Ndezvipi zviri muchinangwa mararamiro howa? Meaning of notumwe zvakasikwa

Kana kutaura pamusoro howa, chinhu chokutanga kuti anouya mupfungwa - Mumatsutso musango, kunyarara kunovhima. Uchiri kuyeuka mbiriso, chizi uye penicillin. Uye nezvebasa zvinhu zvipenyu vanotambira howa, ndinoda hunhu nei, vanhu havafungi. Ngatitaurei nezvazvo.

Kukuvadza kana kubatsirwa?

Zvinonzi kana ukaisa imwe pamwero kubatsirwa vanhu kubva zvinenge izvi, uye pane dzimwe - ivo kukuvadza mbiya akadzikama. Kunyange zvazvo, vachitaura nezvebasa kuti zvinhu zvipenyu vanotambira howa, saka unogona kuisa mubvunzo. Nature kunokosha uye zvaanofanira zvose.

Kudzidza Howa mycology sainzi anonzi mumwe bhotani. Asi howa kare voga ari oga umambo. Ndiko, pane umambo zvinomera uye vachiravana - umambo notumwe.

Mumwe mukuru zviri ndechokuti munhu STRUCTURAL carbohydrate iri Zvinoumba sero rusvingo zvipenyu izvi - chitin. Ndiye chikamu rokunze marangwanda rezvipembenene arthropods. Chitin ane ehupfumi inonakidza, mumwe iyo - kukwanisa kubvisa womunhu mutumbi zvinokuvadza, kuderedza remafuta akawandisa. Panguva iyoyowo, nekuti kwaari howa vanoonekwa kuti rinorema chikafu. Vana makore 6-7, zviri nani kwete kupa ekukurerai uyewo nani kwete kuva navo. The enzayemu Tsika mwana haagoni kurarama ine chigadzirwa akadaro.

Sei hunhu aifanira howa?

Mumwe wavo chikuru mashandiro - manyowa, marara ose Organic residues. Somugumisiro zvipenyu kudzikisirana miti akafa uye mhuka vakadzoka wepo kutenderera kabhoni uye chicherwa zvinhu.

Howa zvinobatanidzwa dzinotsanagura ivhu, zvazvinoita nechivako dzavo, akafanana uye kunyange tembiricha. Pashure pezvose, pamwe kuorera mazviri fivha kuti kuorera mazviri nemarara. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti Chikwata vanokura muriwo pamusoro inodziya mibhedha.

Howa mukufamba upenyu hwavo ndinosika biomass kuti mycelium uye fruiting nemiviri (kuti tinoziva kubva pauduku sezvo amanita, russula, boletus, etc.). Varege kudya chete vanhu, asi dzakasiyana-siyana zvipembenene mhuka.

Gribokoren

Isingaenzaniswi nedzimwe ukoshi notumwe pakasikwa mycorrhiza. Zvakaratidza kuti howa kwete chete kuparadza miti, asi zvinogona kubatsira kwavari. The kwakapararira yezvakaita Chiitiko pakati symbiosis - runobetsera zvose coexistence ose zvinenge.

Anoumba munhu mycorrhizal sangano pakati mycelial filaments uye muti midzi. The chakuvhe anogamuchira kubva yakakwirira chirimwa zvinovaka muviri nenzira kuwana chimiro, uye, zvinozotibatsira iye dzokubvisa mvura kubva muvhu uye phosphorus. The muti Chaizvoizvo auri midzi.

Mycorrhiza anogona kuva kwokunze midzi, zvakatipoteredza, uye zvinogonawo pinda mukati. Between maviri masero une Utachiona muviri. Ndezvipi zviri muchinangwa mararamiro notumwe iyi? Forest Life hazvimboiti pasina navo, kunyanya mune dzisinganayi munzvimbo.

Vatarisana yokupona

Munzvimbo umo okunze kunonyanyisa, uye zvinomera zviri sparse chaizvo, notumwe vanoumba symbiotic munharaunda, kwete miti uye algae, aizivikanwa lichens. Vanogona kuwanikwa achinaya mvura uye mugwenga, pamusoro pamatombo, zvivako, makwande omuti - apo, vaiita, nokuti hapana upenyu ezvinhu. Asi kunyange howa mushoma mvura kubva mumhepo, kubva dova pfungwa, uye vatendeuki chiedza alga carbon dioxide inobvisa kupinda makemikari kuzvokudya.

Obzhivanie dzezvimwe itsva, kushanda maawa aya nzvimbo Organic - kuti mumwe zvinorehwa notumwe zvakasikwa.

howa zvikara

By nzira youpenyu uye nenzira yokudya howa akakamurwa:

• ivhu saprophytes (howa, Clitocybe, morel);
• ksilofily parasitizing pamusoro akafa kana decomposing miti akafa (inofungidzirwa chaiwo nzvimbo, Polypore);
• mycorrhizal, kutanga symbiosis pamwe chirimwa midzi (chena, boletus, Mokhovikov).

On ndove mirwi kurarama howa Coprophilia pamusoro moto makuru - karbofily.

Vamwe notumwe anogona "kuvhima". zvavo zvinogona notupukanana, tumbuyu, nematodes. howa shinda vanoomerera wacho, putira madzihwa, vamwe kunyange kukwanisa dzipa naye, ipapo imere mukati uye kuchidya. Uyu ndiwo mumwe muenzaniso basa kuti zvinhu zvipenyu pakukunda howa.

The hombe uye siyana

Zvinoonekwa kuti nyika nevanhu howa chinhu duku chikamu huripo siyana kwemarudzi ezvinhu zvavo. Howa, mapikicha, uye mazita avo vanoziva kubva pauduku - howa, chena, uchi agaric, russula, grebe akacheneruka uye nevamwe vakawanda. Ndivo - ari zvevana colorings uye cookbooks, mabhuku pamusoro nechimbichimbi mushonga uye pharmacology mabhuku. Howa vanhu inogona Gourmet zvokudya, uye hunouraya, unogona kurapa uye kukonzera zvirwere, kuponesa nokuparadza zvirimwa kukodzera dzimba.

With Howa paraiitwa inorwisa mabhakitiriya mukurapa. Zvino mamwe chairatidza anowana kushandisa itakurwe kutapata, kurwisa kenza lingzhi howa, Cordyceps, Shiitake, uye vamwe.

vari vavakidzani vedu zvinoonekwa nezvisingaonekwi, zvakakodzera uye ngozi.