Chii arufabheti, zvarinoreva uye nhoroondo

Kubvira kare, vanhu vakaedza kutaura mumwe kuti vapone. Saka akatanga kuumba madzinza, mapoka yemadzinza, uye ipapo marudzi. Madzibaba edu pamwe neimwe gumi zvakanyanya dzakabudirira, uye pane imwe nguva akasarudza wekuvamba chinhu yaizobatsira kugadzirisa pfungwa dzavo pamusoro pebwe, enhokwe. Zviri pamusoro arufabheti. Kana iye wokutanga akazviratidza? Sezvazvakanyorwa dzakabudirira uye kunyora? Uye chii chiri arufabheti? Ngationgororei ikozvino.

Yokutanga kwakafanana arufabheti iri kwakajairika pfungwa shoko akatanga yekare muIjipiti, izvo zvokutemerwa yomukati pamadziro kumarinda vanokudzwa munzanga, uyewo mukati temberi. Asi zviratidzo izvi vaiva mifananidzo pane tsamba, nekuti vazhinji vavo unoratidza kongiri zvinhu. Hwaro achinyora munguva dzekare akanga nokugadzirwa anenge 4,000 apfuura, reFenikiya arufabheti. Phoenician arufabheti akava hwaro mimwe mitauro dzavanhu vakanga vakararama yebudiriro ichi vazhinji: vaGiriki, vaRoma nevamwe.

Nei arufabheti kuchikosha zvakadaro? kuvamba ichi vabvumirwe systematize ruzha kuti vanhu kukwanisa kubudisa, uye kuataura muchimiro vamwe vatambi, izvo kuchareva mashoko anobatsira. Kuti muchidimbu chii arufabheti. Alphabet - kuva zviratidzo yakarongwa imwe kuti, uye embody machemero inopiwa munhu ari papepa.

Munyika yanhasi, marudzi ose ane pachake arufabheti rayo, asi dzimwe tsamba zvakafanana. Izvi Muitiro kunonyanya zvakajairika munyika dzakavakidzana kana munyika umo mitauro yepamutemo vazukuru kubva kuzitateguru. Somuenzaniso, yemaarufabheti echiCyrillic munyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope dzakanga aumba kubva mutauro muLatin uye anoenderana tumitauro, saka vanogona kusangana zvakawanda kufanana vari kunyora uye mataurirwo tsamba.

Vaichengeta muenzaniso anonakidza: chero mutauro nzvanyira kanoverengeka kupfuura mavhawero. Muenzaniso chokwadi ichi chingava arufabheti mutauro wacho Chirungu. Chine 26 tsamba, izvo chete 6 anogona nziyo, kureva, zvichiratidza nzvanyira zvinoita.

Vanhu vakawanda vanonetseka kuti nei vakawanda vanhu vokuMabvazuva, Southeast uye Central Asia, achiziva kuti arufabheti ichi hahusi yavo, kana ane analogue, inobva aivapo arufabheti? Mhinduro iri nyore - kubva kare Gadziriro kwavo kunyora kwaibva hieroglyphs, chimwe nechimwe ndechedu yakananga shoko kana acho. Asi vatambi ava zvakasiyana chaizvo nevaya chiuru mashoma apfuura, vaIjipiti vaishandisa. zviratidzo zvavo dzaiwanzova mifananidzo, aiva mumwe ukoshi. Hieroglyphs sezvo vanhu ano - a Zvinoumba akarongwa zvakasiyana ukobvu uye urefu, asi havasi vanodhirowa.

Saka, nhoroondo tsamba uye nezviratidzo ane mazana akawanda emakore. Unoratidza zvose kuchinja zvinotangira kukura mutauro zvakanyorwa, uye anotaura pamusoro kwaita mitauro yekare iyo akaumba arufabheti ano. Naizvozvo, achiziva zvakanga arufabheti, uchakwanisa kuona nhoroondo pachavo nearufabheti kwavo uye vanhu vayo vose.