Industry specialization munzvimbo Russian

Industry specialization Kutarisira basa rinokosha mune kukura nemamiriro maindasitiri zvakaoma pamusoro inoti uye nzvimbo. Ivo vanoti munzvimbo yavo miganhu weboka basa. Panyaya iyi, vari anonziwo vafambi, ane dzakawanda uye Inter-remunharaunda kukosha. We inotevera maindasitiri muRussia specialization.

tsananguro

Industry specialization zvoupfumi nharaunda chinopa mukana kubereka mune imwe nharaunda zvimwe zvigadzirwa vari mari yekudyidzana kwazvo zvinodiwa nzvimbo. Nhamba iyi kunokwanisika kuburikidza huripo dzakaitika, dzinongoitika uye zvimwe zvirwere emunharaunda. Kana firimu iri kuitwa nhamba dzakadaro pachidiwa yakaderera basa mari.

Saka, indasitiri specialization - mumwe kwemauto runobereka yemakwikwi chigadzirwa pamusoro pamusika dzakawanda, ekisipoti vaifarira. Chavainyanya chinhu ndiyo huru mavhoriyamu uye kunyatsoshanda okuwana okuita, kuitawo miganhu turnover. indasitiri specialization panguva imwe chete basa rinokosha kwete chete nedanho goho uye kunze kwenyika. Vane mwoyo kuparadzira mauto zvibereko. Dzinomirira chinoumba izvo anokwezvwa kushumira, rutsigiro uye zvimwe nopindirana sectors.

Specificity

indasitiri specialization vari akaumba pakutanga, vakapiwa zvingakwanisa munzvimbo kubereka vakawanda kugadzirwa - chinhu chinokosha, iri kwayo yakaderera mutengo vaizoumba kuchikosha pakuita zvachose vhoriyamu. Isingadhuri zvigadzirwa tichiregeredza akanaka ezvinhu. Zvikuru kukosha ndivo vanonyanya pamatavi specialization. Vanoita sezvo regionobrazuyuschie sectors kupa kunonyanyisa mugumisiro.

Nokuti mumwe nomumwe anotongwa Russian Federation kunoratidzwa warwo specialization. Zviri seti nezvevamwe mabasa, kuburikidza icho kwete chete anogutisa zvinodiwa nharaunda yavo, asiwo dzimwe nzvimbo munyika zvinodiwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kurimwa chikero saka rakafara kuti zvigadzirwa vari kusvitsa kune misika yokumwe. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nemauto kuti specialization handiyo chete nzira yokuti nharaunda vatore chikamu mune miganhu weboka basa. Zvinokoshawo ndezvokuti, uye nokudaro tine kutaurirana pakati yaiona dzakabatana.

indasitiri specialization: Types

Kupatsanura pakati zvibereko sectors nevamwe maererano zvakasiyana zvinodiwa. Somuenzaniso, pane kuparadzana matavi zvinotevera:

• Production kwezvivako (foni, zvekufambisa, kuvakwa).
• Social Services (utilities, mitambo, tsika, utano, dzidzo uye zvichingodaro.).
• Market kwezvivako (makambani inishuwarenzi, mabhengi, hunde exchanges, zvokutengeserana uye zvichingodaro).

Uyezve, pane mapazi yomunzvimbomo indasitiri specialization uye / x. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana, vane omunzvimbo kukosha. Izvi zvidikanwi bhizimisi iri zvemari kururamiswa akamboona.

Miganhu weboka basa

Munzvimbo ino, chakaratidza ronga muenzaniso. With kukura mauto zvibereko riri kuwedzera uye uwandu nzvimbo pave chete zita zvigadzirwa. The mugove nzvimbo kwenguva refu nguva inobereka nhumbi, kazhinji zvinoderedza chaiparira kukura goho.

Pamunenge muchikurukura kukosha zvepanyama masango uye zvinhu panyaya weboka basa zviri zviviri nezvazvo. Chekutanga kune mumatanda iri kure ubiquitous. Chechipiri ndechokuti kuti vakawanda zviwanikwa varipo zvakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo, asi chinobudirira kukura zvinogoneka chete mune dzimwe nzvimbo. A nhamba pakuchera nzvimbo angatanga chete munzvimbo idzi mune yakakura reserves kushandiswa mune chipo mamiriro inobereka vehondo, kutaura, zvokufambisa uye zvichingodaro.

Somuenzaniso, zvakawanda deposits kuti marasha muna Tunguska mumudziyo havasi kushandiswa nokuda unavailability emunda kuti kukura. Asi nekuda kukura munhu / V indasitiri specialization of Volga, North Caucasus, Black Ivhu nharaunda ine zvose ezvinhu. Naizvozvo, pane dzinokudziridzwa saka kurima sunflower neshuga bhiti.

Nhoroondo chinotaurwa

Iyewo zvikuru muna miganhu weboka basa. Saka, somuenzaniso, mutana indasitiri specialization of Central District uye vanoverengeka dzimwe nzvimbo dzine huru kugadzirwa injiniya mari, makambani Whitehead Textile, pamwe vashandi zvikuru vanokwanisa. chinangwa ichi zvinoda pakagadzwa interregional pamwe, yakawiriranwa kupanana zvigadzirwa.

muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano

Hazvina aripo zvose nzvimbo zvakaoma. Total nerimwe munharaunda oga nemapoka matatu.

Chokutanga nemauto pamwe / V indasitiri. Ivo vakaita aitungamirira basa iri kukura kugadzirwa zvekutepfenyura. In maindasitiri aya munzvimbo dzidzira yose-Russian akamboona. Nokuda nani. mamiriro ezvinhu imwe nharaunda iri sectors izvi vawane kunonyanyisa kuita panguva iyoyo pamwero Stp nevamwe administrative dzakabatana.

Boka rechipiri ine maindasitiri specialization, izvo vanoti nemamiriro hwenyika, basa vemunyika. Maererano muchikwata zvavo conjugated sectors. Zvisinei, izvi hazvirevi kuti nharaunda nomumwe anofanira kuva ndiripo chakarondedzera yose maindasitiri, kuona kukura nzvimbo muboka rokutanga. Kazhinji, zvisingaiti. Somuenzaniso, maindasitiri dzakadai tangi building, robotics, mudziyo uye zvemagetsi maindasitiri, motokari engineering, ane zvakawanda kodzera Inter-kwematunhu pamwe uye pamwe.

In boka rechitatu pane nzvimbo inoita zvinhu kuti vemo rinodyiwa. Pakuburitswa, sezvinoita mutemo, shandisa zvinorwisana zviwanikwa.

budiriro Features

The pamusoro mapoka chokuita kuti maindasitiri zvakaoma pamusoro nharaunda. Asi chikamu kwavo kunoenderana pamwero mauto zvibereko. Nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo aine iiswe zvikuru pakati pemapoka. Kana kusaenzana Nokurasikirwa kuitika, akaderedza mwero zvoupfumi. Izviwo, kunokanganisa mwero Utilisation zvesimba mari.

Kukura inobereka mauto runogonesa miganhu pabonde. weboka basa kunowedzera inobereka anokwanisa nomumwe nharaunda. Saka, Siberia maindasitiri specialization muna 1965 akapa 6,5% zvachose kugadzirwa munyika. Muna 2000, nhamba iyi yakasvika 14.7%.

maindasitiri kwezvivako

Inogona Classified maererano siyana zvinodiwa. Chinonyanya akakodzera nhasi anonzi kuparadzana mashandiro. Transport ari yakatarwa kukurukurirana, motokari dzose nemhando unyanzvi mano, zvivako uye zvivako, kuona sangano kwenhumbi uye vanhu zvinangwa zvakasiyana. Energy bhora anoita se dzakaunganidzwa network, nokuda iyo magetsi anenge nechikoro kuti vatengi. Nokuti pfuma ichi zvinosanganisira kuzvipira basa zviyero, simba substations, simba hutachiwana pemitsara. Information kukurukurirana dzinosanganisira:

• Mail mashoko.
• Ground uye nzvimbo kukurukurirana, kusanganisira that no wired, Manyiminya, redhiyo.

Tsvina mvura uye uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. dzinoturwa uye chinokosha muridzo unoridzirwa kukurukurirana Zvivako iyo kugadzirwa uye vanogara vanogamuchira mvura. Kukura yose kwezvivako iri kutsanya chaizvo. Mugore maindasitiri nemauto govera chaiwo munzvimbo:

• Free kutengeserana.
• Technical uye kugadzirwa.
• Industrially-itsva.
• Complex.
• Service.
• Innovative uye zvichingodaro.

mumagariro kwezvivako

Achigadzira bazi specialization:

• Exchange nokuparadzirwa (inishuwarenzi, chikwereti, kutengeserana).
• Consumer mabasa (utilities, mutakurwi chokufambisa, mhuri mabasa, kutaurirana kusvika kuruzhinji).
• Health kudzivirirwa (evanhu kuchengeteka, utsanana uye zvoutano, zvoutano, vatsigirane vomuUmambo).
• Nezvekugadzirwa maonero yesayenzi uye voruzhinji ruzivo (dzidzo, kudzidzisa, dzidzo, chitendero, unyanzvi).
• Policing (voruzhinji Kutarisirwa, kudzivirira, masangano pachena).

The Social kwezvivako pane zvakakwana vazhinji siyana maindasitiri. Naizvozvo, panyaya iyi pane dambudziko Kugadzirwa zvakaoma. Munzanga kwezvivako, uyewo dzimwe nzvimbo, ane miganhu marongerwo. zvinhu ayo nhanho:

• Federal.
• Regional.
• Local.

mamirire zvinhu

Trade - zvoupfumi matavi kupa kutengeserana, kufamba nhumbi kubva kugadzirwa kuti mutengi zvekutepfenyura. Izvi zvinoitwa panguva dzakasiyana siyana. Trading angava nechomukati, kwokunze uye dzakawanda. Housing chinhu chisinganzwisisiki mabhizimisi, pekugara, mhuri uye mabasa, ichipa rubatsiro kune veruzhinji. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, utilities vanobatanidzwa mubasa Mazinga, achivapa gasi, mvura, magetsi. To utano zvinosanganisira munzanga, vehurumende, zveupfumi uye utano zvinhu zviri kuitwa vanhu, uye chinangwa kuvandudza, kudzivirira utano vemunyika. Mashandiro ari kwezvivako vari: kurapwa uye kudzivirira zvirwere, Nokuraramisa yokuremara. Kazhinji kacho secrete voga, inishuwarenzi uye voruzhinji utano hurongwa. The kwezvivako mabasa anosanganisira dzidzo: dzidzo pre-kuchikoro, dzidzo (chikuru, yechipiri uye dzidzo yepamusoro), kurovedzwa uye kudzidzisazve. Military Rutsigiro zvinosanganisira: kushandiswa zvombo, tichironga kurwisa kushanda, kuunganidza wamapoka uye masimba. The kwezvivako of indasitiri zvinoshanda kugadzirwa uye munzanga bhora. rutsigiro Scientific anoratidzwa ari muchimiro zvokunyama uye michina hwaro pave hunobatsira uye yokungotaura mabasa.

musika

In kwezvivako izvi varipo:

• Logistical rutsigiro , uye Wholesale kutengeserana. Vari hunomiririrwa kuzvivako zvivako nokuda Marketing, mutengo, kuchengetwa uye kuunganidza zvinhu uye mari. Zvinosanganisira: Wholesale pamisika, masangano yokutengesa, sefiriji, dzokuchengetera, zvokudya exchanges, rokutengesa uye zvisingasviki nemahofisi uye nezvigadziko uye zvichingodaro.
• Financial zvekutepfenyura. It chakaumbwa nemabhengi nemamwe masangano aidaro mari aibuda, ichipa kwezvikwereti. Munzvimbo iyi vanobatanidzwa paruzhinji uye pasiri masangano. Between masangano aya anofanira kushanda mashoko exchange.
• Sport uye ushanyi. In kwemauto ichi zvinosanganisira hotels, masangano kufamba, dzimba chebhodhingi, hostels, zvivako zvemitambo, womukati zvekufambisa migwagwa, tsika uye varaidzo nemasangano.
• Recreational zvikamu - kumatunhu, ichipa nzwisisika basa ushanyi.

The European kwenyika

Pari zvino pane Misiyano kukura zvibereko ehondo Western uye Eastern munzvimbo. Saka, muna European chikamu dzichiitika vanenge 80% kubva mukugadzira Enterprises. Panguva iyo indasitiri specialization ari Northern dunhu zvoupfumi uye nechokumabvazuva zvinosanganisira anenge 63% pakuchera zvinomera. ukama Izvi zvinoratidza kuti kumatunhu European vanoonekwa ne akanaka ezvinhu kuti kuwedzera kugadzirwa kugona uye mazuvaano. Improvement upi kwemauto reCentral nzvimbo specialization kunogona kuitika shoma guta inivhesitimendi. Huripo kwemauto harifaniri pasi kuchinja makuru. Kukosha kweeuro mapazi inofanira yakawedzera tichiregeredza kukosha Kugadzirwa simba renyukireya engineering, zvokuimba engineering dzimwe nzvimbo, nokududza hwokugadzira mberi yose zvoupfumi munyika. Production kukura ikaitika chete nokuwedzera zvibereko pane hama kuderera inosimbisa kuparadzwa, huni, mvura, zvinhu, magetsi.

Mumunda specialization pakati Urals riri kukodzera kuti pakuwedzera raivapo uye nekutumirwa kwemauto itsva water- uye simba-nyanyisa maindasitiri. emakambani kwakadaro munzvimbo vanofanira kubvisa kusaenzanirana uye STRUCTURAL inochinja. Izvi zvichakubatsira kudzikamisa mafuta uye simba mwero. Nhasi, ari indasitiri unyanzvi pakati Urals, East ari Far kusvika European chikamu gore akatuma anenge 1 bhiriyoni mafuta nerokuti.

Eastern mapazi

kukosha kwayo kuti upfumi nhasi chaizvo. Mune ramangwana, basa vokumabvazuva sectors chete kuwedzera. Izvi imhaka guru reserves vematanda, gasi, mafuta, marasha nezvimwe zvinhu, Zvinokosha pave water- uye simba-ndichibvunza mukugadzira Mazinga. Cherechedzai inofanira kubhadharwa kuti placement wenyika muchina-kuvaka zvakaoma nechokumabvazuva kwenyika. The miganhu kubatana akawana disproportionate kuparadzirwa nemauto zvibereko. Kana, somuenzaniso, indasitiri specialization Urals vari mukutsinhana mukati ayo mapazi, kumabvazuva kunzvimbo dzaitongwa zvokunze kutaurirana nevamwe zvikamu. The zvachose ekisipoti engineering zvigadzirwa mukati European ndima chokuendesa sezvakarayirwa 18% pamiganhu yayo, uye imupota - 25%. In nzvimbo kumabvazuva chinhu chinokosha musiyano pakati kuwanda kugadzirwa michina uye midziyo akatarisa upfumi nharaunda. Enterprises kumabvazuva dzinosiyana uzkoprofilnye. Naizvozvo, 25 chete% engineering zvigadzirwa kuparadzwa mukati mapazi. 75% anouya mberi nayo, kusanganisira 72% muna Volga indasitiri specialization, Central Asia, Kazakhstan.