Mikhail Kalatozov: Biography, Filmography, mapikicha

Uyu akaratidza tarenda rake zvinoshamisa mabasa akawanda. Akava nomukurumbira ave screenwriter uye ave mutungamiriri uye somunhu opareta. Mikhail Kalatozov anozivikanwa nomukurumbira mibayiro, ari iyewo muridzi "guru" achibuda. On zvakanyorwa zvakawanda nyaya uye essays pamusoro vicissitudes hwake abvisa sezvinobvumirwa anonzi maviri. Chii chaiva okusika munzira Maestro? Funga mubvunzo uyu zvizere.

oupenyu mashoko

Kalatozov Mihail Konstantinovich akaberekwa guru Georgia December 28, 1903. madzibaba ake akanga achibva mhuri chekare dzoumambo Amiredzhebi. Babamunini yemberi mukuru akashanda se mukuru mambo pachake. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti munda Kalatozova kakawanda ashanyirwa vamiririri veko intelligentsia, uyo aida kutaura pamusoro kutapwa kwenyika. Asi zvino rakasvika October Revolution, zvaakatadzisa zvinhu kune njodzi mukomana.

Start basa

Muna 1917, Mikhail Kalatozov, ane Biography, akakodzera zvirokwazvo wokunyatsoporesa, akatanga kuwana raramo. Akashanda uye mushandi, uye mushandi, uye mutyairi.

Muna 1923, rimwe jaya anoenda kushanda pazuva yemo firimu Studio kutanga kuva mutyairi, uye ipapo - the projectionist. nokukurumidza Diligence uye mutoro mafungiro vakaona jaya, uye ikozvino Mikhail Kalatozov vaibatsira yakatarwa. Kwapera nguva yakanga anotenderwa panguva nezvenzvimbo mupepeti uye cameraman. Paaiita basa rake panguva Tbilisi Studio jaya akatanga kutarisa sika akawanda, izvo zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga vaivapowo cinema.

Kutongwa chibharuma Kalatozova sezvo munyori aiva firimu "Zvinoita Tariel Mklavadze", akapfurwa Ivanom Perestiani muna 1925. Kwapera nguva, Mikhail Kalatozov kare kwaisanganisira uye munyori uye somunhu opareta mu "Gulli" mifananidzo uye "ropa wechigypsy". In kururamisira zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti musiki yakakurumbira firimu "The Cranes Vari Nendege" haina vakarumbidzwa zvikuru kukurumbira somunhu mutambi, pasinei ake kumanikidzira chitarisiko, asi mabasa ake directorial akanga muzviruva uye okudhindira. Mikhail Kalatozov, vane mafirimu vari pasina mubvunzo vanobatanidzwa National papfuma Cinématographe, kekutanga kuti aedze pachake ari kukwanisa chitsva panguva pakuguma 20s.

Kumutungamiriri basa

Maestro debut basa raiva firimu "Umambo Kwavo", iro akarayira vari pamwe chete Nutsoy Gogobiridze. Nechekare mumufananidzo uyu Mikhail Kalatozov akatanga kuratidza risina kugerwa individualism, nokusika nemamwe migumisiro uye chiedza pamakona, kuwana vaifanira kuti vatambi realism vari vatambi. Muna 1930 rimwe jaya atova munhu anotora firimu chinyararire rinonzi "Munyu wenyika Svaneti", iro rinotaura pamusoro poupenyu imwe munharaunda.

Kana filming Michael K. akashandisa ethnographic zvinhu zviri muvhidhiyo Genre, akakwanisa kutsungirira mumwe mashoko ari kuchinja zvirongwa, zvichiita basa iri rakanga kukosheswa firimu vatsoropodzi se "kugonesesa".

Rwepanyama yekupindurwa vector

Nguva chinyararire firimu zvishoma nezvishoma akasvika pasina, uye Maestro haisi pakarepo kukwanisa kubata nezvemaitiro itsva unyanzvi. The 1932nd Mikhail Kalatozov anosika firimu "The chipikiri ari vene rake," asi basa anoenda kucherechedzwa muna vateereri. Kukundikana firimu iri chaizvo inorwadza Georgian wokuimba. Akasarudza kusiya basa iri nguva yakatarwa. Maestro anoenda kudzidza panguva State Academy of Art uye akazova mukuru Tbilisi Central Studio. Kuva nechinzvimbo ichi, Mikhail Kalatozov (zita chairo - Kalatozishvili) ririkuitwa shanduko mune firimu kwacho, upgrading midziyo uye kushanda nzvimbo nokuda kuratidzwa.

Zvisinei, unyanzvi hwomuzana akadai aifarira hauzosvimhi zvose kuzviremera, uye pashure penguva yakati kuti Maestro akapomerwa "akaisa Bourgeois modernism." Kalatozov akatumira guta riri Neva.

Tichidzokera mutungamiriri

Mukupera 30 ari Maestro anowana basa pa "Lenfilm", iro vanotanga vapfura firimu "Ushingi." Muna 1941 anobuda mune dzemitambo ndiyo imwe mufananidzo mukuru - "Valery Chkalov". Both mafirimu udza pamusoro pezvaiitwa vezvikepe Soviet, saka, vane achitiza kubudirira chete vateereri. Zvarongwa firimu vatsoropodzi vakaita Chkalov, asi mufananidzo protagonist reDare Vladimir Belokurova kuva muenzaniso wokutevera.

Mikhail Kalatozov vane Photo pashure "Valery Chkalov" achaita kudhinda ose mumapepanhau National, vakokwa mumafirimu pamusoro vezvikepe basa inozvikudza vatambi - Serafim Birman, Arkadiya Raykina, Mark Bernes. No zvishoma nevakawanda Maestro akagovera firimu "asingakundiki," izvo akatora pamusoro ndima pamwe yakakurumbira mukuru Sergei Gerasimov muna 1942.

Shanda kunze

Muna 1943 mukuru Mikhail Kalatozov achaiswa kune imwe administrative mumhanyi uye kwekanguva akatumirwa US Bourgeois. Pano, iye achaita somumiririri mvumo kubva Cinema Committee of mabhaisikopu yeSoviet. It kunze mugumo achasundira kuna inozvikudza Litsedeyami XX remakore - Charlie Chaplin, Jean Gabin, Anri Matissom.

Kubva US Maestro kuchaunza yazvino kuzoposhera mafirimu uye ruchatanga kumusoro Studio "Mosfilm". Zvadaro, iye achatora pamusoro sezvo musoro Main Directorate of unyanzvi cinematography, uye ipapo vakuru pambiru weGurukota Cinematography Soviet Union. Zvisinei, mukuru mukuru Michael K. basa ndicharipira yakawanda achiteerera.

Kuenderera basa sezvo mutungamiriri

Muna 50-ies ari sefa Soviet anoratidza chimwe firimu Kalatozova rinonzi "Ndamukirwa of vakatongerwa" yakavakirwa Wirth anotamba. Nokuti basa iri, asi Maestro akanga paakavapa ari Stalin Prize. Akabva akabvisa firimu ake "Utsinye nezvamupupuri", iyo izere chakakomba enyika nechirevo. Muna 1954 iye kudzidza Kumutungamiriri kuzoshanda satirical mutambo "Neshamwari Dzechokwadi", iro richiri waidiwa zvipfuwo vateereri vakuru. Uye, chokwadi, zvinokosha kuziva voga blockbusters Soviet "The Cranes Vari Nendege", pakusikwa iyo Michael K. vakashanda 1957.

Izvi humanistic nyaya kurwira rugare rava chaiwo pakati mabhaisikopu yeSoviet. Muna 1964, vateereri akaona firimu "Ini - Cuba", iro manyorero iro Kalatozov akanyora nyanduri Evgeniem Evtushenko. Last Movie Maestro aiva "The Red Tende" (1969). Nyaya mutambo wacho - nyaya Kununurwa polar rwendo pakati Umberto Nobile.

upenyu Personal

The yakakurumbira firimu mukuru, akagamuchira muna 1965 musoro vanhu Artist yeGeorgia, uye muna 1969 - musoro vanhu Artist of USSR, akanga akaroora mwanasikana Mumiriri kweItaly Jeanne Valatsi. vachimuziva yavo pamhemberero zororo Batumi. Mukupera 20-ies zviri Maestro aiva mwanakomana George, uyo gare gare akaramba chigaro chababa vake. Naye nokukurumidza pashure wakurukura agamuchira Georgian chizvarwa ASSR. Zvisinei, kuroorana Mutorwa, Mikhail Konstantinovich pashure pechinguva rakabhuroka: wekambani rabva Georgia, uye Jeanne uye mwanakomana wake akagara Tiflis.

Maererano muzukuru wake, Kalatozov, pasinei rinorema rotonhorera nemhuri, waiva murume anofara nokuti akakwanisa kuita zvose zvaaida muupenyu. Kuva iri kuchamhembe guru, mutungamiriri kwazvo anoda mutambi Elenu Yunger, asi hazvina takatondeswa kuti pamwe. Michael K. akafa March 26, 1973, uye iye akavigwa Novodevichy kumakuva guru.