Traditional zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda. Men uye vakadzi zvipfeko marudzi ose Volga nharaunda

Traditional zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda, uyewo zvose nguo National anoratidza kwematunhu munzanga uye kwevanhu ani. Volga - wakarebesa rwizi, uye sezvo chinokambaira panyika yaro kuonekwa yokuvamba kusiyana National zvipfeko.

batanidzo

Chitarisiko National zvokupfeka zvakaguma zvikurukuru tsika dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda, izvo dzisingadi nokupesvedzera nezvakatipoteredza uye okunze. A maitiro chinoratidza nomumwe National koshitomu ndiye painoperera. Chishongo, ine midzi muna prehistoric nguva, kwete pasina chikonzero inonzi yakanyorwa kare. Kutenda madzitateguru yakanyorwa mazango zvakasikwa mapatani kuti ndezvaJehovha chete kuti kurudzi kana rudzi, uye zvigopiwa kubva remakore remakore. Saka hapana hwakawanda huripo mazano, kushanda sezvo nezvakarukwa uye furs, yepakutanga koshitomu nenhumbi determinant vamwe vanhu. Asi sezvo wakarebesa rwizi mu Europe rinobatanidza marudzi ose Volga nharaunda, uye chikuru chikamu National koshitomu - a hembe (kunyanya vakadzi) - iri zvakafanana uye maitiro chinoratidza zvose national zvokupfeka dzavanhu mundima idzi.

Common vose

Saka, tsika zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda vane chinhu chimwe chakafanana. Soviet akiyorojisiti uye ethnographer Boris Alekseevich Kuftin akadana kwaari "nguo chekawo": Shirts vemadzinza ose ose Volga nharaunda vasina pamafudzi vazvo. Zvechokwadi, mune dzimwe ndudzi, akadai vaRoma vekare kana vokuJapan, hapana pamafudzi vazvo. Chikonzero ichi ndiko kunonyanya kubva chinyakare ezvinhu umo zvakafanira kunyora kana kunyora mbatya, kana zvimwewo, asi regai kutaura chokwadi kuti izvi zviri zvakajairika dzose zvokupfeka zvakadzama ikoko, haukwanisi aine musiyano madhirezi enyika. Chete, pachena, vaiva zvokuvakisa iyo vakasonanidza mbatya - hemp uye neshinda. Zvinogona vakafunga kuti mvura maparera uye mai neparera akadzvinyirirwa kuwana chikumbiro ose Volga zvokupfeka. Chaizvoizvo chinyakare zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda: Mordovia, asi Chuvash, wechiTatar vanhu Middle Volga uye Samara - dzinosiyana mumwe.

Erzya uye Moksha

Enzanisa ngatitangei takurukura Mordovia sutu. rudzi rumwe norumwe, ayo mavambo, nyaya iri siyana chaizvo. Mordvinians, halving subethnos (Moksha uye Erzya, nendimi dzavo), iri Finno-Ugric marudzi. chimwe muzvitatu chete kurarama Mordovia, uye vamwe - iri pedyo munzvimbo uye Russia yose. Vanobvuma vakawanda Orthodox, asi pane Molokans uye vaLutheran. Uye zvose izvi nokuda emakore akaumba National rokwe uye zvinooneka mavari. Zvinofanira akati kuti waterways kare chete dzaishandiswa nevezvokutengeserana dzaibatanidza vavakidzani. Kutaurirana nemumwe, vanhu Volga akakwereta tsika nemumwe, tsika, Recipes, cuisines emarudzi, vakazoguma akaziva tsika, akatora pamusoro dzekuvamba nguo uye zvishongo.

Kusiyana masutu, kunyange mukati chete madzinza

Uye akaumba tsika zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda. Mordovia oma munhukadzi zvipfeko, uye varume - nyore uye yakakodzera. Zvinogona kucherechedzwa kuti mokshanki National koshitomu zvaipfekwa nguva dzose uye erzyanki - chete pamazororo. Uye hazvisi mutsauko chete, kunyange National koshitomu mumwe rudzi. General uye Mhedziso kwavari chinhu chena kanivhasi ruvara, iro akavezwa kuti hembe yake, kuvapo mari zvishongo marozari uye anoshongwa, uyewo madhirezi nezvakarukwa Trim. Zvipfeko varume nyore uye rakafanana Russian koshitomu - a hembe untucked, mbatya dzake tucked kupinda leggings. Panhard uye ponkst (hembe uye unokutakwairirai) nerimwe zuva dzaigadzirwa hemp, yezororo - Mufurakisi.

raida zvikamu

An chinokosha pamusoro koshitomu rakanga nebhanhire, kana Karksi, iro nguva dzose belted hembe. Iye akaisa zvikuru kukosha. Wakaitwa kazhinji reganda akanga kirasipi nyore sezvo rin'i kana zvakasimba yakashongedzwa. Rakanga raizosungirirwa bhandi kana zvombo, kana zvokushandisa, mu bhandi anokudzwa varwi. Pamusoro hembe muzhizha Mordovia varume vaipfeka chena vomwana chiedza undershirt (mushkas - pa Moksha rutsya - pana Erza), muchando - Russian kuti jasi caftan-zvakadai, yakananga akachekwa, maoko refu, kuravidza guru rakafara chipika, kana akachekwa-kure muchiuno nedehwe remakwai jasi. The inonyanya headgear akanga felted heti (chena kana dema) minda diki, uye gare gare, sezvo iri Russian, fekitari nguwani, chando - mbava chivharo kana Maraki. Netsoka dzake dzakanga neshangu tsoka ndichisunga kana leggings, pamazororo - majombo. Easy uye yakakodzera. Asi kuti vapfeke Mordovia mukadzi maawa akawanda, uye vaviri kana vatatu vabatsiri.

yakasiyana zvinhu

Traditional chena hembe, nezvakarukwa, Moksha zvave mupfupi, uye nokudaro hazvo akawedzera bhurukwa. Zvikuru dzakarukwa bhandi kubva Erzyas akatsiva Pulayya - hudyu kushongedzwa marozari, sequins, marozari, nengetani. First musikana erzyanka aipfeka nayo nezuva zera uye kurega asati pamudyandigere. The mazororo huru pamusoro izvi zvose fukai bhandi marozari red masa, pasi iro mativi Tuck dzemaoresa matauro. Rainzi selge pulogay. Uye Moksha Vakadzi bhandi zvishongo zvakanga Kesko rutsyat zvaipfekwa mashomanana zvidimbu uye zvikuru kwazvo yakashongedzwa. Saka, zviri pachena kuti tsika zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda yakanga Misiyano kunyange mukati chete rudzi. Pakuonekwa kwavo netsika kusakara aigona zvakarurama kuona riini yomukadzi, munzanga uye nyika.

outerwear

Pamusoro yose mhando pamusoro Mordovia vakadzi vaipfeka sundress - kafton-krda. Dzimwe nguva aipfeka nguo rutsyu uku nowenyika nguvo yakareba pamusoro ibvi. Uye akatema uye ruvara panguva Sub-emadzinza akasiyana, uyewo leggings. Hats vaiva Zvivako zvakaoma kuti dzinoratidza zera, hwevakaroorana uye munzanga. Kwavari, zvakapedza zvishongo. Demi-mwaka zvipfeko raiva Sumann, uyewo vanhu. In yechando vakadzi vaipfeka nedehwe remakwai majasi yakawanda ruffles pasi muchiuno okurwadzisa. Shoes kuvanhu haisi zvikuru zvakasiyana. Uye, chokwadi, vakadzi vakapfeka zvishongo mokshanki chetsika nezvindori, marozari, nezvishongo vakawedzera bibs. Munhu angawedzera kuti XIX remakore muna Mordovia vakadzi koshitomu rakawedzerwa kuti epuroni. On muenzaniso National inoita kuti dzinza inoratidza kuti vanhu Volga munhukadzi zvipfeko pamusoro nhamba zvinhu, nezvehukorokodzwa uye siyana zvishongo uye kuwedzera yekudyidzana pfuura dzevanhu sutu, uye hadzi zvokupfeka vemamwe marudzi nyore Mordovia zvikuru.

inopenya mashoko

Turkic marudzi (wechipiri pakukura Russia) Tatars mapoka mapoka matatu ethno-miganhu, mumwe unova Volga-Ural. Vose vakasiyana mumwe, kusanganisira yenyika rokwe. Achifananidza tsika zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda, kuti wechiTatar vangazivikanwa pakarepo. Ane pointy heti mudenga wakatenderera, rakapamhamha mudhebhe pamwe navanopinda danho beshmets neshangu tsvarakadenga Mabhuku eBraille dehwe kana nezvakarukwa vherevheti. Dzinoratidzwa pose uye Shirts, bhurauzi uye Mabhachi ari muchiuno. Straight majasi nebhuruu maoko, akagura bandauko, kana Chekmenev, nowenyika yekare Turkic nguo. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti sechiedza munyika kwevanhu nenhumbi, inova chinyakare koshitomu, pashure refu nzira chenhau kukura, akachengetedza ndangariro yemadzitateguru.

A maitiro chepfungwa koshitomu

A zvakafanana chinoratidza ose nguo Tatars vaiona wake trapezoidal chimiro (kumashure nguva dzose pritalivalas) uye kuvapo zvose varume uye vakadzi une hembe (kulmek) uye bhurukwa (yshtan). Vakadzi hembe akasiyana chete pakureba - dzimwe nguva kunosvika muzvitsitsinho. Tatar hembe yakasiyana nemamwe nguo Shirts hunoumba zvose tsika zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda, nohupamhi uye urefu (mu Kuvanhu kunosvika mabvi) uye kumira-up chipika. In vakadzi pasi hembe yake, iyo, sezvo ushe, aiva rakadzika akachekwa, ndaigara munhu fidha. Rich Tatar aiva hembe yakagadzirwa zvinodhura micheka kupinza. Bhurukwa kuzivikanwa ndechokuti vanhu vakanga akagadzirwa mitsetse jira (pestryad), vakadzi - kubva mubani.

naka nyore

Outerwear: Cossack, nguo uye chekmen - raiva Zapashnyy, chimiro-richishanda pamwe chinokosha musana. Varume, paivawo caftan kuzoshanyira chechi. Fanira chizenga chinhu bhandi. Uye zvipfeko musoro vakadzi akasiyana gono chete Kushongedzwa dzinoshandisa mbava, ruka, nomusoni uye decoration Musono. Tichitarisa chinyakare zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda (wechiTatar, somuenzaniso), tinogona kuswedera zvinotevera mhedziso: vanhurume zvokupfeka havasi kunzwisisa chaizvo, hazvina kuvaita zvishoma yakanaka. Vakasiyana mumwe decoration mashoko uye hembe, izvo dzimwe nguva afanane kutoti nemapfekero flounces. The chikuru chepfungwa National kupfeka upi dzinza ndechokuti hwakada chokuita izvi vanhu upenyu, izvozvo rakavapo pamusoro emakore uye akasika yose dzinza vomunharaunda.

Zvienderane Samara Volga nharaunda

Samara Volga vanhu National zvipfeko varombo uye mupfumi uye zvakafanana. Zvakasiyana basa, zvinhu, runako, dearness yakarongedzwa. In Samara, kunze Russian, Ukrainians kurarama Chuvash uye Tatars mujenya. Naizvozvo, zvetsika zvokupfeka uye nevagari Samara Volga nharaunda havasi zvakasiyana chaizvo. Saka, vakawanda vakadzi hembe kulmek shure national inoita kuti Samara wechiTatar, muzvikamu zvitatu marudzi. Wokutanga wavo kwakafanana pamusoro hembe - paupamhi, yakananga, sevanhu. It rine zvakananga emadziro uye vaviri divi, flaring, akananga, dehwe RIBBONS incision ari pachipfuva. Maoko mukwanisi crotch, mupendero mupendero aiva shuttlecock. kulmeki vose refu. In chechipiri mhando hembe flounces akakwira muhudyu, chiuno, dzimwe nguva kusvika pachipfuva chake. Kulmek dzimwe sezvinoita nemapfekero joko mhando wechitatu.

Subtleties zviri zvokupfeka iri Volga nharaunda

Rokumanikidzirwa Mitezo hadzi chimbudzi aiva camisole, izvo zvinopfekwa pamusoro kulmeka uye shilsya kuti micheka inorema. A nevamwe chinhu ndiwo hwepedyo chipfuva-mutsipa nezvishongo chomumusoro. vakadzi vakura aipfeka mhando, dzemaoresa ngoma wakarukwa headscarf - orpek. Netsika akapfeka headscarf aigona kusarudza boka muridzi wechiTatar mukadzi: kuna Samara kana Kazan Tatars. Samara suit varume akasiyana zvishoma kubva kumucheto nguo vamwe vanhu Volga nharaunda. Ko kuti kudivi kulmeka wedges vaiva rakasiyana, zvokuti akafanana zvipfeko Cossacks. Pamusoro hembe yaipfekwa jasi hupfupi pamwe pfupi maoko, yokupedzisira yaiva Cossack. Munzvimbo iyi varume Muslim akapfeka skullcaps zvikuru basa marozari, vakanga Sora chirimwa.

Zvinoita zviri kuMiddle Volga zvokupfeka

National zvokupfeka dzavanhu kuMiddle Volga zvakafanana nemashoko pamusoro outfits, nekuti kurarama pano Russian, Chuvash, Mordovian uye wechiTatar. Mbatya vakadzi kunoratidzwa ndiro hembe. I akapfeka pamwe sundresses zvakasiyana akagerwa kana ponovoy - yeshinda siketi ane dzemaoresa mupendero. Kwokupedzisira chidimbu raiva Shugay - pfupi inodziya bhachi. Basa Mabhachi zvaipfekwa pamusoro hembe, vakashumira navershnik apo kure, shulpan kana maoko. The Munhurume koshitomu yaiva nyore uye saka nyore kushandisa: a shirt rejira, zviteshi nemitsetse tucked kupinda majombo. Winter - inodziya jasi vakasununguka.

Kushaya achirova misiyano

Hatina unoshamisa kusiyana chinyakare zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda. Chuvash zvakare kwete zvikuru zvakasiyana, asi kuti mazita zvikamu. All chete nguo hembe Chuvash yainzi CCEE uye inotakwairira pamwe pahupamhi nhano - Yem. Women CCEE, yakashongedzwa akanaka nezvakarukwa, dzinopfekwa ane bindepinde panguva muchiuno, uye akaiswa pamusoro epuroni (the epuroni) pamusoro hembe. Yakanga mamirire kushongedzwa Badges simbi mari. Tuhya, headgear vasikana, ndiyo chaiyo: chimiro akanga cône-zvakaumbwa, vaisanganisa ayo gupa (shonga, achiburuka pahuma) uye pamahedhifoni pamwe RIBBONS. Zvameso Tatar Middle Volga akadana tuttar. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti headgear ichi, kunyanya vakadzi, kusiyaniswa tsika zvokupfeka dzavanhu venyika Volga nharaunda. Chuvash mukono suit zvakasiyana nevamwe kunyanya bhurukwa ruvara: vakanga nguva dzose chena, nomusoni chigomero achitevedza chekawo aigona kuva mativi ari chimiro. Outerwear Appliques nezvakarukwa. Chishongo wakashongedzwa bhokisi, aiva munhuhwi uye mupendero. White pryamospinny shupar gown aiva yakatetepa chaizvo dzisimbe.