Bhajeti nyika: chepamusoro

Bhajeti yenyika - dziva mari rinoshandiswa nehurumende dzavo mari mabasa avo pachavo. Zviri rudzi National inofungidzirwa mari uye zvekushandisa. State bhajeti interacts ane nhamba vezvikwata zviri zvemari hurongwa. Ndizvo norubatsiro mari kubva kuenda kubatsira vaizotibata uye anokosha maindasitiri.

zvinhu pfungwa

Bhajeti yenyika ine zvakawanda zvinhu. mamiriro ayo kunotsamira zvinhu zvinoverengeka, zvinokosha pakati izvi ndiyo yaiona-miganhu nemamiriro mamiriro. The bhajeti Kazhinji akaita nehurumende uye anotendwa paramende kana zvimwe mukuru zvemitemo muviri. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pfungwa yakabuda pamwe veMubatanidzwa ehurumende. Zvisinei, chimiro gwaro aifarirwa mukuru zvemitemo muviri, akawana chete kuuya nesimba bourgeoisie. Treasury akadana zvemari dhipatimendi, iyo anobata aurayiwe bhajeti, kureva, kuchengetwa uye kushandisa mari yacho.

Gwaro rino rinopa zveminda uye havashandisi mari yakawanda kuti gore. Kazhinji kufungwa nguva kubva 1 January kusvika 31 December. Saka hunoratidza dzibvise ukama kuti simukai kubva hurumende nevanhu uye dzepamutemo masangano panyaya redistribution National mari. Zvinosanganisira mbiri dzinotevera. Zveminda kunotangira kuburikidza:

• Mitero. Vari mhosva nechepakati uye nemakanzuru masimba.
• Non-mutero mari. Somuenzaniso, Pakuva nefuma kubva kune dzimwe wezvokutengeserana kana risi pfuma, iyo vaiva neHurumende.
• Seigniorage. Kureva, mari kubva nyaya mari.
• Mari chivimbo mari uye privatization.

MuRussia, vanenge 84% kuti bhajeti zveminda zvinobva mutero zveminda.

Kunwa - Ndivo zvishandiso vakatumwa nehurumende kuti mari chaizvo zvinangwa zvavo uye zvinangwa. Kubva macroeconomic nemaonero, izvo akakamurwa inotevera mapoka:

• Government zvokuvakisa.
• Transfers.
• Service chikwereti paruzhinji.

The mari inogona akatsemura uye kuti chinangwa chavo inozoshandisirwa:

• Zvinangwa zvematongerwe. Pano unogona sarudza kuchengeteka yokufambisa uye hurumende midziyo.
• On the zvinangwa zvoupfumi. Ndiyo mari nazvo zviri pachena nemauto uye pasiri map.
• For evanhu zvinangwa. Ndiyo mari pensions, kushivirira uye dzidzo, uyewo dzidzo, utano, sayenzi uye kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza.

Munhoroondo chechinyorwa

Pfungwa yacho bhajeti munyika akaonekwa muzana remakore rechi18. Pfungwa mari uye havashandisi mari yakawanda yacho ehurumende ndohwavo Sir Robert Walpole. Panguva iyoyo, akanga chanzera of Exchequer, uye akatsvaka kudzorera chivimbo ruzhinji munyika pashure pokuwa South Sea Company muna 1720. Muna 1733-M Walpole vakazivisa ayo urongwa pakatanga ari excise mutero pamusoro kudyiwa zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana, kusanganisira waini uye fodya. The mutero mutoro pamusoro vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata nekusiyana, aida kuderedza. Izvi zvakakonzera sefungu paruzhinji kushatirwa. It zvakabudisa kabhuku rakanzi "Budget kuzarurwa, kana mhinduro turakiti." munyori wayo aiva William Pulteney. Ndiye wokutanga akashandisa shoko "bhajeti" rine chokuita fiscal wokuti hurumende. Walpole danho rakanga rarambidzwa. Asi nokuda pezana remakore rechi18 zvinyorwa mari uye hurumende mari kwazova tsika yakakurumbira dzakabudirira.

mhando bhajeti

Kazhinji ndivo vatatu. The inonyanya dhefisiti. Izvi zvinoreva kuti havashandisi mari hurumende pfuura zveminda. Govera mari dhefisiti, fiscal uye chepuraimari. bhajeti yemuraudzo inomuka apo zveminda pfuura mari. Iri panzvimbo isingawanzowanikwi mamiriro ezvinhu. The yakanakisisa nzira iri pakati nepakati bhajeti. Anoreva kuti nefuma vakaenzana mari. Zviri kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aya vaida vose nyika zvenyika.

sarudzo

Mune bhajeti yenyika pane mana makuru mabasa:

• Distribution. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bhajeti achiumbwa tichiregeredza centralized Mari uye rakashandiswa pana siyana wevakuru vehurumende. Kuparadzirwa mari kunoita yakadzikama kukura kumatunhu.
• Mutange. The mamiriro tichibatsirwa bhajeti anotonga upfumi munyika. Zvingaita zvakananga kuwedzera kana tunodzivisa kukura mwero goho mune dzimwe nzvimbo.
• Social. Budget kuunganidza mari anogona kushandiswa utano, dzidzo, tsika uye rutsigiro vanoshupika vanhu.
• Control. The State anofanira nechokwadi risiti uye kushandisa budgetary mari.

muunganidzwa misimboti

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chero bhajeti inofanira wakakwana, dzibatane, zvechokwadi uye yakajeka. Kubva zvaidiwa nheyo idzi nayo kunoenderana kutendeseka ehurumende, uyewo akazodzikama uye kumhanya kukura National upfumi. Under kukwana kwaireva kuti bhajeti hazvo mari zvose uye zvekushandisa zvinofanira kuverengerwa. kutaurwa nezvazvo mumvuri upfumi hwose uye hunoita kuti zvibereko gogonera kukura. bhajeti kubatana zvinoreva kuvapo imwe gwaro, umo mari yose uye mari dzinoiswa mune imwe nzira. Naizvozvo, vanogona enzanisa uye musiyano. Chokwadi kana, sezvo vakadana nhungamiro iyi, iyo veracity pamusoro bhajeti kunoratidza kuti zvose midziyo gwaro ichi vanofanira kunzwisisa uye zvakarurama. Kuti vaite izvi, uye zvinofanira kuva pachena gakava uye akabvumirwa hurumende dzeparamende. Just musimboti ichi chechipiri uye zvine chinokosha kubudirana pachena. Kunosanganisirawo kudiwa nguva nenguva bhajeti waivako mishumo kubudikidza miviri siyana.

Muchivigiro sezvo chevanorwara zvemari chaiyo

The sangano anoshanda mari kuurayiwa bhajeti. Munyika dzakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kuva mazita akasiyana. Zvisinei, vose Treasury anoita zvakafanana akagadzirwa zvinhu. Pakati pavo:

• Nechokwadi kuti zvose bhajeti zveminda.
• Nokusimbisa nehurumende wazvipira kune mari.
• Kuita mari nokuda vanowana mari kubva mamiriro.

Zvemari venyika munyika 2017

chakarurama Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa nenzira dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, kureva zvemari pakukura nyika munyika, unogona kufunga mari (yemuraudzo) dhefisiti saizi. Funga nyika yokutanga munyika tichitarisa kwemari. Mari nyika yacho bhajeti siyana kubva $ 3,4 matiririyoni muna US uye 1 miriyoni vari Pitcairn Islands. The pamusoro shanu nokuda chakarurama ichi zvinosanganisira, kuwedzera kune United States, nyika dzakadai China, Japan, Germany, uye France. Ndivo vakuru nokuda mari. Asi zvikuru yavose sezvavakatarirwa bhajeti dhefisiti nyika zvenyika (yemuraudzo). Pakutanga - Germany. Its bhajeti yemuraudzo mabhiriyoni 23 US emadhora. The pamusoro shanu chinosanganisirawo nyika dzakadai Norway, Macau, Switzerland uye Iceland. Kana tikafunga chikamu ari yemuraudzo, vatungamiriri vane zvimwe inoti shoma. This Macau, Tuvalu, Iceland, Palau vokuTurkey zveTurks Islands.

The zvemari muchiuto chenyika

chakarurama ichi rinowanikwa nemasangano maviri. Maererano Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, rimwe uto bhajeti kunyika iri nyika kupfuura mabhiriyoni 1,686 emadhora muna 2017. Ichi 2.2% munyika kwakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa. Pakutanga tichitarisa ari kupiwa zvoupenyu kuUnited States mari. Muna 2017, vakapedza mabhiriyoni 611,2 kana 3.3% kubva GDP. On wechipiri - China. Asi tinorasikirwa shoma kusvika katatu kupfuura United States - mabhiriyoni 215,7 chete emadhora, kana 1.9% kubva GDP. In vatungamiri vatatu kwaisanganisirawo Russia. RF kupedzerwa muchiuto bhora mabhiriyoni 69,2 emadhora kana 5.3% kubva GDP. The pamusoro shanu nokuda chakarurama ichi chinosanganisirawo nyika dzakadai Saudi Arabia uye India. Maererano International Institute for Strategic Studies, nzvimbo yokutanga muchiuto mari sezvo United States, uye wechipiri - China. Asi zvino pane nyika dzakadai Saudi Arabia, Russia, UK uye India. Ndivo siyanei uye nenhamba pachavo, asi kwete kunokosha.

The bhajeti chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvishandiso nehurumende murau. Zvakakodzera kumhanya imba, kuronga uye kukudziridza National upfumi.