Relief - a ... Read zvokuyamura. Geological mamiriro uye kuzorodzwa

Nokudzidza geography uye kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, tatarisana izwi akadai mamiriro enzvimbo. Chii ichi izwi uye chii chinoshandiswei? Munyaya ino tichashandisa kukurira zvinoreva shoko, tinodzidza ndedzipi mhando uye nzira zororo, uye zvakawanda.

Pfungwa yokusunungurwa

Saka, chii izvi izwi rinorevei? Relief - kutaridza pose hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka pamusoro nyika, ayo yakaumbwa zvokutanga siyana. Pane kunyange yoga sayenzi iyo inodzidza ayo mavambo, nhoroondo, budiriro, simba uye zvemukati marongerwo. akadana geomorphology. The ruyamuro ine yoga siyana, kureva, dzinongoitika miviri, anomirira zvikamu uye vane saizi yavo.

A zvakasiyana-siyana

Maererano morphological kupatsanura musimboti, dzinongoitika dzinongoitika miviri kunogona zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa. First vavo hunopfuura pajengachenga kungotaurwa Nokusimudzwa pemvura. Somuenzaniso, imwe hillock, chikomo, rakaorera, chikomo, etc .. Wechipiri, ukuwo, vanoumba yemasiraidhi hama kuti jengachenga. Izvi zvinogona mupata danda, kuora mwoyo, hova, etc. Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, rokuyamura chimiro chinosanganisira yoga zvinhu: .. hunoonekwa (zviso), pfungwa, mitsetse (micheto) pamakona. Dhigirii yakaoma tisiyanise nyore uye kunzwisisa dzinongoitika dzinongoitika muviri. By nyore siyana zvinosanganisira anorovera, zvanza, uye zvanza t. D. Vane zvakaparadzana morphological zvinhu zvinobatana kuumba chimiro. Somuenzaniso, imwe hillock. Rakakamurwa vakadaro zvikamu: rutsoka, materu, pamusoro. The kunzwisisa chimiro inoumbwa akatevedzana nyore. Somuenzaniso, mumupata. Chinosanganisira njanji, kunzwisisa, materu uye zvichingodaro.

By dhigirii materu kusiyanisa subhorizontal pamusoro (asingasviki 20 madhigirii), uye mawere vachida (20 madhigirii). Vangava zvitarisiko zvakasiyana - dzakatwasuka, convex, concave kana akapindira. Maererano mwero tatamuka chinogona kukamurwa akazaruka uye yakavharwa.

mhando ruyamuro

Tikafunga zvokutanga siyana iyo ive zvakafanana uye kunosvika mune imwe nzvimbo, anogadza mhando mamiriro enzvimbo. Nzvimbo huru panyika zvinoita chokubatanidza wandei vakasiyana zvipenyu maererano yakafanana mavambo kana kusawirirana. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, kutaura pamusoro mhando mapoka zvokuyamura. Kana kushamwaridzana unoitwa pamusana dzidzo yavo, tinotaura yokugara mhando zvokutanga siyana. The Mhando vakawanda munyika zvokuyamura - bani uye gomo. Urefu inogona kukamurwa wokutanga mwoyo, zvikomo, pamapani, makomo nenzvimbo dzakakwirira. Pakati wechipiri dzoga soro, yakakwirira, nomutoo uye vakaderera.

sandara nomunzvimbo dzine

nharaunda iyi, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva muduku (kusvika 200 metres) hama kwakadzikira, uyewo duku materu ramps (kusvika 5 madhigirii). Mhedziso yakakwirira iri diki (kusvika 500 metres). Izvi nzvimbo panyika huri (nyika, gungwa uye yomugungwa pasi), zvichienderana kukwira muri pamapani (kusvika 200 metres), kukwirira (200-500 metres), Upland kana kumusoro (metres pamusoro 500). Relief Plains kunotsamira achinyanya ukuru ruggedness nenyika viomak. Rinogona kuva loamy, ivhu, peat, jecha nevhu. Vanogona cheka riverbeds, kuhova nemipata.

nemumakomo nomunzvimbo dzine

nzvimbo iyi kuva undulating panyika Anoumba hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka pamwe altitudes anosvika 500 metres, hama kwakadzikira kubva 200 metres uye pamateru anopfuura 5 inegumi. Zvikomo dzinowanzoumbwa hardwood, uye dzakatenuka uye musoro wakafukidzwa chiine rukoko unzenza padombo. Dzegirini therebetween vari sandara, rakafara kana kuvharwa mhango.

Upland

Nomunzvimbo dzine makomo - the Nzvimbo iri anomiririra nyika pevhu, ari yekudyidzana akakwidziridzwa hama kuti nzvimbo dzakapoteredza. It kunoratidzwa nemhedziso dzakakwirira 500 metres. nzvimbo iyi ine siyana uye zvakaoma nomunzvimbo dzine, uyewo dzakananga dzinongoitika uye okunze. The huru siyana ndivo neeSultan mugomo maitiro kumawere, izvo kazhinji dzikava bluffs uye mawere uye mumipata uye hova iri pakati anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Munzvimbo gomo yenyika huri iri yekudyidzana amutsa kumusoro pamwero penyanza, uye vane zvakafanana chawo, rinokwira pamusoro akapoteredza kumapani. Zvinosanganisira vanoverengeka kunaka uye zvakanaka siyana zvokuyamura. Maererano pamwero yavo yakakwirira inogona rakakamurwa yakaderera makomo (kusvika 800 metres), pakati gomo (800-2000 m) uye yakakwirira kukwira (2,000 mamita).

kuita

Age zvepakutanga siyana panyika ihama uye Mhedziso. Wokutanga anosimbisa paumbwe rokuyamura panyaya chero pamusoro (tichikufunga). Yechipiri Akatsunga kushandisa Geological nguva akamboona. The Tinozorodzwa inoumbwa kugara kusakarongeka pakati endogenous uye exogenous masimba. Saka, endogenous pezvakaitwa basa paumbwe chikuru zviri zvokutanga siyana uye exogenous nekusiyana, tsvaka kuti vaenzanise navo. The kuzorodzwa-ndizvo zvinotisimbisa chikuru simba Nyika uye zuva, musakanganwa zvinoitwa pezvakasikwa. Paumbwe panyika kunoitika pasi pokudzora regiravhiti. Kwainyanya kubva endogenous pezvakaitwa vanogona kunzi chafariz simba pamusoro nyika, iro inobatanidzwa kuora radioactive zvichiitika kwayo nejasi. Saka, achifuridzirwa mauto aya Continental uye Oceanic yakaumbwa pasi goko. Endogenous pezvakaitwa kuti paumbwe zvikanganiso, muzvirugu, sangano iri lithosphere, volcanism uye kudengenyeka kwepasi.

Geological zvaanorumbidza

Kudzidza anoumba pemvura nyika, masayendisiti ari mubasa geomorphology. Chavainyanya basa - kudzidza zvemaumbirwo uye kwakaita nzvimbo yacho nomunhu nyika, makondinendi, mapuraneti. In richiswedera vakasimudza nokurondedzerwa imwe nzvimbo foromani anofanira kusarudza chii chakaita pamberi payo kuumba pemvura, kunzwisisa kwayo mavambo. Chokwadi, vaduku geographer kwaizova zvakaoma kufunga pamusoro dzavo pazvinhu izvi, saka zvakanakisisa kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva mumabhuku kana vadzidzisi. Nekurangarira ruyamuro description, geomorphology chikwata vanofanira kuyambuka nzvimbo yokuverengera. Kana uchida Map chete nzira, zvakakodzera kuwedzera wonamatidza zvichiongororwa zvinobvira. Uye tsvakurudzo kwacho nguva nenguva kuenda kure huru unoenda kumativi. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune foreseeable nomunzvimbo dzine yakaipa, apo dondo kana zvikomo chivhiringidze kudzokorora.

Mapping

Kunyora Vhuṱanzi (.. Terrain ndiko nemumakomo, makomo, twi, etc.), zvakakodzerawo kunonyora uye kurondedzera vachiravana nechimwe chine maatomu akafanana rokuyamura - .. pamawere materu gully Musara rwizi mumupata, etc. Kuti tizive kukura - udzamu, upamhi, urefu, pamakona - kazhinji kuti, sezvo ivo vanoti, kuti ziso. Nokuti kuti rokuyamura novimba Geological nemamiriro nzvimbo, zvaakacherechedza rwaiitwa, zvakakodzera kutsanangura uye Geological marongerwo uye anoumba yamatombo anoumba pemvura pasi kudzidza, uye kwete chitarisiko chavo. Zvakakosha kuchengeta zvose sinkholes, Madhaka, mubako uye zvichingodaro. N. Kuwedzera description, zvinofanira kutakurirwa kunze uye schematic vanodhirowa kudzidza nzvimbo.

Maererano nenheyo iyi, unogona kuongorora nzvimbo, riri pedyo nomusha wako, uye iwe unogona kutsanangura kuzorodzwa yacho makondinendi. Mumwe chidobi, chete pakafunuka yakasiyana, uye nguva hwakadzama kuzviongorora kondinendi achatora yakareba. Somuenzaniso, kuti kutsanangura zvakazorodza South America, kuti vanoda kuti pave nenhamba mapoka tsvakurudzo, uye kunyange ipapo ndichakugamuchirai gore anopfuura chete. Pashure pezvose, vati yakaoma kunoratidzwa zvakawanda makomo, Munotatamura achitevedza kondinendi yose, ari Amazon mhandara dondo, ari Argentine pampas, uye zvichingodaro. E., Ndezvipi pave mamwe matambudziko.

Cherechedza muduku Geo-morphologist

Kuita ruyamuro mepu yacho, Zvinokurudzirwa kuti kubvunza veko apo unogona kuchengeta goho nzvimbo dombo akaturikidzana uye pasi. Data ava zvakakodzera kuunza redunhu nzvimbo uye tsanangura navo zvizere uye gadzira. Pamapani dombo kazhinji pachena munzvimbo nzizi kana nemipata kucheka kuburikidza pemvura uye akaumba mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mawere. Uyewo, akaturikidzana izvi zvinogona kuonekwa yamabwe kana apo huru kana yakazova Zara pamwe akavezwa rusesi. Young geologist tichaongorora uye tsanangura neimwe paiva nedombo, zvakafanira kutanga kubva pasi. Kana kushandisa tepi nechiyero, unogona kuita zvaaida kuyerwa, izvo zvinofanira kuva kunyorwa mumunda mubhuku. Rondedzero anofanira anoratidza kukura uye zvinoitwa nomumwe paiva nenhamba uye chaiyo nzvimbo.