Zvinonyatsorehwa nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende

Nerutendo zvakanaka kwevagari mutemo mitemo atadze pamwe 01.02.2013 On nhasi akapinda kushanda kuMudzidzisi yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Civil Code. Kubvira ipapo musimboti kuvimbika muna Russian mutemo wehurumende anoita somumwe anokosha bhuku pfungwa nokuda kwemaitiro masangano. Key zvokudya yakatangwa nyaya 1, ndima 3, 4. Funga mamwe sei nerutendo zvakanaka kwevagari mutemo Russia (zvishoma).

mamiriro

nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende - chinodiwa hwokuti havabvumirwi kubvisa zvakanakira maitiro avo, kana inotyora zvinofarirwa nevamwe vane chekuita. Chakagamuchirwa yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuna Civil Code rave omei upgraded 10 nyaya. Shanduro itsva dzakaonda zvikuru kubva mhiri pachiitwa kodzero dzavo. Panyaya iyi, kuti hapana chinhu yakapiwa circumvent mirau, anoonekwa sezvo soro chimiro kumbunyikidzwa pamutemo vachikanganisa. mitemo Updated dzinoenderana zvinodiwa kuradzikwa Article 1 Code.

Nezvezvisikwa zvokudya

Tichifunga zviri zviga kutenda zvakanaka mutemo vehurumende kunyorerana nezvaidiwa inadmissibility kushungurudzwa yokupira okuita, vanofanira kupindura mimwe mibvunzo. kudiwa kwakadaro hwakabatana pamwe nevamwe zvakawanda zviri kushandiswa chaikwo mitemo. Kunyanya, nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende iri enshrined Rokudhirowa. 1 Code. Izvi inotaura "ukuru" mitemo. Muchiitiko chino, Munongedzo p. January 10th nyaya yacho Civil Code rinoreva kuenzana ari inadmissibility ari kushungurudzwa uye nhungamiro kutenda chakanaka. naizvozvo zvakafanira kuti aone kana chikamu mwero wechipiri. Kana mhinduro iri hongu, danho rinotevera zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kure dzinosanganisira zvinodiwa pamusoro inadmissibility kushungurudzwa pakati nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende. Muchidimbu, mwero rokutanga anogona kuva neizvi divi yechipiri iyi. Zvinokoshawo kuziva kana chinzvimbo Art. 1 Kutonga chaiyo kwakavakirwa nezvaidiwa inadmissibility kushungurudzwa. The kwaita dambudziko iri nokuti kuti nemitemo Art. 10 vakaiswa kushanda pamberi nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende. The jurisprudence kuti kwakasimbiswa iri kushandiswa mutemo wokubvumira ndiko, panguva iyoyo yakava hwaro kushandisa zvatinopiwa of Art. 1 Civil Code. Pakupedzisira, unofanira kusarudza kana izvi hamuzi muchikwata-siyana zviri pamutemo masangano?

akatsanangura

The Chinodiwa razero kushivirira uye nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende zvikurukuru havatsananguri musimboti voratidza mirayiridzo kukura ezvinhu dzemunharaunda of Civil Code. Ivo nechokwadi nokusimbaradza kubatana zvokudya uye ukama nokudzorwa navo. Kutaura zvazviri, vanoita sezvinonzi mitemo mudzimba kushandiswa uye kuvandudzika yevagari nyaya. Uyezve, Mapoka aya kutora basa kuchengeterwa mitemo, kumutsa pamutemo tsika nyaya kwokukurukurirana. Uye nezvaidiwa razero kushivirira, uye nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende zvinowanwa kubva unhu BALANCInG. Rinotaura wakaenzana vechikamu vose ukama. muenzaniso uyu unoratidza pfungwa pamutemo marongedzero kuenzanirana proportionality, kururamisira kushandisa vamiririri yaaizova uye kuita mabasa. With ichi Zvechokwadi kupindirana musimboti yenjere uye kuvimbika. In mutemo wehurumende, kuenzana pamutemo kunoratidzwa kwete chete muchimiro rusununguko, rusununguko rwokusarudza, uye chibvumirano, iyo inviolability pfuma. It runonyanya kuratidzwa kwakarongeka maitiro maererano nezvido zvakaenzana nyaya.

The huripo kutenda zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende

Kubva zvakanyatsoenzana zvaizoitika nzvimbo nhatu. Izvi zvinosanganisira nhungamiro kururamisira, kuvimbika uye optionality. Mumwe nomumwe wavo rinosanganisira runoenzanirana okunze. Somuenzaniso, akanyudzwa mukati musimboti wokururamisira;

1. Tikafunga paruzhinji uye pasiri kufarira.
2. Rokudzorera mutemo.
3. Kudzivirirwa sezvo kuona kudzoreredzwa chibharo zvido.

Optionality zvinoreva:

1. Rusununguko chibvumirano.
2. The inviolability pfuma.
3. The inadmissibility pamusoro rusina kukanganiswa vari voga uye paruzhinji zvenyika.
4. Kudiwa pamutemo zvinogona pasina chero zvipingamupinyi.
5. Initiative uye rusununguko.

The Implementation pakati nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende inobva normative pakagadzwa, Implementation, kudzivirirwa nomutemo okuita, zvakakodzera chokupika mabasa, uyewo kurambidzwa kubviswa zvose zvakanakira maitiro zvinopesana nemitemo. Saka, chinokosha chinangwa chayo adaro anoita pokugumira.

akanyatsorongwa pamusoro dzemunharaunda

nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende unoshanda nenzira Limbo pamutemo. Saizvozvowo, chiito uye kudiwa pamusoro inadmissibility ari mukana kushungurudzwa. Zvichakadai, maererano vamwe vanyori, Art. 10 Civil Code iri yokumusoro hierarchical chechetere. nzvimbo iyi kwakakonzerwa ndechokuti mutemo uyu kudzvinyirira protivosistemnogo kushanda mutemo. Kana inobva kududzirwa hachishandi nevakawanda Mapato kwouzivi pakati ine musimboti yenjere uye kuvimbika. In mutemo wehurumende, kushungurudzwa, uyewo zviito kukodzera inzira muviri, kushandiswa dzemunharaunda. Kunyange zvazvo pakuonekwa kwavo pamutemo zvakasikwa, asi zvayo yomukati zvazviri, vari ndonda, havabvumirwi.

Kuparadzirwa dzemunharaunda mabasa

nerutendo akanaka ano mutemo wehurumende unoshanda kwete chete maringe nomutemo chinzvimbo. The zvokudya Articles 1 uye 10 Civil Code pane Kurambidzwa kushungurudzwa mitoro. Panyaya iyi, kuvimbika kodzero dzevanhu kutyora kukundikana kuisa hwakagadzwa maitiro zvinodiwa. Hazvina kushandisa kugona kwayo mumatare kuita zvakaipa nevamwe vechikamu motokari. basa iri anorondedzera zvakananga vezvenhau mutemo. Zvinonzi zvainanga kurwisa zvinovavarirwa nyaya udyire.

tsanangudzo

Zvinodiwa yakanyorerwa zviito mumwe munhu, anoumba musimboti wacho mabasa. Vari pedyo Maererano kuzviitira kodzero, anoumba munhu chinhu ukama. In tsanangudzo mabasa mupe rairatidza chokwadi kuti chiyero muchimiro uye maitiro zvakakodzera. womuenzaniso chibvumirano ichi ushandiswe munhu kana pamutemo zvaigara. Panyaya iyi, shoko rokuti "mhando" rinoreva Qualitative unhu maitiro mabasa avo kugutsikana uye chimiro, "chiyero", akavapindurawo, anosarudza zvimwe mukati izvo nyaya anofanira kuita chero chinhu vachida imwe pati kuti ukama. miganhu izvi zvinogona spatial, epanyama, uye zvichingodaro. Muchiitiko chino, kunyange kupfuura yakamanikana chikamu nyaya anogara Zvinogoneka kuita kwayo basa mune imwe nzira, chero nguva, ari kana panzvimbo kana pasi dzakananga ezvinhu. nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende kunosanganisira chinodiwa kuti zvakakodzera. Mabasa, akavapindurawo, pane pamutemo mukana kuzozadzisa mirairo. Ndicho ichi "mikropravo" anogona kuita senzira mufambiro kunaka. At paro, handisi chinhu zvakasiyana pane iyi kubva "chinyakare" kushungurudzwa kodzero.

Kunwa rokudzivirira zvido

Kune nzvimbo dzakawanda, zvinhu nerutendo zvakanaka. In yevagari mutemo Russia zvinopa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti kudzivirira zvido. Ivo huri nyaya 12 Civil Code. Kushandisa mukana wokuita kudzivirirwa zvino sechinoitika imwe rakajairika uye panguva imwecheteyo chakaoma zvikuru siyana yokusazvibata. Rinoreva nzvimbo inotaurwa nerutendo zvakanaka. In yevagari mutemo Russia, mukana yokutaura nyaya kudare iri rainyatsoigona dare. Kazhinji, munhu akakweretesa vakatuma kutaura, anogamuchira pakaunda-kutaura ne dolzhnika.Posledny anotsvaka kunonoka muedzo zvekufamba kana pane zvose kuti vanonzvenga mutoro. Somuenzaniso, pamusoro mharidzo chikwereti dzibvise dzinofunga (yomupomerwi) anotaurira kutaura kuti kuzivikanwa chibvumirano pasi pacho Akagamuchira uye atoshandisa nenhumbi haichashandi. Defaulting munhu akanyorera muchiitiko ichi akatotanga kushandisa pursuant kuti chibvumirano, asi chete naye chete inozivikanwa kwezvikonzero motokari mharidzo hatidi. Nyaya Naizvozvo, anoda kuwana nguva, kushandisa vanhu yakasimba. Iye Vangaedza anyengetedze counterparty kupinda yokugara chibvumirano, dzokerai chinhu pane nharo muripo pasina muripo chirango uye zvichingodaro.

chaiwo zviitiko

Vamwe nyaya dziri kushandisa kodzero kudzivirirwa nokushandisa Chikamu 10 Civil Code pachayo. Tichingotarisa, kushandisa mutemo uyu, unogona kudzima kuzviitira pamutemo mukana. Panyaya iyi, munhu hanya vaparidze kuti vezvenhau kodzero mhiri akasimbisa muganhu mutemo. Pakadaro, pachava zvetsika mitemo chepamusoro chimiro. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kukurirwa ne hurongwa dzevagari mumatare zvigadziriswe kuti kudzivisa kutonga nyaya pamusoro wayo kugutsikana pamutemo, uye zvikurukuru - kushandisa enshrined muna Art. 1 Civil Code of nerutendo zvakanaka.

Specificity chiito uye kunyaya

nerutendo zvakanaka mutemo wehurumende ichikutadzisa ari maitiro mabasa nyaya mukati zvimwe. Muchiitiko chino, hapana kunzwisisa kwakajeka sei mashandiro ari kurambidza mabasa uye dzakasiyiwa vachiravana. Zvikurukuru, hazvisi pachena kana azvino chimiro kushungurudzwa, kana kwazvinoita chivakwa kudzidzira zvakanaka. Kusiya sainzi, anowanzoonekwa somunhu nzira yepamutemo mukana, kana wakaiswa zvakadaro chinzvimbo chibvumirano kana mitemo. Zvakananga mukati ukama aripo chaipo, kana pane prerequisites kuti:

1. Non-kutambira pfuma.
2. Kukundikana upfumi.
3. Vasina munhu Zviito, kwete ukama kutapurirana / negashiro pfuma.

Saizvozvowo, tinogona kusiya kunoitika apo pane vanosungirwa nomutemo:

1. Regai kuwana pfuma.
2. Haripi zvaioneka zvinhu.
3. Usaita chero zviito dzisina chokuita pakuunganidza / kuchinjwa pfuma.

Kubva apa zvinoreva kuti kusiya anogona kuva muna matanhatu kwakajairika siyana. Mukana wavo kushandiswa, uyewo basa, nyaya inogona kushandiswa zvisina kufanira. Saizvozvowo, dzakasiyiwa kwakasiyana-siyana inofanirwa anoparadzirwa unconscientiousness musimboti. In mutemo wehurumende, apo chinowanzoonekwa zvaisanganisira mu sechivako pfungwa "kuita".

Muganhu pamutemo kuita

Art. 10 Code rinorondedzera miganhu kushandisa kodzero. Norm unorambidza dzakananga - magaramwoyo maitiro. Mukusiyana, nerutendo zvakanaka zvinoita "Blurred". In Art. 10 inopa rinokosha limiter pachavo kungwara nyaya vachishandisa kwavo kwepamutemo kusarudza. Kunyanya, mutemo haabvumiri zvaiitwa vomunyika akazvipira ane chinangwa chete kuti kukuvadza vamwe, pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda hwakagadzwa mirayiro. It wairambidza kushandisa yepamutemo nzira yokurambidza makwikwi, kushandisa kureva musika nzvimbo. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kushanda vamwe kunzwisisa kurambidzwa. It iri ndechokuti kurambidzwa pacharo rinobva yepakutanga zvinotaurwa vehurumende mutemo. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo hariwaniki achangogara uyewo yoga chawo, izvo zvinofanira kukurukurwa kuitira kudzivisa systemic kuzvipokanidza pakati mitemo uye chawo.

chinokosha

Zvakafanira kuona kuti mune zvakanaka kutenda nheyo, hapana chinoratidza kuti zviito nemaune. Muchiitiko chino, zviri chipo munyaya. 10. Tichitevera kushandisa kuzviitira kodzero pfungwa "zvakaipa" kune vamwe blameworthiness chiso. Netsaona kuti chiitwa yavo repamutemo nzira inofanira kukurukurwa kuitira kuti tort kuita. Kana zvinodiwa Mazvokuda pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda uye yakasiyana chimiro kushungurudzwa kuti munhu sechinhu achida uye anofanira nekusimba. Nemamwe mashoko, nyaya basa anouya chete nokuda migumisiro yezviito vakanga vari kwayo vavariro. Nokuti zvose chakawedzerwa kuti zvinokonzerwa kubva kunze, hazvigoni kutsiviwa. narushitelya waini iyoyo Inoshandiswawo kuumbwa, pamwe nenzira akasarudzwa, asi, chokwadi, havasi kuziva zvinovavarirwa vavariro kusvikira pakuguma. Zvinonzi, maererano normotvortsev, anoshanda sechinhu chinokosha chezvinonhuwira kugumbusa uye kuzviitira chikamu kushungurudzwa. Guilty anobva audza pachake akafunga kukosha zviripo nemitemo pamutemo chokufuka navo, masking neimwe nyaya, dudziro ravo. Achitungamirirwa udyire chinangwa, nyaya hanya fanira mitemo.

Kuzivikanwa kutenda zvakaipa

Izvi, chaizvoizvo, zvinoreva kunyatsoongorora unhu munhu sechinhu chisina kukodzera. Zvichakadaro, mune mazwi kusiri pamutemo yokusazvibata mutongo haushandi. Mutoro kunosanganisira munyoro zvirango. Somuenzaniso, anogona rakavhara chidzoke kodzero uye mabasa (Article 157), ichipa zvinhu zviri pfuma (Art. 220 uye 302), kunokanganisa (Art. 1103), mari muripo (Art. 303), kuripira, uye zvichingodaro. zvirango izvi chokuita achida kana kungwara munhu pakukwanisa kwayo mumatare.

mhedziso

The zvezvinotaurwa nerutendo yakanaka inogona kunorondedzerwa chokudzingwa. Zvikurukuru, izvozvo inodzora kwete chete mamiriro ezvinhu umo kushandiswa zvisizvo, asi apo chiri vasipo. Mukuwedzera, nerutendo zvakanaka zvinoshanda ari zviitiko apo mugadziriro Art. 10 maererano kugutsikana havagoni kukurira chiitiko. Mumwe ezvinhu akadaro, Somuenzaniso, zviri mu Article 6 Code. Kunosanganisira kushandisa nhungamiro kutenda zvakanaka pasi mitemo yakafanana. Uyewo, mugadziriro Art. 1 inogona kushandiswa nguva apo chinhu. 10 pacharo anova mudziyo kushungurudzwa. Panyaya iyi, nerutendo zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro inofanira kushandiswa pachiimbwa indasitiri yose zvokudya mutemo yevagari.