Volga: nzvimbo. Description of Volga River

The rwizi rukuru, akatakura mvura yaro kubva Valdai Hills kuGungwa reCaspian, mumwe kupfuura kutumirwa arteries munyika yedu - ndiyo Volga. Geographical nzvimbo zvinopa basa rake kukura wezvokutengeserana uye kugadzwa mumaguta makuru amarudzi necheSalvic. Volga - chikuru rwizi mu Europe. Uye nhasi zvazvinosarira inokosha tsime yakachena mvura nemagetsi chokufambisa mutsetse uye pedyo yaro divi guru nhamba revashanyi nevaenzi. Aripiko ari Volga River , uye chii zvimwe zvayo? Izvi ichakurukurwa pazasi.

Volga: nzvimbo

Rwizi yakashongedzwa ane European chikamu nyika yedu. A duku nhungirwa huru mugero runoyerera kuburikidza munharaunda Kazakhstan. Istok Volga iri muna Valdai Hills (229 metres pamusoro pegungwa). Sezvo vakawanda, rwizi simba inotanga pedyo nomusha Volgoverkhovye Tver nharaunda. Volga bheseni anopindura pamusoro chetatu European munharaunda Russia. Unotangira Valdai uye Central Russian Upland kusvikira Urals.

Volga anonzi chikuru rwizi munyika, kwete kuti vasawira munyanza. mvura kwavo anotakura kuGungwa reCaspian, uko rinoreva mudziva. Kureba rwizi - 3530 km yose kuwa -. 256 M Volga bheseni ndokwenguva nzvimbo miriyoni mativi makiromita.

River Great inogona muzvikamu zvitatu: kumusoro (kubva kupi kusvikira pamuromo Oka), svikiro (kubva pamuromo Oka River kusvikira confluence of Kama), pasi (kubva pamuromo Kama River kuGungwa reCaspian).

mabviro

Rwizi zvinobva kiyi kunobva doro pedyo nomusha Volgoverkhovye. Pedyo temberi yakavakwa. The chaizvo tsime Volga iri pasi pauriri duku yemapuranga chapero pamusoro stilts. Zvinonzi vakapakata pahwindo chaiyo kuburikidza izvo Scoop uye kubvumirwa kunwa mvura.

Mushure anenge matatu chete kubva panobva Volga runoyerera rave riri makungwa maviri, kutanga muna Verkhita duku, uye ipapo muna Big Verkhita. Uyezve, nzira kwayo nhema kuburikidza rokumusoro Dam. Wokutanga nyanza guru, dzarwo - nayo Sterzh. Volga nesimba guru inopinda mvura yaro nokukurumidza, pasina nokusanganisa, anokunda navo. Zvinonzi musi kuine zuva unogona kuona sei rwizi runoyerera kuburikidza mudziva.

rokumusoro Volga

Asati pakusikwa reservoirs rwizi urefu raiva refu uye raiva 3690? Km. Mai yokutanga murwizi riri pashure Verkhnevolzhskiye Lakes (Sterzh, Vselug, Peno, ari Volga). It yakavakwa 1843. On the Upper Volga reservoirs yaiva shoma nhasi: Ivankovskoe (hereinafter vachinzi kuGungwa Moscow, naye ndezvaiye Hydroelectric chirimwa pedyo neguta Dubna), Uglich, Rybinsk, Gorky (riri pana Gorodets, Nizhny Novgorod pamusoro).

guru rokutanga guta The pamusoro kunobva rwizi - Rzhev. On the Upper Volga maguta ekare akadai Kostroma, Tver, Uglich uye Yaroslavl. Inoyerera kuburikidza yevedza nzvimbo, zviri zvikuru teura, ipapo kujekesa pakati poromoka mabhanga.

The chikuru mutero yomurwizi pamusoro chidimbu ichi: Selizharovka, Rima, Kotorosl, Tvertsa, Mologa, Sheksna, Unzha.

pakati Volga

Mushure confluence of Oka rwizi runoyerera kurudyi kumucheto Volga Upland. Pano anova zvinooneka zvikuru garika. The rworudyi kumahombekombe Volga yakakwirira, akasiya chete - yakaderera.

Guta Cheboksary riri Hydroelectric Dam, riri pamusoro dura.

The chikuru mutero yomurwizi pamusoro chidimbu ichi: Oka, Sura, Vetluga, Sviyaga.

dzikisa Volga

simba rayo izere uye simba yoRwizi mushure confluence of Kama unozvininipisa. In chidimbu ichi, inoyerera mumhenderekedzo Volga Uplands. Skirting ari Mountains Zhiguli, Volga anoumba Samara Bend. Zviri zvishoma kupfuura Kuibyshev Dam (nayo adjoins Zhiguli hydropower chirimwa). Balakovo pedyo norwizi pamire Saratov HPP. Muruwa Volgograd River anoswedera Don. Just pamusoro guta anosiiwa ruoko rworuboshwe, Akhtuba. Kureba - 537? Km. Pakati rwizi wayo ruoko ndiyo inonzi Volga-Akhtubinskaya mafashamo nebani, zvinosanganisira vakawanda ducts.

Kwete kure Volgograd, parwizi nzvimbo pakati guta uye pakutanga Akhtuba iri Volzhskaya HPP uye Volgograd Dam.

Mutero yoRwizi pa nzvimbo iyi zvikuru diki. muto ichi, Samara, Great Irgiz Eruslan.

muromo Volga

Munzvimbo pedyo Don rwizi majana uye mamwezve Rwako kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kusvika confluence kweGungwa reCaspian. Panguva apo mukuru gwara aparadzana Ahtuba anotanga Delta Volga. It ndokwenguva nharaunda dzinenge 19.000 mativi makiromita. Delta 500 zvinosanganisira dzisimbe. Remasangano pavo - nayo Akhtuba Bakhtemir, Kamyzyak, Staraya Volga, Bolda, BUZAN. Ruoko wechipiri akati akaramba aine akakodzera kutumirwa nokuumba Volga-reCaspian mugero. Kigach, iro mumwe maoko rwizi, ayambuka miganhu Kazakhstan.

The Volga Delta anonzi guru Europe. Munhau, izvozvo zvachinja nzvimbo yaro uye tsoka. Delta ano mhando yakaumbwa kumativi III remakore AD, apo yakare gwara akasagona kukurira rakawedzerwa mvura. Mumakore 130 apfuura, izvozvo akaderedza pamwero kweGungwa reCaspian. Somugumisiro, munguva iyi yose Delta nzvimbo kwakawedzera munenge 9 nguva.

At muromo Volga ndiro yokupedzisira guta iri murwizi - Astrakhan. It riri pazvitsuwa gumi nerimwe rokumusoro chikamu Delta.

Power uye Mode

River Volga, nzvimbo yomugariro nzvimbo iyo rinokurukurwa kumusoro, pamberi kuvakwa reservoirs inozivikanwa zvinokosha nokufamba mu sandara (pazasi muromo Kama vakasvika 17 m). Nhasi, zvakadai madonhwe zvakakomba uye parasikira haana kuchengetwa.

Zvakawanda simba rwizi weveta chando-mvura (60%). Rinokosha izvi inoitawo mvura (10%) uye ivhu (30%) "kuuya". Mumazana gore Volga ichipfuura anotevedzana transformations akawanda. Muchirimo (April kusvika June) ndiyo mafashamo. In zhizha nechando murwizi pamwero iri chaizvo ipfupi. Mumatsutso (kazhinji muna October) pane mvura nenzizi.

Mune akanyanya kupisa mwedzi mvura tembiricha murwizi rinosvika 25º. The Volga yaita chando iri repamusoro uye pakati mugove, kazhinji muna November, nechepasi - kusvikira December. Free echando murwizi chete pamberi Astrakhan (mu March). Volga okumusoro mugove Kamyshino akazarura rokutanga hafu April. Mamwe rerwizi chinobuda torpor yechando pakati mwedzi uyu.

zviwanikwa

Volga pamepu rinofukidza mundima huru. Ndezvemhuri kuburikidza mudondo, inowanzorimwa uye inowanzorimwa wongoramba. River kubva kare inozivikanwa zvaro hove. Zviri musha bream, roach, Sturgeon, kabhu, Catfish, Pike. Zvinosuruvarisa kuvakwa reservoirs uye kusvibiswa mvura haakonzeri richengetedzwe zvose zvakasiyana-siyana izvi. Mune Delta of Volga River Reserve yakatangwa. On Ndima yayo kubva muna 1919 aine rakasiyana nemhuka pasi pehurumende kudzivirirwa. Pakati pavo, Lotus, Sturgeon, pelicans, flamingoes.

Volga (nzvimbo, kunyanya zvokudya, nemamwe kasvisto uye fauna of) iye zvino kunzwisiswa zvakanaka. Pamwe kunzwisisa kuchinja kuitika chete rwizi padzimba dzaro hwose, mumwe anova anoziva matambudziko chokuita navo. Nhasi, mukuru Russian rwizi kushayiwa rokudzivirira upfumi hwavo. Sezvineiwo, nhamba yevanhu vari kutanga kuona ngozi zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. Inogona netariro, saka, kuti rakasiyana hunhu uye runako pamahombekombe Volga arambe saka kwemazana emakore akawanda.