Central Russia. Cities muCentral Russia

Central Russia - ndiko kunzwisisa kuti interregional hombe. Setsika, ichi izwi rinoreva kundima gravitating akananga Moscow, iyo yakaumbwa kubudikidza Moscow, uye gare gare Russian mamiriro.

General rubatsiro

History of Central Russia, inova chinoumba rudzi rwedu, akatanga nokuumbwa Muscovy muna XIII-XV emakore, somugumisiro tichibatanidza zvakasiyana fiefdoms. Mumaguta, nharaunda izere mapurani, nhoroondo uye mabhuku Zvivako uye mamiziyamu. Munyika uye kunyange kunze vari kuzivikanwa chindori chendarama - maguta ekare Central Russia: Sergiev Posad, Rostov uye Pereslavl, Kostroma, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Bogolyubovo, Gus Crystal, Gorokhovets, Kalyazin, Kideksha, Moore, Paleh and said. Gold mhete chinofukidza kunzvimbo dzakadai Moscow, Iaroslavskaia, Vladimir, Ivanovskaia, Kostroma. maguta Yekare Central Russia vanozivikanwa zvavo anoshamisa hwokudhirowa ounyanzvi. Somuenzaniso, Fedoskino, Palekh Holuy uye akakurumbira lacquer maduku, Gzhel - Ceramics, Zhostovo - kupendwa zviumbwe, Abramtsevo - matanda akavezwa, Khotkovo - mapfupa kuvesa, Pos. Mstera - lacquer miniatures uye ruching, Pos. Red-on-Volga - zvishongo zvakagadzirwa nemhangura, nendarira, sirivha, Rostov - enamel (enamel vakasiyana kupenda).

zvokukura budiriro

Paumbwe nharaunda iyi dzakachinja dzakaitika kukura uye zveupfumi uye nenzvimbo nzvimbo. The chinokosha Russia iri mumupata watersheds of Dnieper, ivo Oka, iyo Volga uye Western Dvina, iye akanga ane yakanaka kwazvo nzvimbo panguva paumbwe hurumende. Nokuda rwizi makwara anokurukura muganhu kumatunhu, uyewo nyika dzakavakidzana. Central munharaunda Russia - ndiwo chikuru National tsika, saka kugarwa yeRussian vanhu dzimwe nzvimbo.

Mukutanga zvokukura kukura chavagari chichiri kushandiswa vemo zviwanikwa zvakadai simbi mhangura, marasha, huni, reraimu, jecha, munyu, ivhu, peat uye nevamwe. Pano yakatanga ferrous simbi uye rwekushanda nesimbi, kuveza, munyu kugadzirwa, zvedongo uye girazi, Whitehead Textile, dehwe uye shangu indasitiri. Munguva Soviet, vatatu Hydroelectric simba nenhepfenyuro dzakavakwa munharaunda iri Volga, uye Pumped Storage Power Plant yakavakwa muna Sergiev Posad. Mukuwedzera, muna mashanu remakore rapfuura iri Kaluga mudunhu vakatanga kushanda munyika yokutanga renyukireya simba chirimwa, uye pashure pemakore 20-30, nechepakati chikamu Russia akahwina zvakawanda simba renyukireya zvirimwa zviviri - muna Tver uye Smolensk kumatunhu.

The Vagari nharaunda

Central District kweRussia - iri mundima vakaumba chinoumba vanhu Russian. Uye nhasi Russian vakawanda rikunde pano. Uye chete nechokumabvazuva, muna Volga-Vyatka nharaunda, kurarama Chuvash, Mordovian, Mari. Maererano vokuparidzira okuverengwa inoitwa muna 2002, paiva nevanhu pfuurei mamiriyoni 38 mudunhu. Pakati pavo: Russian - mamiriyoni 34 (91%), Ukrainians - 756 000 (1.99%), Tatars - 288 000 (0.77%), vokuArmenia - 249 000 (0.66%), Belarusians - 186 000 ( 0.49%), Azeris - 161 000 (0.43%), uye vaJudha - 103 000 (0.27%). Other marudzi vari asingasviki 0.2%.

Musimboti woupenyu enyika uye zvoupfumi yeRussia

The chikuru zviri yazvino upfumi nharaunda vaifurirwa zvinhu zvinotevera: basa rayo constituent kumatunhu sezvo huru engineering, kurovedza uye kwesayenzi mujinga nyika; Kuwanikwa vashandi vanokwanisa; yakanaka zveupfumi uye nenzvimbo nzvimbo; zvikuru dzakabudirira senga Links; simba anobudiswa simba zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana; kushandiswa kupinza mbishi zvinhu; paumbwe imwe metallurgia nechimwe uye nevamwe. Nhasi, Central Russia kushandisa kugadzirwa mishonga zvakaoma kuti zvinoda kwesainzi uye unyanzvi basa. The chikuru matavi specialization vari engineering, simbi, chiedza uye makemikari Mazinga. Not muduku unokosha zvesayenzi uye michina mabasa uye nesayenzi, uyewo dzidzo yepamusoro, unyanzvi uye tsika. Mumakore achangopfuura - nzvimbo uye karwendo basa.

Zvinoitwa zvoupfumi nharaunda

Central munharaunda Russia zvinosanganisira nhengo dzaro zvinotevera zvoupfumi nharaunda: Volga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth uye Central. Funga zvoupfumi uye nenzvimbo maitiro neimwe. Izvi zvichatibatsira kunzwisisa basa ravo chikero kwete chete munzvimbo asiwo yose nyika.

Volga-Vyatka weruwa

The Zvinoumba dunhu iri zvinotevera zvinosanganisira Central Russia: Nizhny Novgorod uye Kirov, uyewo Republic: Chuvashia, Mordovia uye Mari El. nzvimbo yacho 263,000 mativi makiromita. Volga-Vyatka nharaunda atambanudza iri European chikamu nyika yedu, nembiya ose ari Vyatka River uye Volga. Geographical nzvimbo panguva mharadzano pakati njanji uye zvikuru waterways unobva pakati kuna Volga nharaunda, ivo Urals, North-West, mamiriro ezvinhu yakanaka kukura upfumi. Okunze unozvidzora Continental. Nharaunda yose kufukidzwa masango. The chikuru specialization kwenzvimbo - zviri mapurani. Mukuwedzera, dondo uye makemikari indasitiri kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka. We achiripo uye vakava handicraft rwokugadzira vekare vakadai Khokhloma kupenda.

Central Black Earth nharaunda

The Zvinoumba dunhu iri rinosanganisira Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov uye Kursk kumatunhu. It kunoratidzwa yakakunakira zvifambiso uye nzvimbo. nzvimbo yacho 107 zviuru mativi makiromita. Kuvapo nekaupenyu makuru deposits esimbi esimbi uye simende mbishi zvokuvakisa, uyewo chinokosha kuchengeterwa vashandi kubatsira pokumuka sectors siyana zvose bhizimisi uye kurima. Okunze unozvidzora Continental mapazi dzinongoitika - inowanzorimwa uye inowanzorimwa, kunyanya sandara nomunzvimbo dzine. Munzvimbo iyi dziri pfungwa huru arrays chernozems, asi vakawanda munzvimbo kuona yokushomeka kwemvura mari.

Main specialization kunotsanangurwa metallurgia, zvemakemikari, engineering chikafu Mazinga, uye kurima.

ruzhinji

The Zvinoumba dunhu iri: Bryansk, Vladimir, Kaluga, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Moscow, Orel, Smolensk, Tver, Ryazan, Yaroslavl uye Tula kumatunhu. Economic uye nzvimbo - nechepakati, saka zvakanaka mune chokufambisa uye mune dzimwe nzira. Nzvimbo chikuru muzinda tsika. Haana nezviwanikwa. Somugumisiro, mashoko indasitiri anoshanda kunonyanya kubva kupinza mbishi zvinhu. Kune matura phosphorite, peat, lignite, reraimu uye jecha. Main specialization - ndiko kusunungurwa kunzwisisa, chisingaoneki chigadzirwa chinoda kwesainzi uye unyanzvi basa. Matavi makuru namakemikari, chiedza kudhinda bhizimisi uye hwakasiyana-siyana michina.

Nature of nharaunda

Mhando nharaunda iri siyana chaizvo - kubva masango gobvu kuti steppes. Kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva chikamu nharaunda pane yakawanda deposits ose boulders nevhu loams. Ivo akazviratidza rechando sangano. Pashure shure kwake kubva munharaunda rworuboshwe kumahombekombe Oka River kuMoscow akanga machakwi chaizvo. nzvimbo iyi inonzi Mescherskaya pamapani. Apo mupaini mumasango kukura. On muganhu Central Russia dzakawanda madhamu: Chuhlomskoe, Nero, Plescheevo uye Galich. Pamwe reservoirs izvi kuumbwa yakaorera ivhu, zvikuru nembeu pamwe silt. Kuwedzera wetlands, nzvimbo iri mafashamo isina Upland: Suzdal, JuR'EVSKIJj uye Murom. Kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero munzvimbo Mikoko kudzokera Volga River, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva zvakawanda mafashamo, somugumisiro chegumi ichi Tver nharaunda rakafukidza doro. Mvura inounganidzwa mu pamapani izvi, kwenguva refu haagoni kuwana nzira yokubuda. Bryansk nharaunda yave yakakurumbira nokuda kwemasango batana. Kumaodzanyemba nharaunda ine kunonyanya kubva steppes.

mhedziso

Kuti muchidimbu, zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti Central Russia chinhu chisinganzwisisiki pane interregional ane mamiriro ezvinhu pakagadzwa uye kukura National upfumi hombe. Dzinoratidzwa ichi nharaunda zvakanaka zveupfumi uye nenzvimbo nzvimbo pakati reEurope chikamu Russia. Zvisinei, Central Russia uye ane zvakakomba zvikanganiso - ndiko kushaya kuenda kugungwa uye yakaderera uwandu zviwanikwa. Asi vari ndanyarara hangu nokuda napedyo kusvika kupfuura maindasitiri dunhu - Volga Federal District, uyewo munhu ruzivo-vapfumi nzvimbo - European North. Uyezve, Central Russia parutivi nezvavatorwa dzaishandiswa vakaroorana - Belarus uye Ukraine.

nharaunda iri kupfuura nevakabva uye yakatanga muna Russian Federation. Central District of Russia ndiyo zvikuru urbanized munyika. Nepo mugove mumadhorobha kwevanhu (80%) uye anopa North-West, asi nenhanho wevasungwa vagari mumaguta makuru uye mumaguta ndicho chokutanga munyika yose.