Zviratidzo zvikuru zvinoratidzirwa ne algae. Zviratidzo uye kukosha kwezvinyorwa

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvikuru zvinoratidzirwa ne algae? Iyo yakasiyana sei nedzimwe miti? Ndeapi mabasa anoitwa? Tichaita neizvi pasi apa.

Chii chinonzi algae?

Kusvikira pakati pezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, pamwe chete nefungi, lichens uye mabhakitiriya, vakatumidzwa kune zviduku zvakasvibirira. Iye zvino chirevo ichi chakarasikirwa nekukosha kwayo. Izwi rokuti "algae" rinongova rezvisikwa, kwete rakarongeka. Zvinhumba zve algae hazvina maturo, sezvo vanogona kunge vari vezvikwata zvakasiyana nemapoka.

Izwi racho pacharo rinoreva kwete mhuka dzakasiyana, asi boka rezvipenyu, izvo zvakabatanidzwa nezviverengeka zvinowanikwa. Zvinomiririra huterogeneous multicellular, unicellular and colonial organisms. Zviratidzo zvikuru zvinomiririra kune algae ndiko kusina kwemidziyo yeropa, kuvapo kweklorophyll mumasero, kugara munzvimbo yemvura. Anopfuura chikamu chemazana algae anozivikanwa. Masero avo anogona kubva kune imwe micrometer kusvika mamita 40 murefu.

Mhando dzakasiyana siyana uye makirasi e-algae anosangana mumatare ezvakarukwa, maronda, endarama, yellow-green, cryptophyte. Inenge dzose dzadzo ndezvenharaunda yeAlgae munharaunda yemiti. Kusiyanisa kune bhuruu-green algae. Dzinoshandiswa se cyanobacteria.

Main features

Unhu hwemhando dzeAlgae - ndiko kuvapo kwe photoautotrophic nutrition, kureva, kushandiswa kwemafotoynthesis, nokuda kwekuvapo kwechirorofhyll. Vanotora zvinhu kubva kumagariro nemuti wose wemuviri.

Izvo zvakakosha zvinoshandiswa nea algae zvakare kusavapo kwekuparadzanisa kwakajeka kwomuviri kuita nhengo. Mumuviri wavo hauna midzi, mashizha, mashizha, asi akasiyana mune zvakagadzirwa kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zveguru. Iyo inogona kutarisa semicheka yakaonda, mahwendefa, ribhoni, nezvimwewo.

Algae inogona kuva nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Rudzi ruvara rwemhando dzakawanda runotsanangurwa nekuvapo kweklorophyll, tsvuku, tsvuku uye mamwe mavara anoratidza kuvapo kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Hazvisi maruva, kubereka mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana kunoitika nekubatsirwa kwe spores, vegetatively kana zvepabonde.

Habitat

Pakutanga, vane mararamiro ehupenyu, asi mamwe marudzi akashandura upenyu muvhu, miti uye kunyange matombo. Algae yemadiki mashoma anogona kusanganiswa kune dzimwe nharaunda kana kurarama pasi pemvura yemvura, kuva chikamu chebenthos.

Mamwe maduku maduku akasununguka akatenderedza munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemvura pamwe ne plankton. Iko kunewo mhuka dzakasvibiswa dzinowanikwa muhombodo dzezvipenyu. Mazana makuru kupfuura ose ndeaarga shaga. Kukura, vanoita masango ose pasi pemvura, vachipa pokugara hove nemamwe mhuka.

Semitemo, vanogara pakadzika, izvo zvinogona kupinda mukati mezuva. Iyo yakadzika yakadzika mamita 200, kunyange zvazvo mhuka dzakawanda hadzisi pasi pasi makumi mana. Pamusoro penyika, zvipembenene zvinowanzokura mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka. Vanogona kuonekwa kunyange pane fence kana imba. Kupinda pamwe nemamichi mu symbiosis, dzimwe mhando dzakabatanidzwa pamwe chete, dzichiita mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu - lichens.

Biological significance

Pamusana pekushanda kwephotoynthesis, vashandi ndivo vanonyanya kubudisa zvinhu zviri mumvura. Pamusana pekupararira kweka carbon dioxide uye oksijeni, izvo zvikamu zvehupenyu hwepasi rose. Vanhu vanovashandisa se biofuels, vanoshandisa iyo kuchenesa mvura.

Algae inoshanda sezvokudya zvevanhu vazhinji vapenyu. Ivo vakapfuma mune iodine nemaminerari, naizvozvo mamwe marudzi anopedzwa nevanhu, somuenzaniso, ulva, gungwa kare. Iyo inoshandiswa mumishonga, uyewo mumakemikari emakemikari, kubudisa agar-agar, cellulose, acetic acid, uye doro.