzidziso iyi vanoti sarudzo uye dzepamutemo nzvimbo yacho Constitutional Court - hachisi pamutemo muenzaniso, sezvo havasi kuita akazvimirira mitemo, uye dzinobva zvakananga simba mutemo mukuru munyika. Uyezve, kuzivikanwa matare muenzaniso pamutemo nzvimbo yakataurwa Constitutional Court zvayo zvisarudzo, pachako hazvienderani musimboti kupatsanurwa kwemasimba , uye saka zvisingagamuchirwi. Kunenge kuti panguva iyoyo iri kukura wechipfuwo mutemo vanoisa Transitional nguva umo Constitutional Court (sezvo muviri chikamu nezvakatongwa ino), chaizvoizvo, aoma achichengeta mabasa enzvimbo yacho zvemitemo bazi, kutanga pamutemo muenzaniso.