Anatomy nomukadzi. Human Anatomy (Biology, Grade 8)

Sei nhengo mumuviri, sei kushanda uye zvinonyatsorehwa nemamiriro mamiriro vanofanira kuziva mumwe nomumwe vakadzidza. Ndokusaka kudzidza yakaitwa kwevanhu kubva bhenji chikoro.

Pashure pezvose, dzinokosha pamusoro kwakaita nzvimbo yacho (kureva nzvimbo zvomukati) anokosha chaizvo. Kunyange kunzwisisa chii chinokonzera kusanzwa uye muviri pari, zvakafanira kuziva.

Human anatomi kuchikoro

The kutanga pfungwa kwakaita nzvimbo yacho nhengo dzavo nehurongwa dziri kutanga kwekupwanyiwa dzidzo, mugiredhi 4th (makirasi "kunze nyika"). Zvisinei, mamwe mashoko uye kwazvo nokuongorora muviri womunhu mamiriro inodedera kune vanoziva zera - giredhi 8th.

varume ava pamberi nechekare akaongorora maumbirwo nemhuka, saka anatomi chidzidzo zvichava nyore kudzidza, pasinei kunzwisisa, chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvinhu pamusoro womunhu marongerwo.

Chirango ichi zvinosanganisira zvakawanda pfungwa terminological kuti vachafanira nyura navana zvizere gore. Uyewo, kufundwa kuti sayenzi iyi hazvibviri pasina zvakakwana yamuro dzokudzidzisa, kunyanya nokuda zvijeke.

Munofanira kuva varipo tafura, masiraidhi mharidzo kana dyidzana vanodhirowa uye chati (uye nani - zvose pamwe kunzwisisa). Anatomy Chidzidzo hazvibviri pasina izvozvo, unogona kunzwisiswa se chete nokutarira zvakajeka. Zvizhinji pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna Category kuronga kuranga mamiriro, kushanda uye kukosha pabonde uye excretory nehurongwa. Somuenzaniso, pedyo pakupera kwegore rechikoro apo vana kuwedzera ruzivo uye anogona zvakakwana kuonesesa zvinhu runoenzanirana hunhu anotanga kudzidza anatomi, vakadzi nevarume. Pfungwa iri rwakabhadharwa kuna nehadzi, sezvo vari chokuita chinokosha pezvakaitwa - nepamuviri uye pakusununguka, fetus'yese embryogenesis.

Kunyanya kudzidza hadzi anatomi

Mumazana zvedzidzo gore akadzidza anatomi kwevanhu. Vakadzi vari akaronga saizvozvo varume, saka kana tichifunga kweropa, kufema, excretory uye huta hurongwa, GNI, analyzers havasi chechikadzi akasiyana vasiri inopiwa. Zvisinei, kana totaura nemamiriro genitourinary ezvinhu, ivo pachena.

Pane zvakawanda huru, iyo inosanganisira anatomi chikamu:

1. Kudzidza murwiyo uye mashandiro ari mammary mumasero.
2. Pokukurukura chiuno mapfupa mamiriro zvinhu.
3. Panovhurwa zvigadziriswe kuita uye maumbirwo munhukadzi dzokubereka nadzo kuti rinosanganisira kwokunze uye munyika pabonde nezvomukati.
4. Kudzidza cyclic pezvakaitwa mu hadzi mumuviri uye avo basa.
5. Muchangosangana, mudumbu inotungamirwa uye fetus panguva yose yaiita pamuviri.
6. Kubereka uye ontogeny muchero.

Anatomy mukadzi - nyaya inokosha uye kunzwisisa, zvikuru noukama. Asi nguva dzose anoita imwe rakawedzera kufarira kuyaruka. Ndokusaka zvichikosha kuti kukwanisa kuchengetedza uye kukura zvakanaka, zvakanaka uye zvakajeka mharidzo.

mammary mumasero

Pair inotungamirwa ari munhukadzi muviri, pamwechete yokunze uye chikamu yomukati. Wokutanga ndiwo redehwe muviri siyana zvitarisiko (kumativi, peya serin'i, elongated uye zvichingodaro). Weight uye inzwi dzinosiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana hadzi. On unopinza medial chikamu chityu ndiwo munyatso - inokosha chimiro, kuburikidza iyo chigadzirwa riri pauri kusvikira kunze mukaka mumasero - mukaka. Around zviri runopoterera shaded chikamu - areola, kana areola. nzvimbo iyi ine zvakasiyana ruvara, iro kunoenderana nhangemutange wevakadzi uye kana akanga kusununguka. Areola zvemapuranga wrinkles yakaisvonaka mukati rine kumeso uye transverse tsandanyama, sebaceous uye ziya mumasero. Kubudikidza naye minyatso uye chinopinda vazhinji mammary omumuviri, ducts dzavo okutanga kusvika kunze.

Chikamu chomukati chityu vakadzi anomiririrwa anotevera STRUCTURAL dzakabatana:

• Adipose tishu. Vanenge 2/3 pakati chityu uremu chakwira pamusoro payo.
• Kugoverana, iine lobules zviduku. Zvivako dzinozadza mugove chinokosha pamusoro womukati nzvimbo pechipfuva. Pamwe pane zvidimbu anenge 20, vose vari achinyatsotaurira rwakafanana mhesano adipose tishu. Mukati ine vakawanda Formação de, midziyo ropa, iro matema kuti pave mukaka. Akaronga radially kumativi mumwe munyatso.
• Node nemidziyo ropa zvinopa nerubatsiro zvinhu zvayo zamu, kushandisa simba mammary mumasero.
• Zamu tsandanyama - yakarongeka, izvo kwakunoitwa kwacho chipfuva mukati mumuviri.

Physiology uye anatomi pakati chityu chinangwa zvikurukuru rimwe basa - kugadzirwa uye excretion mukaka kunyatsonzwisisa ducts kuburikidza munyatso kunze. Mune imwe munyatso kusvika 9 kungava apertures kuburikidza iyo mvura mvura migumo.

Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho mammary mumasero: iri Anterior chipfuva rusvingo pakati 3 7, imwe unopinza, zvakafanana, ichibata mumwe uye hama kuti nechepakati pfupa. Pakati pemazamu vane sinus Vakagovana pavo.

pelvic anatomi womukadzi

The musiyano chikuru mukono nehadzi anatomi, Chokwadi, kwete chete pasina kana kuvapo mammary mumasero. Kutaura zvazviri, basa rinokosha iri kuridzwa ne maumbirwo chiuno aro nezvomukati. Kwavari kunyatsotarisisa.

munhukadzi pelvic anatomi chinomiririrwa 4 chikuru pfupa zvivako:

• maviri mapfupa pelvic ;
• sacral;
• coccyx.

Pamwe chete, izvo spliced pamwe tsandanyama uye kunokosha chaizvo pakuita mukuzvarwa kwacho. Kazhinji, anomira panze diki kwete chete asiwo guru ndiro. Riri chete kumusoro pakutanga. Majini vaumbe kuti munhukadzi chiuno riri upamhi hwazvo varume, asi rine chiedza uye mapfupa mutete.

Kudzika chikamu ane zvitatu inotungamirwa zvinokosha:

• chiyamuro;
• mhango;
• goho.

Login akaumba Fusion pamusoro iliac-sacral uye pelvic, pubic pfupa, pane dzakasiyana makuriro matatu. pelvic mhango inoumbwa mhami uye rakamanikana chikamu. Zviri pane dziri huru zvomukati: yomukati pabonde, dundira uye mugaranhoko.

Goho pelvic tsandanyama anovhara chinokosha inotungamirwa - the pelvic pauriri. mamiriro ino ine anokosha uye vakuru zvinokosha tsandanyama, nemhaka basa izvo zvemukati pelvic zvomukati dzinoitwa mukati, havasi tumbling. Uyewo vanokosha vari kukuvadza mudumbu panguva basa.

Saka akaronga uye chiuno, inova huru maumbirwo chiri akasiyana munhukadzi anatomi. Photos uye ake zvomukati anogona kuonekwa pazasi.

Dzokubereka nadzo munhukadzi muviri

Izvi zvinosanganisira zvimwe huru STRUCTURAL nhengo:

1. External sikarudzi (pubic nharaunda, zvikuru nezviduku labia, clitoris, berere, hymen).
2. Internal (nyinyo, dumbu, fallopian sepombi, ovaries).
3. Nemarunda.

Dzokubereka ino inonzi nokuti avepo nedanho fertilization, pamuviri uye fetus uye kuberekwa. Ngatikurukurei chimwe nechimwe chazvo muudzame, richiratidza chinangwa chacho uye mamiriro.

External sikarudzi

Female anatomi kunosanganisira kutanga kuva yakajeka zvimwewo kusiyana ne chechikadzi. Pakati kwokunze nhengo dzokubereka nadzo, izvi zvinosanganisira dzamazamu, uye ari nhengo pelvic zvomukati - zvinotevera hurongwa:

1. Pubis. Ari mativi inotungamirwa, akafukidza bvudzi (mu zvepabonde akura zera), iyo inobva pfupa mamiriro. Ine simba kuchengeterwa mafuta kuti kupisa uye thermoregulation uye kudzivirirwa zvokuimba kukuvara. Rinoshanda: nebutiro inodzivirira zvakadzika nhema kunze kwemiviri.
2. Labia. Skin matanga zvakasikwa zvinosanganisira subcutaneous mafuta. Front uye shure yakatesvera panyanga dzacho spliced. Pakati pavo pane inotungamirwa mutswe-kufanana inonzi bonde pakakoromoka. In chete mamiriro vari Bartholin shwanu kuti secrete chaiyo alkaline secretion ari nyinyo. Kunze muviri wakafukidzwa vhudzi.
3. Labia. Zvayaiva mukati guru uye kazhinji uchikurukura mumwe, kuita zvepabonde mutswe akavharwa. Basa, sezvo zvapfuura ndivo, rokudzivirira.
4. Clit. Small idenderedzwa muviri zvinosanganisira plexus tsinga uye ropa capillaries uye capillaries. Very nehanya, riri pamberi huru neduku labia.
5. berere. The mamiriro, iyo inotanga mberi yakananga pasuo nyinyo. Izvi Unodziurawo migero bartolinievyh omumuviri, anoenda urethral chubhu.
6. Hymen - nhete firimu inodzivirira nomukova nyinyo. Inguva reDare connective tishu. Hazvina mamiriro ichi chinopa zvose ane kusagadzikana hadzi anatomi. Zvomukati uye kunze vanoparadzaniswa tichibatsirwa chete kutangira zvepabonde, mushure pamusoro-panzvimbo hymen kuramba gimenalnye papillae.

Izvi zvose nhengo dziri kwokunze kune dzokubereka nadzo munhukadzi muviri.

Internal pabonde nhengo

Izvi zvinosanganisira zvishoma, asi avo kukosha hunokosha. Zviri zvivako izvi inoshandiswa nokuumbwa uye gestation, paumbwe munhukadzi gametes uye kubviswa mwana kunze.

1. Dumbu. muviri ichi vaiona yoga.
2. Vagina. Chikamu ichi ndechimwe rakakura, izvo aimirira anatomi. Muscular nhengo yakaruma elongated cylindrical chimiro (chubhu) kureba masendimita 10. Walls mudungwe pamwe multilayer sandara epithelium, kuburikidza icho ropa uye node midziyo zvokudya madzihwa ari nyinyo. Pamusana muviri ichi nguva dzose inoramba nyoro. Uyewo pano pane pachake microflora, zvinosanganisira tsvimbo serin'i utachiona, masero uye madzihwa. Kazhinji, zvinonzi kugara achiudza, navatana munhu akabvisa dziri precipitates. Vane acidic kwezvakatipoteredza, samafuta chena, translucent ruvara uye noruzhinji kwakanaka. Sezvo kusangana nekutsi kwemukadzi rusvingo tsandanyama, zviri vakwanise kuwedzera uye chibvumirano, izvo zvinokosha kana Generic muitiro. vakaumba nemhando ina nomuviri rokumusoro chikamu chubhu. Chikamu pamberi muviri yakabatana dundira, uye shure - kusvikira mugaranhoko.
3. Ovaries. Aiwanzopiwa wokushanda Nhengo, unova kwemakemikari anobudiswa mumasero. Riri kana divi dumbu. Rine medulla, connective zvinyama yakazara ropa uye nhengo dzinobudisa nemidziyo. Madziro mudungwe cortical layer ari tunica albuginea uye chokunze epithelium. Mukati ovaries rinowanika pamwedzi inotungamirwa mazai vakura. Ivowo kuva dzakananga mahormone anokonzera kukura yechipiri pabonde unhu vanhukadzi. Panguva pamuviri, asi ovaries kubereka okuwedzera zvinhu basa.

Kazhinji, vose pelvic zvomukati - zvinokosha runoratidza ndiro anatomi rwomukadzi. Images, zviri zvikuru aripo siyana panotaurwa zvinhu, yakakwana akadzama uye zvakarurama kuratidza nechivako yavo uye kwakaita nzvimbo yacho.

dumbu

Muscular mhango nhengo mativi chimiro. Inoitwa chikuru zvikamu zvitatu:

• fundal (nechepazasi chikamu Triangle, tapering nechepasi);
• Isthmus;
• pamutsipa.

Anatomy mukadzi wacho dumbu ari kufunga sezvo mukuru muviri kuti kuberekana uye gestation. The mamiriro pacharwo rinoumbwa vanoverengeka muchitokisi akaturikidzana ndiko: kubva mucosa, tsandanyama, uye avhareji rwomumwoyo serous chokufukidzisa dumbu uye unoparadzanisa kubva peritoneal mugove.

Uterine cervix inoita basa rinokosha pakudzivirira zviri muviri kubva nyinyo mabhakitiriya anokuvadza, nokuti riri panguva mharadzano idzi zvivako zviviri. It inomiririrwa chubhu diki, vakazadzwa madzihwa, izvo kunotadzisa kuti kupinda kuti zvinokuvadza uye zvinenge.

Fallopian sepombi - peya inotungamirwa anomuitira kubva makona dumbu. Inoumbwa chete akaturikidzana sezvo dumbu. kureba yavo - vanenge 12 cm.

Nemarunda - chaiyo yakarongeka, iyo inoshanda kutsigira dumbu uye ovaries. Inoitwa zvinotevera mwanda:

• mapatya kumativi;
• pachako ovarian shwashwa;
• voronkotazovye;
• rakafara.

Pamwe chete, zvivako izvi zvinoumba mudanga nzvimbo dumbu uye ovaries.

kumwedzi

Izvi inodzokororwa pamwedzi follicle inotungamirwa, kuti goho kunze pamwe neropa uye akafa nezvimedu, masero uye tupukanana tusingaoneki.

kutenderera ichi chakagadzirirwa kugadzirira hadzi muviri kuti nepamuviri uye pakusununguka. Pane pezvakaitwa zvakaoma pamwe ne elaboration nezvevamwe mahormone.

pamuviri

Anatomy womukadzi pamuviri Kuchinja chaizvo. Mushure zvose michero kuti anova iri dumbu, inokura. Izvi zvinotungamirira kumanikidza vamwe zvomukati uye, sezvo zvakaguma rinounza kushandurwa nzvimbo. Chiropa anova anenge wehunyambiri chinzvimbo, kutungamirirwa pamwe muchibereko chemusikana. On the mugaranhoko, kumanikidza kuti kunowanzokonzera kupatirwa vakadzi. The diaphragm ukazvikudza uye wakaiswa munzvimbo iyi, izvo zvinopa kunzwa tightness uye kupfupika mweya.

Zvisinei, zvisikwa rinopa zvose zvine chokuita nokuchinja, saka nezveizvi ndozvakajairwa. pokuva nezamu iri vhiki 40. Muitiro makurukuriro zvikuru kunzwisisa, umo mwana ichipfuura kuberekwa Canal musoro pasi. Nguva achizosiyana kuchitsamira pamunhu zvatariswa munhukadzi muviri.