Chii nhema? Fiction: Definition

Chii nhema? Mhinduro yomubvunzo uyu. Fantastic nyaya, ingano, kana - a Genre ngano, inova detembo kana prose rondedzero, rimwe bhuku duku, kunyanya enyambo kugutsikana, riri pasi mufananidzo chaizvoizvo nemaune akavhiringika.

Kutsunga nhema

VY Propp, philologist uye folklorist, akapindura mubvunzo pamusoro chii ingano - iyi ndiyo imwe mhando ari tarenda Genre, apo mukati vyvorochena chokwadi. Rondedzera kwavari nyaya zviitiko muupenyu zvachose zvisingaiti, saizvozvo, kufanana pamafudzi munhu muwisira doro, Dhadha pamusoro wake, kuvaka dendere uye mazai, uye ipapo bere anouya kudya navo.

Russian ingano

Kwemazana emakore, muRussia paiva chikoro ngano vana kubvira 4 kusvika 12 makore, umo anoratidza pacharo rukuru nechido uye kuvhima, akaritumidza yokunyepera.

Genre ichi inotangwa Clowns, vanotaura nyaya, mhanza nziyo kusetsa uye mashoko vaitambira mumaguta mumisha uye pamusoro hooters uye waxwings.

In mukudzidza National ngano, akaita Andreem Sinyavskim, vakanga dzinounzwa tarenda nyaya uye ingano, raakanga anodana nyaya zviitiko, yakanga kumbovapo uye asingagoni kuva. Ndicho ingano (tsanangudzo Andreya Sinyavskogo). Kureva izvozvo anoshamisira uye mamiriro ezvinhu pachena alogical, yakaitirwa kuti kuita enyambo kushanda. Somuenzaniso, iye anotaura chaenga kubva "Northern Tales", rakanyorwa NE Onchukovym. Rinotaura pamusoro sei mumwe munhu akaisa demo mutsoka dzake, chiuno demo mubato, kutsemura huni nebhanhire. Mukadzi wake wakange ari runako - ave panze nepahwindo, saka imbwa dziri kuhukura kwemazuva matatu. Ndizvo yokunyepera. Tsanangudzo Genre ichi rakapiwa pakutanga ino.

Kusiyana pakati Zvinorema dzechembere uye ngano

Anoti Andrei Sinyavsky uye kuti mune ingano, kuitira kuti vabudirire enyambo zvazviri, mune mashoko pamwechete, tsika dziri swapped. Sezvo Zvinorema ngano, tarenda nyaya - munhu Parody of rungano pachayo. Musiyano pakati pavo iri yokuti siyana mapato parodied. Zvinounza chinangwa Zvinorema zvakaedza musimboti urefu uye connectivity. risina chimiro chete inoramba: yakazvimoneredza ruoko kuti kusaverengeka cheni mashoko. The naka nyaya tigutsikane kuna penga upenyu hwaAbhigairi nyaya pacharo rayo muitiro remweya uye chishamiso. Ndizvo yokunyepera.

Fiction mu America

American ngano sezvo chinhu chinokosha pane Genre kuti ingano, iyo yakatanga kusvika makwikwi dundundu muna Wild West. "Toastmasters International" ndakaiswa pamakore maviri, makareverera kurwisa kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi, sezvo chete chinoumba kungasanganisira zvakasiyana tarenda nyaya nokuvuka. Ubatanidzwe iyi, vakapiwa nhoroondo maminitsi 3-5, uye zvadaro haanzverwi vatongi.

Inonyanya kufarirwa magamba rengano iri America zvinosanganisira zvinotevera vatambi, vamwe vari zvakare historiallinen: hofori lumberjack Paul Bunyan, uyo akatora demo ake pazuva rechipiri pashure pokuberekwa kwake; Pete Cordes, munun'una wake muduku; Toni Biver; Pecos Bill, Daniel Bun nevamwe.

Fiction mune dzimwe nyika

Sezvo kutonga, chiito ingano (ngano Australia) kuitika mugwenzi, somuenzaniso, Spivey, kunozivikanwa ranji. Ndivo protagonists kuti Big Bill scooped zvakanaka rakagadzirirwa marasha migodhi, kupfuura benzi ranji mugari; uyewo yakakurumbira Strigal uyo vakabatwa simba guru, ainzi rwakakombama Mick. unhu ichi anowanikawo mubasa "anokuzendamira Mumhepo" Alana Marshalla.

Popular gamba kuti ngano siyana muCanada ndiye Mafero Joe, ane mbiri hunhu, hofori lumberjack.

Fiction ari dzinoitwa mutsika

Popular nzira KuMasiye pakutanga remakore rechi20 vakanga mifananidzo kuti akaitwa pamusoro postcards. The creators anowanzonzi aibatanidza kudhirowa uye mapikicha, vachishandisa kuchinja maonero uye kugadzwa nokuda mufananidzo kuredza hofori, kuvhima mhuka huru kana akatasva pavo, kukura yemaguta kukura chirimwa. Also Kuzvidavira (chii ingano, verenga pakutanga yacho) vari siyana chokuita Chuck Norris - nyaya chinosetsa nezvake.

Kushandisa Ngano mu nhema

Vane mamirire zvikurukuru ngano, asi panewo mabhuku ingano, kunyanya kwakavakirwa siyana vanotongwa ngano. Mienzaniso inosanganisira zvinotevera: The Adventures pamusoro Baron Munchausen iri mharidzo yacho munyori Erich Raspe, Gargantua uye Pantagruel pakati Rabelais 'itsva zvakafanana zita, Pomeranian ngano Stepan Pisahova uye Boris Shergina. It kunosanganisirawo nhetembo "Kuvhiringidzika" Korney Chukovsky randinogara zvachose kuti turncoats.

Chukovskij anoratidza vana kuti unhu mhuka zvakanaka. At moyo ngano iyi hondo zvakaipa: dziva rakanga rakagadzwa pamusoro moto chanterelles, uyo akatora mutambo. Decoupling pakarepo: hapana akakwanisa akariisa kunze, chete diki shavishavi akakwanisa kuzviita.

Chukovsky ari kutamburira nyaya iri 20s vaifanira kubata nevadzidzisi aiti kuti akanga ane chinhu ari zvisingachashandi Bourgeois tsika, ivo kunyange akabudisa esayenzi basa - ". Tiri pamusoro rungano" dzakaunganidzwa nyaya pasi rokuti vazhinji tsamwisa mu kero shifter chakaitwa. It Chukovskij wakamutsiridzwa Genre ichi. Nhasi, sezvinei, mafungiro nyaya ndeimwewo.

Samuil Marshak (Makore oupenyu - 1887-1964) akanyora yakakurumbira detembo pamusoro vakaparadzirwa munhu kubva dziva mumugwagwa. Zvakasikwa isati hondo, kana munyori vaigara Leningrad, kwete kure aripo chokwadi Baseina Street (nhasi inonzi mumugwagwa Nekrasov).

mabasa dzechembere

In vana, okutanga muviri akanyatsorongwa ndivo nyaya weboka mashandiro, ichipa naye uncharacteristic zviratidzo. Vana kukwira HRE uye nyaya pachavo. Korney Chukovsky akanyora kuti kushandisa dzechembere uye ndima dzakadai zvakajeka: chero yakatsauka kubva ndozvakajairwa kunosimbisa mwana mairi, icho Anoongorora pamusoro zvose zvevhiki yose wakasimbisa munyika ino. Mwana rokufunga ake sezvinoita kuongorora uye anoruramisa izvozvo, izvo anomutsa kuvimba ungwaru, kuzviremekedza, saka zvakakodzera kuti vana, saka sezvo kusabatanidzwa hunorasika runobva nyika yedu.

Fiction nokuti nevakura nomuromo gibberish, musoro, uye mwana - funny nyaya chii chaizvoizvo haagoni kuva. Ona kuti kubvira panguva yakare vanhu pane ichi kubva ngano mhando, uye chokwadi ngano anoramba chete zvakanakisisa, inonzwika apo akabuda maturo. Mwana, zvishoma nezvishoma pachena muenzaniso ino, zvichiita pfungwa itsva, zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga kuridza-siyana pfungwa, nekuti chete nokutamba duku murume anogona kunzwisisa maumbirwo wezvose.

Vana, inverting siyana mananara, vachikanda chinozivikanwa nezvaanoreva itsva, dzidza kushandisa uye nani kudzora pfungwa dzakasiyana ndinoumba zvokufungidzira, rusununguko pfungwa, saka vanotanga kunzwa uye kunzwisisa zvinosetsa.

Takurukura kuti nemanyepo yakadaro. Definition, mifananidzo, mabasa avo vave kudzidza nesu. Sezvaunogona kuona, Genre iri kunakidza zvikuru uye anobatsira. Kireshi nekudetemberwa uye nyaya - haisi chete yokuvaraidza nyaya, vari chaizvo zvakananga, zvinangwa zvakakura, kubatsira kuumba mwana unhu.