Tichingamidze MS-21, idzva Russian airliner

Mashoma zvino anoziva kuti shoko "ndege" akaumba mashoko okuti Futurist nyanduri Vasily Kamensky. Kana asiri iye, isu zvino nendege, sedzimwe vagere nyika, mundege, panguva imwe chete, havana kare chokuita nesu ne "Nieuport" uye "Farman" panguva World War First. Zvino ndiyo nguva kuyeuka kuti Russia kunofanira zvose ake, uye mashoko nemabasa. Uye mutakurwi liners, zvakare. June 8 wakaitwa mharidzo idzva Russian mutakurwi ndege MS-21. In Irkutsk, Prime Minister akasvika nepatinenge.

Russian denga zuro uye nhasi

Soviet rehurumende ndege (tisingatauri muchiuto) hakuna nzira hwakaderera Western dzomuzana, sezvinoratidzwa zvavo zvinokosha mugove munyika avhiyesheni pamusika. Zvingava zvakawanda kana kwete nokuda enyika ezvinhu. Zvisinei, kubva ichi uye ikozvino havagoni kutiza, uye Chakaoma nechokwadi kuti zvipfuwo midziyo, kanenge, vendege Russian uye vamwe yokumwe. Panguva ino iri mudenga kakawanda unogona kuona "Boeing", "Airbus", "Fokker" kana Canadian "Bombardier" kupfuura muchina magadzirirwo Tupolev uye Ilyushin Bureau. Chokwadi, mumwe nomumwe nzira panodiwa ndege yayo mhando, urefu uye mutakurwi motokari, ukuwo, asi MC-21 kwakakurumbira chaizvo munyika yose ine niche svikiro-liners, ichipa anenge zvose dzakabudirira huru mutakurwi dziriko. Uyewo, uyu mhando yakakodzera chokufambisa okunatsiridza. Zviri kwaari Ungangove, vachafanira kuita achizviendesa yokumwe vagadziri mudzimai (uye kwete chete) musika.

Magadzirirwo namano

Kunze kudhura nokuda zvakaisvonaka aerodynamics uye nokushandisa michina ano, kusanganisira zvinhu sainzi, airliner MS-21 rinoenderana huru kuitika uye ramangwana kuitika munyika yose avhiyesheni indasitiri. It anokwanisa kutamira panguva mukuru subsonic aimhanya, zvakavakwa maererano dzekare Zano yakaderera monoplane pamwe yakatsvairwa bapiro uye vaviri michini, yakaturikwa pamusoro pylons. The fuselage ane dzeraundi makavharidzira muchinjikwa chikamu, muswe kuri zvakajairika. The panze pamusoro ndege hapana echimurenga, kuti marongerwo rakafanana uya yakashandiswa nemakambani zhinji pamberi. Machine kukwirira - 11.5 m, urefu 42,3 m, kunonyanyisa siyana vasiri vanorega kutiza - 5,9-6 zviuru Km.. zvichienderana nadzurudzo

okunatsiridza

Nepo mutsetse inopa mienzaniso miviri chete mhando. MS-21-200 ndege inogara 135 kusvika 176 mubhazi, chisarudzo chokupedzisira pamusoro placement ari chair achapiwa kugamuchirwa mutengi, zvichienderana zvaunofarira klassnosti Salon, iyo rakakamurwa "bhizimisi" mapazi uye "upfumi". Chero zvazvingava, nenyaradzo yakapiwa anogamuchirwa. MS-21-300 Modification nechokunze zvakatonyanya akasiyana ndeiya yakaita fuselage zvakakodzera kubva 163 kusvika 221 vanhu mairi. Saizvozvowo, vasiri chemabhazi kutiza nguva yake makiromita zana zvishoma. zvigaro zvose takasununguka zvikuru, uye kuwedzera musana akatasva varaidzo muzinda zvino chakaipa nazvo. Modifications zvakare akasiyana avionics, kufamba, nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa.

Developers uye vagadziri

The airliner yakanga yakagadzirwa muna NPK "Irkut" vachishanda pamwe Bureau ainzi. Yakovlev, ndiyo yechipiri munhoroondo itsva Russian chirongwa (mushure Tu-204), chinozoiswa zvizere 1991 pahwaro yokukosha uye rokutanga XXI remakore. Ichitaura kugadzirwa nechigadziko, icho chibereko zvakasimba pamwe. Saka, panguva Ulyanovsk ndege chirimwa mushure pakuparurwa dzakatevedzana achava mukati menyika kabhini takapedza uye kupenda michina uye rakatangwa zvakananga hurukuro kuti mutengi. Panguva fekitari "Aviastar" anoronga kusunungura cladding ukomba fuselage, uye gungano kushandiswa. Kazhinji, ichitanga zvinobatanidzwa Ltd. "Vaso", JSC "AeroComposite" src Mishonga mirayiridzo "Technology", JSC "Rusaviainterer" uye dzimwe indasitiri makambani.

kugadzirwa zvirongwa

Wokutanga kopi muchina, rwakapetwa-panze izvo kwakatopfuura, unoitwa zvachose panguva Irkutsk Aviation Plant. Ndege yokutanga yakarongwa nokuda Papera gore rino, vakawanda kugadzirwa richatanga muna chinotevera, uye ipapo uchatanga vazvo kuti vatengi. On muve purezidhendi dzesangano "Irkut" Oleg Demchenko, MS-21 makwikwi hakusi rinotyisa, rine mikana zvakawandisa pachena, vose hwokugadzira uye mutengo. Maodha ndege iri, pa 175 makopi (maererano nemamwe mashoko kare pamusoro 186), vane kare zaavansirovany, uye kubudikidza 2020 kwehurongwa achaita makopi 40 pagore. Innovative muchina Akakwezva vendege zhinji, kusanganisira, Chokwadi, "Aeroflot".

nzvimbo yemutekenyi

Cockpit yaiitirwa kufambidzana nomumwe achishandisa ergonomic anoratidza, kupa kunoita kuti "segirazi masvingo", uye joystick kudzokororwa waya kuzvidzora. The vashandi ine mbiri, yokutanga uye wechipiri vezvikepe, kunze, Chokwadi, ndege nevashandi, izvo anovandudza zvoupfumi unongotaura. Mukana wekushandisa michina yakakwirira kwazvo, pamwe vakawanda chiridzwa wemuTesitamende Russia.

injini

Pakutanga airframe zvakagadzirirwa zvingangoita rakakwana propulsion michina mhando mbiri, American "Pratt uye Whitney» PW1000G kana mumhuri PD-14 kugadzirwa ne JSC "Aircraft Engine", iro kurovera rapera panguva ino. Russian injini vanofanira kupa kunyatsoshanda zvokuti izvi pachazvo kuzadzisa ndege indasitiri. Ndiyo kutanga kugadzirwa yose-siyana simba zviyero, vakatevera nokushandisa dzimwe ndege, kusanganisira "Superjet-100" Sukhoi iri parizvino mwanda Russian-French PowerJet SaM146. Pakutanga Somuenzaniso yakasimbiswa injini American. nzira Universal anovandudza yemakwikwi ezvinhu enyika MS-21 ndege.

Competition uye zvakanakira

Zvino chikuru chinhu, kureva zvinhu kubvumira mamaneja kuratidza netariro "Irkut" iri padyo munhoroondo maonero. Makwikwi pamisika pamusoro avhiyesheni Kugadzirwa pari yakakwirira, kunyange kufungisisa projected kukura kwokudiwa nekaviri mumakumi emakore anotevera, kuti chidimbu ndege chete-mukana vane zvigaro vanokwanisa vanhu vanopfuura zana. kukura kwayo zvinoshingaira kutsigira Bombardier (C series), Airbus, Boeing, uye kunyange Chinese rakasimba "Komaki" kunyange zvazvo China tambotarisa zvakurukurwa anotungamirira ndege simba. Uyezve, "Irkut", sokuti, zvishoma mushakabvu rayo utsva, vachibvumira makore vakwikwidzi mashomanana kuti hurongwa mabhuku.

In kutamira kune misika nyika "Superjet" yokuRussia divi kwakaita dzakatevedzana nezvikanganiso, uye zvino ndiyo nguva yokuti zvakanaka kuongorora kwavari, kuitira kusazvidzokorora. Saka, pakutanga kwezvose mutengo, zvichava zvishoma pane $ 30 mln., Ndezvipi anoenderana nhasi pasipasi chechetere. mugumisiro Izvi zvinoitwa nokuda chokuti vanopfuura hafu zvakamisa hurongwa kugadzirwa Russia. Chechipiri, kusiyana kune yapfuura kundikana kacho chichasimbiswa kwegadziriro pakati michina pashure-okutengesa rutsigiro dzaishandisa zvakajeka. Chechitatu, Nokuraramisa uye huni manwiro achaita mari mutengi kana roja kuti risi kodzero dzinenge 15% isingadhuri kupfuura nyaya nevamwe bhizimisi. Mukuwedzera, mari muitiro ichatambanudzirwa akadzokorora kuti zvichava kukwezva zvokutengeserana mabhanga. izvi zvose anotibvumira kuti kuvimba kubudirira itsva Russian ndege kwete chete mudzimba asiwo pamisika dzavatorwa. Chete dai MS-21 zvakajeka denga, akanaka nyoro landings uye takeoffs.